The ancient tale of the Country Mouse and the Town Mouse was only the first to emphasize rural folk's supposed simplicity when compared with more sophisticated urbanites. However, neuro-scientists announce that, in fact, it is city living that can dull the wits.
The new study led by Dr. Spiers at Nantes University describes how they used a dataset from 4 million people of a computer game, which tests navigating skills by asking players to memorise a map showing the location of checkpoints and then measuring how well players can find them, guided only by their mental map. Dr. Spiers and his colleagues examined the 4 million people from 38 countries, and found that the strongest indicator of a high score was a player's age—older people performed relatively poorly, which agrees with what researchers know about age-related cognitive decline. But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset some of that. Data showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.
There is a huge gap between the navigation skills of rural and city people, and the researchers think they know why. Dr. Spiers says that the brain's navigational abilities probably weaken in the less challenging city environment because they are not being used as much. Although cities may appear more elaborate, they also feature more clues to help residents find their way, such as numbered streets. In the countryside, however, one field tends to look much the same as another, so there are fewer external landmarks to help guide the way.
Neuroscientists already know that living and working in more complex environments can influence the function and structure of the brain. Brain scans of London taxi drivers, who have gained an encyclopedic memory of the city5 s streets, show that they tend to have an enlarged hippocampus—a region of the brain acting as a neural GPS, sensing position and path on an internal map of the environment.
The harmful effect of city living on navigation is probably most serious in people under 16—18, Dr. Spiers says, because their still-developing brains respond and change the most according to external stimuli. And while people who live in cities with young children should not be alarmed, the study does raise some interesting ideas for urban planners: keep their city designs not so simple perhaps. And for everyone else, it might be an idea to turn off maps on the phone.
1. The study led by Dr. Spiers shows that _______.| A．the seniors score higher at computer games |
| B．rural life benefits people's sense of direction |
| C．participants are better at finding ways in cities |
| D．the young remember checkpoints better in maps |
| A．achieve | B．confirm |
| C．reduce | D．replace |
| A．To introduce a new way of driver training. |
| B．To expose the drawbacks of living in the urban area. |
| C．To show the contrast between lives in the country and city. |
| D．To present environments' impact on one's ability to locate places. |
| A．Lost in the City |
| B．Brain Weakened in Cities |
| C．Navigating to the Countryside |
| D．The Negative Effects of City Living |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If you have a dog, you’ve probably tried to train it. There are some basics, such as sitting, staving not going to the bathroom on your rugs. And if your dog learns things quickly, you might start to think it’s really smart. But if you really want to know about dog intelligence, you have to look at non-dogs as well to understand what’s special to dogs and what is just typical of groups they belong to.
Stephen Lea. a retired professor of psychology from the University of Exeter, and his team looked at hundreds of published studies to compare dog cognition (认知) with that of other animals. They found that dogs are good at picking up on social commands.
Lea explained, “They are good, for example, at using human pointing or following human gaze, looking at what you’re looking at. We’re not saying dogs aren’t good at those tasks, they are. What we were saying is that there are some other animals that are just as good at them, like bottle-nose dolphins and gray seals.”
Lea also said, “It’s not something that’s unique to dogs or indeed very unexpected in dogs, given the sorts of animals dogs are. In other words, they’re domesticated (驯化的). They’re original from social hunters. And importantly, they’re carnivores (食肉动物). They belong to a big group of mammals that also includes cats, hyenas, otters, bears, and also the seals and sea lions, which we sometimes forget about, but which, of course, are also very easy to train despite not being domesticated.”
And while dog cognition may not actually be exceptional, their noses definitely are. Their sense of smell—they can tell the extraordinary things, like which of two identical twins they’re looking at or sniffing (嗅) at. Lea also points out there are some tasks that dogs apparently cannot do, such as using tools or exhibiting self-awareness. However, he said, “There’s always the possibility that someone, somewhere is at this moment trying to prove that a dog can do something that we said it couldn’t. But if you can find it, we will happily change our minds.”
1. Which of the following statements does Lea agree with in the passage?| A．Dogs can use tools and exhibit self-awareness. |
| B．Dogs are also thought to be clever even if knowing few basic commands. |
| C．Dogs are better at comprehending human pointing than bottle-nose dolphins. |
| D．Dogs can tell similar things like which of two identical twins they’re looking at. |
| A．Dogs are born with the ability. |
| B．Dogs copy other animals’ behavior. |
| C．Dogs are domesticated by human beings. |
| D．Dogs are taught the ability by their parents. |
| A．Neutral. | B．Positive. | C．Doubtful. | D．Negative. |
| A．The way to evaluate a dog’s IQ. |
| B．The way to domesticate a smart dog. |
| C．The way to improve a dog’s cognition. |
| D．The way to study a dog’s smell. |
【推荐2】Millions of migratory(迁徙的)birds occupy seasonally favorable breeding(繁殖)grounds in the Arctic, but scientists know little about the formation, maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance. In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art techniques-satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing(基因排序)-and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons in Eurasian Arctic.
The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes from four of these populations to study the migration of this species. They found that the birds used five migration routes across Eurasia, probably established between the last Ice Age 22, 000 years ago and the middle-Holocene 6, 000 years ago. “Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in October, " said Professor Mike Bruford, an ecologist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcons that depart from different breeding grounds use different routes, and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regions. Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal(扩散). ”
The researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant differentiation. They used whole genome sequencing and found a gene-ADCY8, which is known to be involved in long-term memory in other animals in previous research- associated with differences in migratory distance. They found ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migration.
“Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified, ”Professor Bruford said. The researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the impact of global warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether.
“Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds, ” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world. ”
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．Five birds’ historical migration routes were rebuilt. |
| B．Peregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winter. |
| C．Two novel research methods of migration were invented. |
| D．Peregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September. |
| A．It is a newly-discovered gene in the new study. |
| B．It serves as a fundamental part of long-distance migration. |
| C．It could be strengthened by the power of long-term memory. |
| D．It turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals. |
| A．It has discovered a new genomic region of birds. |
| B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms. |
| C．It analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falcons. |
| D．It encourages attention to environmental effects on migratory birds. |
| A．Researchers Help Conserve Migratory Species |
| B．Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds |
| C．How Long-term Memory Helps Long-distance Migration |
| D．How Ecological Factors Affect Birds’ Migratory Distances |
【推荐3】Have you got an addictive nature? Are you unable to stop yourself joining in your favorite computer games? This probably describes most of us because its only human nature to not want to miss out on something that everyone else is talking about.
Most crazes arrive suddenly and enthusiasm for them spreads quickly. They become a talking point on social media; we read about them, give them a try and, before we know it, we are hooked (钩住). In the past, these have been objects such as toys and games. Maybe you were the proud owner of a Rubik’s cube, which became the best-selling toy of all time-around 350 million have been sold so far.
Now, technology is driving the latest crazes. Games such as Angry Birds and Minecraft are crazes available on smartphones and computers that have been hard to put down.
Our addiction to crazes has been analyzed by scientists. One of them, Dr Ben Michaels, a clinical psychologist, explains that we want to experience the benefit that another person, or group of people, have experienced from something and this “hooks into an ancient evolutionary (进化的) fear of being left behind or abandoned by our tribes”; we have to join in or lose out.
Although becoming addicted to a computer game might not seem like a ‘benefit’, it can at least give you popularity among your friends. It allows you to learn new skills and gives you something to talk about at parties!
But fashions come and go and most crazes are just a flash in the pan so if one of them is not your cup of tea, don’t worry: there’ll be a new craze arriving very soon. Look at the addiction to loom bands (橡皮筋) - those little bands you could make jewellery and other things out of. For a brief period they were the must-have item for any schoolchild, now they’re the bargain bucket item in a discount shop or worse still, trash filling up our landfill sites! What crazes have you been addicted to?
1. What can we learn from the passage?| A．A lot of people usually talk about the latest crazes on the Internet. |
| B．The toy “Rubik’s Cube” was not very popular when it was launched. |
| C．The majority of crazes usually last for a long time. |
| D．Loom bands are always thrown away in some discount shop. |
| A．We just want to benefit from what others have experienced. |
| B．We have the evolutionary fear of being left behind or missing out by our groups. |
| C．Some crazes are so attractive that we can’t refuse them. |
| D．Crazes can bring us so many benefits. |
| A．Getting popularity among your friends |
| B．Learning new skills |
| C．Having something to talk about at parties |
| D．Improving communication ability |
| A．The Addiction to Computer Games |
| B．The Fear of Missing out |
| C．The Benefits of Crazes |
| D．Nature of Humans |
【推荐1】We all need to eat, and when we go to buy food at the supermarket, we’re offered many choices. But we often buy food that’s been produced in huge amounts and that’s traveled many miles before it ends up on our plate; So for some, growing their own food is a better choice and it tastes good too!
From growing vegetables in little pots to taking care of a small plot of land, there are many ways to produce home-grown food. It can be backbreaking work digging, weeding and watering the soil, but the result is fresh, home-grown fruits and vegetables, helping us keep a ‘five-a-day’ diet.
Nowadays demand for homegrown food has seen a comeback in the UK. Miriam Dobson from the University of Sheffield, told the BBC that some people have been spending a lot of their time on growing plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables-which, at times, have been challenging to buy in supermarkets.
But for those with limited space, a solution to grow your own vegetables lies closer to home-using pots. Sheila Brand lives in a third-floor flat in Rotterdam. She has managed to grow tomatoes and eggplants and is already harvesting raspberries. She told the BBC watching the plants grow "is very exciting: ‘Oh it’s got a new, leaf!’
As well as the benefits of saving money and enjoying tasty food, growing your own not only improves your well-being and immediate environment, you can actually grow a lot of vegetables. So, maybe it’s time for us all to get planting and develop our green fingers!
1. What does the underlined word “backbreaking” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Challenging. | B．Impressive. | C．Attractive. | D．Tiring. |
| A．It tastes more delicious. |
| B．It catches on again in the UK. |
| C．It wastes lots of time and effort. |
| D．It can be fresher and healthier than that in supermarket. |
| A．To show an example. |
| B．To recognize her arrangements. |
| C．To prove the popularity of BBC. |
| D．To stand for the University of Sheffield |
| A．Growing your own food can do much good to us. |
| B．Growing your own food can be a family movement. |
| C．Growing your own food can make your fingers green. |
| D．Growing your own food can improve your gardening skills. |
【推荐2】Growing Vegetables in Space
Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space? Well, you may not go, but you may be able to eat vegetables grown from seeds that have! China, the USA and Russia have all become interested in whether it is possible to eat food grown from seeds that have been in space. Indeed since 1987 China has sent 1,000 species of seeds into space to do experiments. These include green peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, lettuce and wheat.
The most advanced work on growing vegetables in space has been undertaken on the International Space Station run by Russian and American astronauts. One of the most exciting moments was when soybean seeds were brought back to Earth and planted. These seeds were the first to come from a crop grown entirely in space.
The scientists chose to grow soybeans in space because they are an important source of protein in the human diet. Mark Nall, director of Space Product Development Programme for National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), said that “this experiment and others are paving the way for improving crops grown on Earth, as well as potentially feeding people living in space.” The problem is that producing a new strain of soybean is a slow procedure on Earth so the scientists hope that it can be speeded up in space. Perhaps the seeds may also develop some characteristics that will be useful for farmers-for example, produce more oil or protein.
However, the scientists are aware that there may be problems. “Conditions in outer space such as radiation and low gravity may cause big changes in the seeds,” said Jin Xing, a Chinese researcher. He knows that genetically modified food is still being debated and so some people will be very suspicious of these “space vegetables”. However Jin has a more positive view. He thinks that unlike genetically modified crops, no new genes are being introduced into space vegetables so they will be safe.
The Chinese government certainly thinks so because they have been cooperating with NASA to produce a new strain of virus-free potatoes. Their scientists hope that in space it may be possible to produce a new crop every 40-50 days instead of one crop a year. So watch out for these special potatoes on the supermarket shelves. Maybe some day you will find them on your dinner table!
1. The scientists chose to grow soybeans in space because ________.| A．scientists know more about soybeans |
| B．it’s easy to begin agricultural experiment from soybeans |
| C．the soybeans share some common characteristics with other plants |
| D．the soybeans contain protein needed by the human body |
| A．to build a new road | B．to make things easier |
| C．to explore a new area | D．to solve a problem |
| A．astronauts have tried eating some space vegetables |
| B．space vegetables are like genetically modified crops |
| C．no new genes are being introduced into space vegetables |
| D．scientists have found that it’s safe to eat space vegetables |
| A．the new programme may produce a sound crop |
| B．people are looking forward to the new product |
| C．people can buy the new product in the supermarket |
| D．the new product will have a wide market |
【推荐3】The book Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No, authored by an experienced decision strategist Bruce Mullen, is more than just a theoretical exploration of simplicity; it’s a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills. The goal of this book is not merely to promote the philosophy but to equip readers with the tools they need to carry it out effectively. From techniques to prioritize tasks to methods for removing distractions, the book offers a comprehensive toolkit for simplifying the decision-making process.
In a world where indecisiveness often leads to confusion and missed opportunities, the book’s philosophy distinguishes between a decisive “Yes” and a clear “No”. At its essence, this title encourages readers to grasp the power of conviction and the art of clear choices. The book urges us to channel our energies into the positive ‘Yes’ and decrease our efforts with undecided commitments.
Author Bruce Mullen’s journey began with a conversation with his brother, causing a serious reflection that gave rise to a philosophy centered around simplicity. Titled “Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No”, this guiding principle explores the importance of decisions in one’s life. Through his personal experiences, Mullen determined the power of simplification, directing him to decisions harmonizing with his core values and ambitions. Beyond individual context, this book extends its reach, influencing business strategies, relationship dynamics, and societal considerations. Mullen’s exploration into the essence of the phrase not only drew parallels to the legal ‘Yes Means Yes’ principle but also emphasized the significance of clear intention in negotiating life’s crossroads.
Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No is more than a book; it’s a philosophy that can revolutionize how we approach decisions. Rooted in the simplicity of its title, the book briefs the essence of purposeful decision-making. It offers a set of tools to take apart complexity and embrace the power of confirmation and decisive negation. For those who seek to live a life with clarity and purpose, this book is a guiding light in the fog of indecision.
1. What is the book aimed at?| A．Teaching strategy theories. | B．Solving philosophical problems. |
| C．Empowering readers with decision-making skills. | D．Equipping readers with techniques to simplify life. |
| A．Doubt. | B．Speech. | C．Certainty. | D．Action. |
| A．A family talk. | B．A hard decision. | C．A painful lesson. | D．A sudden thought. |
| A．Serious and daring. | B．Inclusive and practical. |
| C．Objective and humorous. | D．Plain and straightforward. |
【推荐1】Feeling left out?
A reader wrote that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn't around．Here's our advice to her—and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes．
It's hard when a best friend isn't around—maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends, but how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there's always room for more friends.
Start by looking around your classroom-think about which kids you’d like to play with at break．Look for chances to say hi to them，smile，and be friendly．Offer to share something or express your appreciation (欣赏)to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you're at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in．
If you have trouble doing this or if you're feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help-and pretty soon, you'll have one, or two, or even more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn't have before she left: You can introduce her to your new friends!
1. The expression “feeling left out” means “____” in Chinese．| A．受冷落 | B．被调侃 | C．挨批评 | D．遭攻击 |
| A．have trouble with their studies |
| B．are too young to look after themselves |
| C．need their parents to be with them |
| D．don't have their best friends around |
| A．sharing your ideas | B．talking before many people |
| C．studying better at school | D．developing new friendship |
| A．they are shy or not good at making friends | B．they have no time to stay with others |
| C．teachers know who wants a new friend | D．they miss their old friends a lot |
【推荐2】The Harker School is searching for part-time teachers to join our team. Here are the top 5 reasons to work at Harker:
• A stepping stone to a career in education.
• Opportunities to learn from experienced teachers.
• A schedule that works for students in college.
• Free breakfast and lunch provided to staff.
• A place to be creative, inspired, and have fun!
Duties & Responsibilities:
Supervise (监督)student’s activities and play in a non-academic setting.
Provide a positive environment for students to learn and develop lifelong skills.
Ensure the physical and emotional safety of the children at all times.
Terms of Employment:
These positions are part-time for the 2018 academic school year which runs from August 15th, 2017 to June 8th, 2018. There are no benefits associated with this position. Required availability Monday through Friday, 3:00 pm~6:00 pm, with additional hours depending on applicant’s availability — including Monday through Friday, 7:30 am~8:30 am and 11:45 am~1:15 pm.
Minimum Qualifications:
•Must be at least 18 years of age.
•Must hold current certification in both first aid and CPR or obtain certification within 1 month of employment.
•Must have previous experience of working with children in a school or camp setting.
•Ability to communicate and work with groups of all ages and skill levels, and provide necessary direction and instruction to students.
•Ability to communicate in effective English with staff, parents, and children.
We will respond only to those candidates who meet the requirements of the position.
1. What is the advantage of working in the Harker School?| A．Chances of learning abroad. |
| B．Paid annual leave and bonus. |
| C．Free accommodation and meals. |
| D．Inspiration and happiness from the work. |
| A．Wednesday, 6:00pm~7:00pm. |
| B．Tuesday, 1:15pm~3:00pm. |
| C．Friday, 4:00pm~5:00pm. |
| D．Monday, 8:30pm~11:45pm. |
| A．The ability to speak French. |
| B．Related previous experience. |
| C．A sense of direction and humor. |
| D．A current certification in first aid. |
【推荐3】Lancaster Castle is open daily for guided tours, special events and group bookings. Visitors can enjoy the courtyard spaces, external (局部的) views of the historic building, two small exhibition spaces, and the gift shop without charge, but public access to the interiors(内部) of the castle buildings is for guided tours only.
Please note that dogs are not allowed inside the Castle, but assistance dogs are the exception to this rule. All areas are also smoke-free.
OPENING TIMES
We are open 7 days a week (except for the Christmas/New Year period) from 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., with guided tours running throughout the day. Tours last about 60minutes.
Please note: While every effort is made to open these buildings up for public viewing, Lancaster Castle is still used as a Crown Court. If the Court is sitting, it may not be possible to view all rooms.
TICKET PRICES
Adult: ￡8
Concessions（优惠） ( children, students and people aged over 65): ￡6.5
Family: ￡20 (Our family tickets are flexible(灵活的): two adults and two concessions, one adult and three concessions, or a group consisting of four concessions, all qualify)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
PHOTOGRAPHY
Due to the fact that these rooms are still used as a working court, photography is not permitted anywhere in the Shire Hall/ Crown Court complex. Photography is permitted in those areas of the Castle not classified as court buildings.
LUGGAGE
For security reasons we are not able to store any luggage on site.
THE GIFT SHOP
The gift shop closes at 4:30 p.m. Visitors can explore our gift shop and buy special souvenirs designed according to their own preference. The designs are done by professional designers without charge.
PARKING
Unfortunately we’re unable to provide visitors parking on site. However, if you have a disability, please call 01524 64998 to arrange access to the Castle.
1. What do we know about Lancaster Castle?| A．Admission to two small exhibition spaces is free. |
| B．Castle buildings are accessible to all visitors. |
| C．Smoking is allowed in the courtyard spaces. |
| D．Pet dogs are allowed into the Castle. |
| A．￡2.5 | B．￡29 | C．￡9 | D．￡20 |
| A．Free professional photography. |
| B．Free souvenir designing. |
| C．Free luggage storage. |
| D．Free parking. |
【推荐1】Environmentally Friendly Denmark
What Are They Doing and
How Is It Helping?
 THEY PREFER TO CYCLEOn average, Danes living in Copenhagen cycle almost 2 miles a day. Danes are far more likely to own a bike than they are a car, in fact 40% of Danes own a car and 90% a bike. Source: Cycling Embassy of Denmark |
 THEY DON’T WASTE FOODDanes are very good at avoiding wasting food. Supermarkets offer 80% reductions at the end of the day to try to minimize waste. An app called “TooGoodToGo” also allows restaurants to give away unwanted food at closing time. |
| THEY ARE AWARE Danes are mindful about knowing where their food has come from. It is not uncommon for children to be taken to witness killing and dissections of animals at zoos so they understand where the food on their plate began its life. Source: New Yorker |
 THEY EAT ORGANICDanes eat more organic food than any other country in the world. This is because organic food is not significantly more expensive than other options, making it a good choice for everyone. Source : The Local |
| THEY USE CLEAN ENERGY By 2050, Denmark wishes to become independent of fossil fuels. This is far from unreachable as earlier this year the country ran entirely on wind energy for a whole day.
|
Source: The Danish Ecological Council1. The article is written to _______.
| A．show the readers how Denmark stays environmentally-friendly |
| B．persuade the readers to adopt Danes’ environmental-protection methods |
| C．entertain the readers with creative environmental-protection methods taken by Danes |
| D．identify organizations providing information about the environmentally-friendly Denmark |
| A．Demark is able to function properly for long without the use of fossil fuels. |
| B．Danish supermarkets are trying to reduce its amount of food to cut waste. |
| C．Many Danes take their children to zoos to show them where food comes from. |
| D．Unlike other countries, organic food in Denmark is cheaper than non-organic food. |
【推荐2】More than 2,400 years ago, a sickness struck(侵袭) Athens. The disease is said to have killed up to one third of all Athenians, including their leader Pericles. The huge loss of life helped to change the balance of power between Athens and its enemy, Sparta, in the ancient world.
Historians say the sickness began in what is now Ethiopia. They say it passed through Egypt and Libya before it entered Greece. Knowledge of the disease has come mainly from the writings of the ancient Greek historian Thucydides, who survived it.
So what caused the fall of Athens? Now, a study based on genetic testing says it was probably typhoid(伤寒) fever.
Greek researchers announced the results. Journal of Infectious Diseases published the findings online last week.
Researchers from the University of Athens tested human remains from an ancient burial place in the Greek capital. The researchers collected genetic material from teeth. They say tests found genetic evidence similar to that of the modern-day Salmonella(沙门氏菌). Manolis Papagrigorakis led the University of Athens team. He says the findings throw light on one of the most debated mysteries in medical history.
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease that is common today in developing countries. Experts say there are more than 21,000,000 cases each year.
Typhoid can be spread(传播) by food or drink that has been touched by a person with the bacteria(细菌) that cause it. Bacteria in human waste can pollute water supplies. So water used for drinking or to wash food can also spread the infection. Hand washing is an important way to reduce the spread of typhoid. And there are vaccines(疫苗) that can help prevent it.
Some people recover but continue to carry the bacteria. These carriers can get sick again. And they may continue to infect others. Doctors can do tests to make sure the bacteria have left the body.
1. The author mentions the fall of Athens in order to ________.| A．record the unknown history of Athens | B．show the seriousness of typhoid |
| C．tell the situation of the ancient war | D．explain what type of disease typhoid is |
| A．Egypt → Libya → Ethiopia → Greece | B．Greece → Egypt → Libya → Ethiopia |
| C．Ethiopia → Egypt → Libya → Greece | D．Ethiopia → Greece → Egypt → Libya |
| A．Through air. | B．Through soil. |
| C．Through skin contact. | D．Through water. |
| A．teeth can hold the largest amount of typhoid bacteria |
| B．typhoid is now a common deadly disease in the world |
| C．there are some solutions to preventing typhoid fever |
| D．most of the typhoid patients won’t get sick once again |
【推荐3】There is no better way to broaden your horizons and open your mind than traveling around the world. Here are a couple of tips to get you started.
Get Insurance
Make sure that youget right travel insurance for your trip. What you get covered depends on your own values, but there is a lot out there to consider. Medical, lost luggage, the list goes on. Another thing to look into is where to get your insurane from. Banks and other institutions (机构) can provide it, but so can credit cards, so check and see if you may already be covered.
Online Booking
There are a lot of online booking sites you can check out to book your vacation. Because there is so much competition, you can often get good deals on packages. This is especially true if you are flexible on dates. Expedia.com is one website that can be trusted to get a good deal. One tip: if you find a deal that is too good to be sure, do a search on the company to make sure it is a legal offer.
Packing
Pack clothes that can dress up or dress down. Also, very important: make sure you bring good shoes for your destination.
Diary
Your vacation is going to the filled with amazing experiences that will be so vivid at the time, but will slowly disappear after you return home. Try to keep a diary at regular intervals to think back your experiences. This is the best gift you can give yourself.
So have fun planning your first trip and keep these tips in mind. Happy travels!
1. What’s the purpose of the passage?| A．To give some tips on a trip. | B．To explain how to travel across the world. |
| C．To plan your first trip. | D．To know how to start your holiday. |
| A．You can only book your vacation online. | B．Expedia.com is the most popular site. |
| C．You should be careful with any deal. | D．Your fixed time is good for you. |
| A．You can send it to your friends as a gift. |
| B．You have enough time to do so. |
| C．You may forget to bring your good shoes. |
| D．It can help remember your travel experiences. |
