One argument for why robots will never fully measure up to people is because they lack human-like social skills. But researchers are experimenting with new methods to give robots social skills to better interact with humans.
The experiment was carried out by researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The team developed a machine learning system for self-driving vehicles that is designed to learn the social characteristics of other drivers. The researchers studied driving situations to learn how other drivers on the road were likely to behave. Since not all human drivers act the same way, the data was meant to teach the driverless car to avoid dangerous situations.
The researchers say the technology uses tools borrowed from the field of social psychology. In this experiment, scientists created a system that attempted to decide whether a person's driving style is more selfish or selfless. In road tests, self-driving vehicles equipped with the system improved their ability to predict what other drivers would do by up to 25 percent.
In one test, the self-driving car was observed making a left-hand turn. The study found the system could cause the vehicle to wait before making the turn if it predicted the oncoming drivers acted selfishly and might be unsafe. But when oncoming vehicles were judged to be selfless, the self-driving car could make the turn without delay because it saw less risk of unsafe behavior.
The MIT team plans to expand its research model to include other things that a self-driving vehicle might need to deal with. These include predictions about people walking around traffic, as well as bicycles and other things found in driving environments. The researchers say they believe the technology could also be used in vehicles with human drivers. It could act as a warning system against other drivers judged to be behaving aggressively.
1. What is the purpose of the new research?A.To reduce human drivers' mistakes. |
B.To develop a machine learning system. |
C.To give robots human-like social skills. |
D.To prove robots can never replace humans. |
A.The colors of the traffic lights. |
B.The orders from police officer. |
C.The directions from human drivers. |
D.The oncoming driver's driving style. |
A.More traffic participants will be involved in the research. |
B.Other colleges will be invited to join in the project. |
C.New rules will be developed for road users. |
D.Human drivers will give way to robots. |
A.Entertainment. | B.Science. |
C.Education. | D.Business. |
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【推荐1】Maria had a story to tell. She could hear the words and predict how the tale would unfold. All she needed, she says, was the right iPhone app.
So Maria hired a programmer, paying him $500 to deliver in five days an application that would spread her piece, called Shadows Never Sleep, through an iPhone application. The application allows Maria to tell a visual story, with white text on a black background that makes the actual appearance of the words as you zoom in (拉近) on it to follow the story through.
Maria is not alone in her attempt to adapt literature to today’s technology. Writers and publishers of all kinds are turning to technology to bring literature to the masses.
Much of the work so far has focused on converting (转换) existing printed books to an online format. Project Gutenberg is one of the most outstanding examples of that. Founded in 1971 by Michael Hart, it has turned tens of thousands of printed books into e-books, making it the first and largest single collection of free electronic books. Similarly, e-book readers such as Amazon.com Inc.’s highly publicized Kindle are designed to copy the traditional experience of reading a book, using technology to bring convenience to readers.
But the work on this front involves more than just converting traditional printed texts into electronic versions. Writers and publishers are also using technology to deliver literature in new ways using, for example, RSS feeds and text messaging. And they’re employing programming and mobile devices to develop new literary art forms, too, forcing us to reconsider how we define the term “literature”.
“I think we’re going to have to change our definition of what writing is, because electronic media is expanding the definition of what reading and writing can be,” Maria says. “It opened the door for different kinds of writing.”
1. What does the author want to show with the example of Maria?A.Visual stories will become popular in the future. |
B.Some people have special talent for making up stories. |
C.Applications play an important role in today's literature. |
D.Literature today is closely connected with technology. |
A.word | B.story | C.text | D.application |
A.an e-book reader | B.a kind of digital library |
C.a website that sells e-books | D.a book publisher |
A.Traditional printed texts are out of date. |
B.The definition of literature has been changed. |
C.RSS feeds and text messaging are widely used in literature. |
D.Technology is changing literary forms and ways of publishing. |
【推荐2】Foreseeing a time when a patient's own cells may be harvested, multiplied, and fashioned into a replacement organ, researchers in Boston have successfully transplanted laboratory grown bladders (肾) into six dogs.
For a century, physicians have replaced diseased or damaged bladders by removing sections of a person's intestines (肠子)and shaping them into a substitute bladder. While the procedure offers some relief to patients, complications often develop because nature designs intestinal tissue for a purpose-absorbing nutrients-other than holding waste liquid of the body. “You start absorbing stuff that should be removed," says Anthony Atala of the Children's Hospital in Boston.
Other physicians have turned to human-made materials to create artificial bladders, but those efforts have also run into problems. Consequently, to build a better bladder, Atala and his colleagues decided to employ the organ's own cells.
To turn the cells into an organ, the researchers first form plastic which can break down naturally into bladder-shaped shell. They then coat its outside and inside with layers of cells needed.
To test this strategy, Atala's group obtained bladder tissue from dogs and grew it into organs. After removing the dogs' bladders, the investigators implanted(移植)the artificial ones coming from the dogs' own cells. Within a month, the organs began to perform like normal bladders.
Within three months, the plastic shells had broken down naturally, and the implanted organs were hard to distinguish from natural ones, Blood vessels(血管) quickly grew into them. Moreover, nerves seem to form proper connections with the new organs, allowing the dogs to regain normal control of their bladders. Some dogs have had the artificial bladders for nearly a year without any problems nearly a year without any problems.
While the bladders of dogs closely resemble those of people, Atala warns that more testing of this transplant strategy must occur before artificial bladders are ready for the clinic.
1. The traditional method of shaping parts of intestines into a substitute bladder ________.A.allows the patient to absorb useless things |
B.brings the patient a lot of sufferings |
C.prevents the patient from absorbing nutrients |
D.worsens both the function of the intestines and the bladder |
A.worked perfectly as long as three months |
B.began to work as well as a normal one in a few weeks |
C.proved to be able to work for several years |
D.did not work properly until after a month |
A.What suits dogs' bladders will also suit human bladders. |
B.Dogs' bladders can be implanted into human bodies. |
C.Human bladders may well be different from dogs. |
D.Artificial bladders grown in dogs can be used for human beings |
A.The way of turning intestines into bladders. |
B.The prospect of manufacturing plastic bladders. |
C.The history of making artificial bladders. |
D.The possibility of making bladders from their own cells. |
【推荐3】Zero-emission large passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen will be technically available in five years, according to Airbus, but they will not enter service for at least a decade as the price of the fuel needs to come down.
The prediction comes from Glenn Llewellyn, vice-president of zero-emission technology at the pan-European plane-maker. He said that while Airbus planned to demonstrate hydrogen-powered aircraft in 2025, over the next 10 years, hydrogen won't be more economic than the fossil fuel equivalent. “To make real emissions free hydrogen-powered planes, which give out only water and heat, their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar,” he added. Another barrier is building up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft will need”.
However, Mr Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest in the sector to make this happen. In an interview, Mr Llewellyn said, “We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four.” He added, “There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today, and a 50% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050. They are exactly the kind of cost figures that are interesting for us, because it makes zeroemission aircraft commercially viable (可行的)in the 2030s.”
Last month UK-based Zero A via conducted the world’s first flight of a commercial - grade aircraft powered by hydrogen. A few days before, Airbus announced a series of design proposals for hydrogen-driven aircraft, including a “blended wing” concept that provides greater storage capacity. This design could be key to hydrogen-powered aircraft as the fuel is less energy dense (密度大)than conventional fuel and so requires more space to match performance of existing airplanes.
1. Which can be the suitable title for the text?A.A prediction about Zero-emission aircraft. |
B.Zero-emission large aircraft will be available. |
C.How Zero-emission large aircraft will be made. |
D.The barriers to make Zero-emission large aircraft. |
A.The future to make hydrogen-powered aircraft. |
B.The importance to make hydrogen-powered aircraft. |
C.The problems to make hydrogen-powered aircraft. |
D.The possibility to make hydrogen-powered aircraft. |
A.Space. | B.Ability. | C.Place. | D.Capability. |
A.Cautious. | B.Negative. | C.Doubtful. | D.Positive. |
【推荐1】If a president and a philosopher owed their success to the same secret, would you try to follow it too? What if the secret was something you already knew how to do? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth”. Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the best possible exercise. Accustom yourself to walking very far.”
Are you still sitting there reading this? Get walking! It is not just the two great minds who made a case for it as a main creativity booster(推动). Researchers have traced numerous connections between walking and novel ideas. A Standford University study found that participants were 81% more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, walking outside—versus on a treadmill(跑步机)—produces the most novel and highest-quality ideas in participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work.
The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You've probably heard the phrase “exercise your creativity”, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative thinking is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking—with your dog, a friend or alone—feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. A survey reveals that Americans spend 87% of their time indoors. Being inside, you're more likely to have less energy. Without energy, you can't wonder or create. Interrupting your routine with a walk can be a catalyst(催化剂)for gaining fresh insights into problems or projects. Just by going outside,you are stepping out of your comfort zone which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood or a park and observe people wandering or birds singing.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creative goal that starts with walking? Engage more closely with your surroundings. Walk just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
1. Why are the two great minds mentioned in Paragraph 1?A.To suggest the way to exercise | B.To show the benefits of walking. |
C.To give the definition of success | D.To stress the importance of creativity |
A.Motivated. | B.Blocked. | C.Controlled. | D.Changed. |
A.Americans spend most of their time enjoying it. |
B.One can't wonder or create without it. |
C.It can build a comfort zone for people. |
D.It will expose people to new chances. |
A.Scenery inspires new ideas. | B.Your creativity lies in sweat. |
C.Exercise feeds creative thinking. | D.Your brain is made for walking. |
【推荐2】Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.
Painswick Rococo Garden
Find beauty and quietness at the UK's only complete surviving Rococo Garden. Discover fanciful garden flowers, woodland walks, and beautifully framed (镶框) views across the valley. Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.
Book at rococogarden.org.uk.
Open: closed 1-25 March, open 26-31 March, 10 am-4 pm, last entry 2:30 pm.
Nymans Garden
Walk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells, and enjoy the hedge (树篱) topped with frost. Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden. Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm, with a festive treat provided.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/ nymans.
Open: daily except 24-25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
Ventnor Botanic Garden
Even in early spring, there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres. Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs, and then warm up with coffee milk in the cafe afterwards.
Book at botanic.co.uk.
Open: daily except 25 March, 9 am-4 pm.
Gibside Garden
Enjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden, featuring plenty of wildlife. Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views. up with hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.
Open: daily except 24 and 25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
1. What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common?A.Valley views. | B.Frosty flowers. | C.Seasonal produce. | D.Pet permission. |
A.Painswick Rococo Garden. | B.Nymans Garden. |
C.Ventnor Botanic Garden. | D.Gibside Garden. |
A.In a research paper. | B.In a travel brochure. |
C.In a science magazine. | D.In a geography textbook. |
It is normal to feel worried and stressed during an exam period. Exams show progress, and failing could mean falling behind in the same course or subject. That is why most people can understand your anxiety around the exam period. However, too much worrying could be the start of failure. Here are some tips to help you stay positive.
From attending classes to completing homework, the period leading to an exam is always a difficult process. This is why preparing well for the exam is key to ensure your efforts do not go fruitless. Going through practice questions beforehand never disappoints for any exam. For example, if you are a physician preparing for the USMLE exams, you could check for the USMLE practice questions before the real exam time just to familiarize yourself with the exam. By so doing, you are more guided on how and where exactly to review.
Although some exams are important and could determine the future of your academic life, it cannot determine your whole life. You might have done a thorough revision but still, the first paper ended up extremely tough for you. At this point, you can only keep a hopeful mind that the next one will be easier and that you will do better.
It can be really motivating for you to know that you have something positive coming up right after going through a difficult exam time. Being able to plan for a trip or buy yourself a gift after an exam is awesome enough. The fact that you are able to face the exams should be encouraging enough and you should appreciate yourself for it.
Exams times are temporary(暂时的) and they are usually for a good course, In any case, you will only be dealing with the exams for a short time and so you should put all your time and energy there.
1. According to the passage, why is it understandable to be anxious around the exam period?2. What does the author advise us to do when the first paper is rather difficult?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>It is encouraging for you to know that something good will happen when you achieve expected results.
4. Please briefly present your ways to stay positive during an exam period.(In about 40 words)
【推荐1】An All-School Reunion was to be held in Barditch High School. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for over fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.
Then Ms. Yates started to speak:
“I can’t tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven’t seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven’t appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar (呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
1. What activity was organized for the school reunion?A.A picnic on the school playground. |
B.Sightseeing in the park. |
C.Graduates’ reports in the old building. |
D.Telling stories about past events. |
A.gave her students advice on their careers |
B.kept track of her students’ progress |
C.attended her students’ college graduations |
D.went to her students’ wedding ceremonies |
A.determined and generous. | B.Reliable and devoted |
C.Strict but caring. | D.Proud but patient |
【推荐2】A new group of young women — members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation — has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been — or than their young male counterparts (相当的人) are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success.
They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public see greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20~30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated (歧视) against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs (协调) that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18~32), conducted Oct. 7~27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational achievement and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world — just as middle-aged and older women do.
1. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A.They can get ahead only by working harder. |
B.They expect to succeed just like Millennial men. |
C.They are better educated than their male counterparts. |
D.They are generally quite optimistic about their future. |
A.They are the target of discrimination. |
B.They find it satisfactory on the whole. |
C.They find their complaints ignored. |
D.They think it needs further improving. |
A.The fulfillment of their dreams in life. |
B.The balance between work and family. |
C.The narrowing of the gender gap. |
D.The welfare of their children. |
A.They account for half the workforce in the job market. |
B.They see the world differently from older generations. |
C.They still view this world as one controlled by males. |
D.They do better in work than their male counterparts. |
【推荐3】People always regret asking me and my wife how we got together. It's a long story, involving other relationships and several countries, and to be honest, it's not that interesting, so I'll spare you the details. We were at a restaurant in Tuscany on our summer holiday last year though, when we met another English couple who had a far more interesting story than us. Lynn and Andy had actually met online before they got together, or at least they thought they had. After a few casual conversations through an online dating agency, they decided to meet for real. Lynn arrived at the restaurant first, and shortly after was approached by Andy, who thought she was someone else. It turns out they'd both arranged to meet different people, but liked the look of each other, and that was that!
And they're not alone. It seems there are all sorts of places you might meet that special someone. Lukas met Sofia for the first time when he crashed into her car — on his bicycle. It was raining and I was coming downhill really fast, so I couldn't really see where I was going. Sofia opened her car door and I went straight into it, and off my bike,explains Lukas. I was unconscious for a few seconds, and when I came round there was this beautiful young woman asking me "Are you OK?" Well, after that, she went to the hospital with me and was just really kind, really caring, and we hit it off. ”
Every cloud has a silver lining, so they say, and Nick McKiddie would most likely agree. He was leaving the office late one night when he got robbed by a group of young men. He wasn't hurt, but they stole his phone and wallet, so he called the police. Susan Harris, a young police officer at the time, attended the call. Nick explains, I don't know whether I was in shock because of what had happened, but I think it was love at first sight. I would never usually be so confident, but I just asked if she wanted to go for a drink sometime, and to my surprise, she said yes! Nick and Susan got married last December.
Animals don't have the same social inhibitions (抑制;顾虑) as humans do, and this was certainly the case when Ri took her dog, Ben, to the local dog park. “As soon as I took his head off, he ran straight to another dog on the other side of the park, and started getting very friendly indeed,” she laughs. “I actually had to pull him away, and that was when I met Ben, the other dog's owner. We had a good laugh about it all, especially when we realised he had the same name as my dog. We became friends after that, and well, the rest is history.”
1. According to the passage, Lynn and Andy .A.first met in a restaurant in Tuscany |
B.regretted talking to each other online. |
C.were arranged to see other people at first. |
D.preferred casual conversations to real meeting |
A.The author and his wife | B.Lukas and Sofia |
C.Nick and Susan | D.Ri and Ben |
A.every day is good beginning |
B.good luck comes with misfortunes |
C.what you value matters in your life |
D.people do not always behave as usual |
A.The methods of joining animals and us. |
B.The places where people get together. |
C.The weird ways people meet. |
D.The special cases of dating. |
【推荐1】Sports fans around the world are struggling to reconcile with the sudden loss of American basketball icon Kobe Bryant. The 41-year-old died on January 26, 2020, when his private helicopter crashed into a hillside in Calabasas, California — about 30 miles away from Los Angele. The crash also killed eight other passengers including his 13-year-old daughter Gianna. The extremely heavy fog condition is believed to have been a major factor.
Bryant, who spent his entire 20-year-basketball career as a shooting guard for the Los Angeles Lakers, was born in Philadelphia. The basketball star, who decided to turn professional after graduating from high school, was selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 13th overall pick, and then traded to the Lakers. At just 18 years old, he was the youngest player to be drafted in NBA history. The trade proved to be lucky for the Lakers. By his third year, Bryant had moved from being a reserve to the starting line-up. He had also firmly established himself as a star. In 2000, Bryant led the Lakers to their first NBA championship since 1988. The dream team continued to dominate the league for the next two years.
In addition to helping the Lakers win two additional NBA titles in 2009 and 2010, Bryant was also a member of the basketball team responsible for bringing home the Olympic Gold medals in 2008 and 2012. By the time he retired in 2016, the 18-time NBA All-Star had played a total of 1,560 games and scored an astounding 33,043 points — a record surpassed by only three players Kareem Abdul-Jabar (38,387), Karl Malone (36,928), and James (33,655) — in the NBA’s 73-year History.
Though there are many ways to honor Bryant, the best way to pay tribute to one of the greatest sports heroes of all time may be to follow his philosophy on life: “Life is too short to be discouraged. You have to keep moving. Put one foot in front of the other, smile, and just keep on rolling.”— Kobe Bryant, 2008.
1. According to the passage, what probably caused the accident?A.Bad weather. | B.Mechanical failure. |
C.The operational error. | D.High mountains. |
A.Kobe Bryant turned professional player in high school. |
B.Kobe Bryant was selected by the Charlotte Hornets at 16. |
C.The Lakers won their first NBA championship in 2000. |
D.Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA championship in 2002. |
A.Kobe Bryant took part in the 2016 Olympic Games. |
B.Kobe Bryant was the first NBA All-Star in history. |
C.He helped the Lakers win five NBA championships. |
D.Kobe Bryant was the first shooting guard in NBA history. |
A.Lebron James. | B.Karl Malone. |
C.Kareem Abdul-Jabar. | D.Kobe Bryant. |
【推荐2】There is a common belief that clutter (杂物) adds unnecessary stress to our lives and is holding us back from our dreams and goals. But is it true? Sabine Kastner of Princeton University, an expert on the subject who has been studying how the brain processes clutter for 20 years, may answer this question. “Not all clutter is bad. And our brains can deal with it.” She says, “The media often writes about clutter in a very simple, black-and-white way: Clutter affects the mind and we need to clear it out. But it is much more complex than that. For starters, our brains are designed to deal with clutter.”
“The attention system in our brains actually likes clutter because that is what it is used to. And it is using this cluttered environment to make meaningful selections from it.” In terms of how best our brains perform around it, Kastner says there is not a one-size-fits-all solution. The idea that an uncluttered workplace is better is not “universally true.”
Some people need to see their work. If something is carefully put away, to them it does not exist anymore. Out of sight, out of mind. For other people, objects can stimulate their creativity and give them ideas.
Even there are other people who actually like that clutter. And they clutter their environment because it actually helps them. It almost like stimulating their brain to do something.”
However, other people are unable to work in a cluttered environment. Kastner notes that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them. These people may need more organization and less clutter to work well.
Some people do not care either way. Whether the area is cluttered or clear they work the same. And for others it may depend on the project. For administrative work, they might need a clear workspace. But for more creative projects, they may need many things around them.
Our brains are all so different and that is what makes us who we are.
1. The passage begins with the belief to ________.A.introduce the main topic | B.show the author's attitude |
C.describe the harm of clutter | D.explain how to clear clutter |
A.it affects the mind |
B.it may get people less distracted |
C.it is almost stimulating our brain to do something |
D.it is using this cluttered environment to make meaningful selections |
A.they can’t see clutter when they work. |
B.they depend completely on clutter to finish their work. |
C.objects around them can stimulate their creativity and give them ideas. |
D.a cluttered environment can enable your brain to improve gradually. |
A.Objective (客观的) | B.Disgusted (厌恶的) |
C.Contradictory (对立的) | D.Critical (批判地) |
【推荐3】Students wishing to safeguard(保护) their careers against changes in the job market should choose science rather than arts degrees, according to a survey of undergraduates(大学生).
Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most “future proof”, as they are the courses most likely to lead to an enduring(持久的) and adaptable career.
Students polled by Pearson College were broadly optimistic(乐观的) that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dramatically (显著的,戏剧性的) during their working lives.
But opinions were sharply divided over which degrees were best for future-proof careers.
82 per cent of respondents believed engineering would lead to a future-proof skills, with 74 per cent believing the same of chemistry and 73 percent of computer science.
But just 33 per cent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a future-proof career, and 40 per cent English.
However more than two thirds (67 percent) of students thought the world of work would be significantly different or completely unrecognizable in 20 years.
The findings, published today, come after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and choose science or math subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs.
She said that in previous decades students would only take math or science if they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy, but nowadays that “couldn’t be further from the truth”.
“If you want to do something different, or even if you didn’t know what you wanted to do...then the arts and humanities were what you chose, because they are useful-we were told-for all kinds of jobs. Of course now we know that that couldn’t be further from the truth, and that the subjects that keep people’s options open and unlock doors to all sorts of career are the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) subjects.”
She also described math as “the subject that employers value most” and said that pupils who study A-level math will earn 10 per cent more over their lifetime.
“These figures show us that too many young people aged 15 are making choices which will hold them back for the rest of their lives,” she said.
1. In order to guarantee your future job, which will you choose according to the survey?A.Engineering or English. | B.History or math. |
C.Math or art. | D.Engineering and chemistry. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Worried. |
C.Optimistic. | D.Objective. |
A.It is far away from the truth. | B.It’s close to the truth. |
C.It couldn’t be close to the death. | D.It reflects the truth. |
A.If you want to do something different, the arts and science are what you choose now. |
B.STEM subjects can make young people choose their future job freely. |
C.At College, young people should make choices for their lives. |
D.Math and science are considered to be the subjects that employers value most. |