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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:63 题号:10301513

One argument for why robots will never fully measure up to people is because they lack human-like social skills. But researchers are experimenting with new methods to give robots social skills to better interact with humans.

The experiment was carried out by researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The team developed a machine learning system for self-driving vehicles that is designed to learn the social characteristics of other drivers. The researchers studied driving situations to learn how other drivers on the road were likely to behave. Since not all human drivers act the same way, the data was meant to teach the driverless car to avoid dangerous situations.

The researchers say the technology uses tools borrowed from the field of social psychology. In this experiment, scientists created a system that attempted to decide whether a person's driving style is more selfish or selfless. In road tests, self-driving vehicles equipped with the system improved their ability to predict what other drivers would do by up to 25 percent.

In one test, the self-driving car was observed making a left-hand turn. The study found the system could cause the vehicle to wait before making the turn if it predicted the oncoming drivers acted selfishly and might be unsafe. But when oncoming vehicles were judged to be selfless, the self-driving car could make the turn without delay because it saw less risk of unsafe behavior.

The MIT team plans to expand its research model to include other things that a self-driving vehicle might need to deal with. These include predictions about people walking around traffic, as well as bicycles and other things found in driving environments. The researchers say they believe the technology could also be used in vehicles with human drivers. It could act as a warning system against other drivers judged to be behaving aggressively.

1. What is the purpose of the new research?
A.To reduce human drivers' mistakes.
B.To develop a machine learning system.
C.To give robots human-like social skills.
D.To prove robots can never replace humans.
2. What caused the self-driving car to wait or turn quickly?
A.The colors of the traffic lights.
B.The orders from police officer.
C.The directions from human drivers.
D.The oncoming driver's driving style.
3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.More traffic participants will be involved in the research.
B.Other colleges will be invited to join in the project.
C.New rules will be developed for road users.
D.Human drivers will give way to robots.
4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Entertainment.B.Science.
C.Education.D.Business.

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章通过举例说明现在的文学与科学技术紧密相连,科技正在改变文学形式和出版方式。

【推荐1】Maria had a story to tell. She could hear the words and predict how the tale would unfold. All she needed, she says, was the right iPhone app.

So Maria hired a programmer, paying him $500 to deliver in five days an application that would spread her piece, called Shadows Never Sleep, through an iPhone application. The application allows Maria to tell a visual story, with white text on a black background that makes the actual appearance of the words as you zoom in (拉近) on it to follow the story through.

Maria is not alone in her attempt to adapt literature to today’s technology. Writers and publishers of all kinds are turning to technology to bring literature to the masses.

Much of the work so far has focused on converting (转换) existing printed books to an online format. Project Gutenberg is one of the most outstanding examples of that. Founded in 1971 by Michael Hart, it has turned tens of thousands of printed books into e-books, making it the first and largest single collection of free electronic books. Similarly, e-book readers such as Amazon.com Inc.’s highly publicized Kindle are designed to copy the traditional experience of reading a book, using technology to bring convenience to readers.

But the work on this front involves more than just converting traditional printed texts into electronic versions. Writers and publishers are also using technology to deliver literature in new ways using, for example, RSS feeds and text messaging. And they’re employing programming and mobile devices to develop new literary art forms, too, forcing us to reconsider how we define the term “literature”.

“I think we’re going to have to change our definition of what writing is, because electronic media is expanding the definition of what reading and writing can be,” Maria says. “It opened the door for different kinds of writing.”

1. What does the author want to show with the example of Maria?
A.Visual stories will become popular in the future.
B.Some people have special talent for making up stories.
C.Applications play an important role in today's literature.
D.Literature today is closely connected with technology.
2. The underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to the “________”.
A.wordB.storyC.textD.application
3. According to the text, Project Gutenberg can be regarded as________.
A.an e-book readerB.a kind of digital library
C.a website that sells e-booksD.a book publisher
4. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A.Traditional printed texts are out of date.
B.The definition of literature has been changed.
C.RSS feeds and text messaging are widely used in literature.
D.Technology is changing literary forms and ways of publishing.
2022-03-24更新 | 46次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】Foreseeing a time when a patient's own cells may be harvested, multiplied, and fashioned into a replacement organ, researchers in Boston have successfully transplanted laboratory grown bladders (肾) into six dogs.

For a century, physicians have replaced diseased or damaged bladders by removing sections of a person's intestines (肠子)and shaping them into a substitute bladder. While the procedure offers some relief to patients, complications often develop because nature designs intestinal tissue for a purpose-absorbing nutrients-other than holding waste liquid of the body. “You start absorbing stuff that should be removed," says Anthony Atala of the Children's Hospital in Boston.

Other physicians have turned to human-made materials to create artificial bladders, but those efforts have also run into problems. Consequently, to build a better bladder, Atala and his colleagues decided to employ the organ's own cells.

To turn the cells into an organ, the researchers first form plastic which can break down naturally into bladder-shaped shell. They then coat its outside and inside with layers of cells needed.

To test this strategy, Atala's group obtained bladder tissue from dogs and grew it into organs. After removing the dogs' bladders, the investigators implanted(移植)the artificial ones coming from the dogs' own cells. Within a month, the organs began to perform like normal bladders.

Within three months, the plastic shells had broken down naturally, and the implanted organs were hard to distinguish from natural ones, Blood vessels(血管) quickly grew into them. Moreover, nerves seem to form proper connections with the new organs, allowing the dogs to regain normal control of their bladders. Some dogs have had the artificial bladders for nearly a year without any problems nearly a year without any problems.

While the bladders of dogs closely resemble those of people, Atala warns that more testing of this transplant strategy must occur before artificial bladders are ready for the clinic.

1. The traditional method of shaping parts of intestines into a substitute bladder ________.
A.allows the patient to absorb useless things
B.brings the patient a lot of sufferings
C.prevents the patient from absorbing nutrients
D.worsens both the function of the intestines and the bladder
2. The artificial bladders implanted in dogs ________.
A.worked perfectly as long as three months
B.began to work as well as a normal one in a few weeks
C.proved to be able to work for several years
D.did not work properly until after a month
3. Why is it suggested that more testing should be made?
A.What suits dogs' bladders will also suit human bladders.
B.Dogs' bladders can be implanted into human bodies.
C.Human bladders may well be different from dogs.
D.Artificial bladders grown in dogs can be used for human beings
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The way of turning intestines into bladders.
B.The prospect of manufacturing plastic bladders.
C.The history of making artificial bladders.
D.The possibility of making bladders from their own cells.
2021-05-27更新 | 157次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】Zero-emission large passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen will be technically available in five years, according to Airbus, but they will not enter service for at least a decade as the price of the fuel needs to come down.

The prediction comes from Glenn Llewellyn, vice-president of zero-emission technology at the pan-European plane-maker. He said that while Airbus planned to demonstrate hydrogen-powered aircraft in 2025, over the next 10 years, hydrogen won't be more economic than the fossil fuel equivalent. “To make real emissions free hydrogen-powered planes, which give out only water and heat, their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar,” he added. Another barrier is building up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft will need”.

However, Mr Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest in the sector to make this happen. In an interview, Mr Llewellyn said, “We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four.” He added, “There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today, and a 50% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050. They are exactly the kind of cost figures that are interesting for us, because it makes zeroemission aircraft commercially viable (可行的)in the 2030s.”

Last month UK-based Zero A via conducted the world’s first flight of a commercial - grade aircraft powered by hydrogen. A few days before, Airbus announced a series of design proposals for hydrogen-driven aircraft, including a “blended wing” concept that provides greater storage capacity. This design could be key to hydrogen-powered aircraft as the fuel is less energy dense (密度大)than conventional fuel and so requires more space to match performance of existing airplanes.

1. Which can be the suitable title for the text?
A.A prediction about Zero-emission aircraft.
B.Zero-emission large aircraft will be available.
C.How Zero-emission large aircraft will be made.
D.The barriers to make Zero-emission large aircraft.
2. What does Paragraph 2 focus on?
A.The future to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.
B.The importance to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.
C.The problems to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.
D.The possibility to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.
3. What does the underlined word “capacity" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Space.B.Ability.C.Place.D.Capability.
4. What is Mr Llewellyn's attitude towards the future of Zero-emission large aircraft?
A.Cautious.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.
2021-03-22更新 | 225次组卷
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