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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:60 题号:10451937

Are you smarter than your parents and grandparents? According to James Flynn, a professor at a New Zealand university, you are! Over the course of the last century, people’s IQ test scores have gotten steadily higher --- on average, three points higher each decade. This improvement is known as the “Flynn effect”, and scientists want to know what is behind it.

IQ tests are designed to measure general intelligence rather than knowledge. Flynn believes that intelligence partly comes from our parents and partly is the result of our environment, but the improvement in test scores has been happening too quickly to be explained by heredity. So what has occurred in the 20th century to help people achieve higher scores?

Scientists have proposed several explanations for the Flynn effect. Some suggest that the improved test scores simply reflect an increased exposure to tests in general and the learning of test-taking techniques that help us perform better on any test. Others have pointed to better nutrition. Babies now are born larger, healthier, and with more brain development than in the past. Another suggested explanation is a change in educational styles, with teachers encouraging children to learn by discovering things for themselves rather than just memorizing information, which improves their problem-solving skills.

Flynn has limited the possible explanations after carefully examining test data and discovering that the improvement in scores has taken place in only certain parts of the IQ test. Test-takers are not doing better on the maths or vocabulary sections of the test; they are doing better on the sections requiring reasoning and problem solving. For example, one part of the test shows a set of shapes, and test-takers must find the patterns and connections between them.

According to Flynn, this visual intelligence improves as the amount of technology in our lives increases. Every time you play a computer game, you are exercising exactly the kind of thinking and problem solving that helps you do well on one kind of intelligence test. So are you really smarter than your parents? In one very specific way, you may be.

1. What is the function of the third paragraph?
A.To list the findings of Professor Flynn’s research.
B.To provide possible explanations that disprove Flynn’s ideas.
C.To outline different theories explaining the increase in IQ scores.
D.To describe how research was carried out in the measuring of intelligence.
2. According to the passage, newer educational techniques include _________.
A.exposing children to fewer tests
B.giving children clearer teaching instructions
C.getting children to memorize lots of information
D.encouraging children to find out things themselves
3. The writer believes that computer games _________.
A.have discouraged people from taking exercise
B.have made young people become less intelligent
C.have helped improve people’s visual intelligence
D.have caused young people to have poorer vocabularies
4. Which statement would Professor Flynn agree with?
A.People today are taking easier tests.
B.People today have fewer problems to solve.
C.Not all aspects of intelligence have increased.
D.The language ability of people has improved.

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【推荐1】请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Wind turbines are efficient sources of cheap energy but also a source of concern as their huge spinning blades (叶片) frequently kill birds and bats. A new type of wind generator developed in Spain offers a creative solution to that problem.
In 2002, Spanish inventor David Yanez saw a short film about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in the U.S., collapsing in strong wind. It was a vivid example of the powerful vibrations wind can create when it blows past a long pole, such as a car antenna or even a stick of bamboo. It gave him the idea for a new type of wind-energy generator.
“The initial philosophy or spirit was to create a generator of dreams that had all the qualities one would want: It should be as cheap as possible, need as little maintenance as possible, the setup as simple as possible,” he said.
Yanez and his friend Raoul Martin took the idea to an engineering firm, where they were told it would never work. Undiscouraged, they started experimenting on their own in a small wind tunnel they built.
Good initial results were repeated by a larger working model called Vortex (涡旋) installed in a nearby field. “What we have is a mast (桅杆), which is the top piece and acts as a blade,” Yanez said. “It’s constructed from the same material as a conventional generator, and what it does is it oscillates (振荡), transmitting the oscillation to a conventional alternator, which by its own oscillation converts the wind’s energy into electric energy.”
Yanez said the output of the 6-meter-tall generator, and even that of smaller models, was better than expected. The Vortex creates about 30 percent less energy than a comparable bladed wind turbine, but it is lighter and cheaper to build and maintain. It is made mostly of reinforced plastic and has very few moving parts. Also, it does not create noise and—even more important for many environmentalists—it does not present a threat to passing birds.
The current prototype works at wind speeds ranging from 1.5 to 7 meters per second. The inventors say the next step is building a 12.5-meter tall bladeless generator with a 4-kilowatt capacity that could power small businesses or individual homes, or provide supplemental power to a main grid. The commercial version of the Vortex Bladeless generator should be ready for the market by 2017.
1. The author mentions a short film about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to show ________.
A.what the initial philosophy or spirit was
B.what inspired Yanez to create the generator
C.how the bridge was destroyed in strong wind
D.how wind creates powerful vibrations
2. What do we know from the passage?
A.The original idea was considered as practical in an engineering firm.
B.Yanez and Martin’s initial tests by themselves proved to be successful.
C.The material for constructing the mast is different from that of the past.
D.The new generator is better at creating energy than a comparable bladed one.
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Bladeless wind-power generator is friendly to birds.
B.Wind turbines are efficient sources of cheap energy.
C.A new generator will come onto the market by 2017.
D.Yanez has made a generator for the benefit of people.
2016-12-12更新 | 156次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是当孩子们变成青少年时,陌生的声音会变得比妈妈的声音更有吸引力,这其中是有科学依据的。

【推荐2】Young kids’ brains are very sensitive (敏感的) to their moms’ voices, science has shown. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more sensitive to strangers’ voices than those of their own moms’, new research shows.

The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their moms or by unfamiliar women. The words were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless words allowed the scientists to study the voices, not what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us to find rewards and pay attention.

Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanford University, says that younger kids’ brains respond more strongly to their moms’ voices than to strangers’. However, in adolescence (青春期), we show the exact opposite.

“These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop responding to moms’ voices,” Abrams explains. “It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.”

But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.

The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. “As we grow up, our survival depends less and less on our moms’ support.” says Leslie Seltzer, a biological anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Instead we rely more and more on our friends and others doser to our own age.”

“So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”

1. What does the underlined word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Question.B.Story.C.Saying.D.Nonsense.
2. Why do teens become more sensitive to unfamiliar voices?
A.They need more connections.B.They desire real understanding.
C.They are tired of their moms.D.They have more energy to spare.
3. What are moms’ voices like to teens according to the 2011 study?
A.Exciting.B.Unpleasant.C.Comforting.D.Strange.
4. What is Daniel Abrams’ opinion on teens’ change in their voice preference?
A.It deserves scientific prevention.B.It is normal and understandable.
C.It is discouraging and problematic.D.It negatively affects their growth.
2023-06-07更新 | 54次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中 (0.65)
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在人类活动的影响下一些动物正在进化,以避免灭绝。

【推荐3】We humans have an outsize influence on this planet, and our winged, finned, and four-legged neighbors are in their tough time. Many animals have died out in response to the pressures, but some survivors are adapting. Some animals are showing off never-before-seen behaviors, shifting their diets, and even evolving different shapes, sizes, and colors.

The shifts can’t be avoided and are likely permanent: There’s no going back to when wildlife was still completely wild. “There’s no place anywhere on the planet in its original condition. There are micro plastics at the bottom of the ocean, and Antarctica is melting. The world has changed because we’re in it,” says Tag Engstrom, a biologist at California State University.

African elephants in Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park are some daring members of the animal kingdom, who have found a will and a way to change right along with it.

Normally elephants use their 6-foot-long tusks to dig wells in search of water, lift objects, rip bark off trees, and even battle lions. In other words, the ivory appendages (附属品) are not just impressive to look at — they are highly useful tools. So it might seem strange that a significant number of African elephants in Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, once an illegal hunting wildlife area, are now being born without tusks.

According to a 2021 DNA analysis published in the journal Science, that the elephants are born without tusks is no coincidence. After decades of being shot by ivory brokers, the leading elephants in some herds have passed down a trait that prevents the females’ prize possessions from growing in — and helps them avoid being hunted. No one knows yet how widespread these genes might be in the greater population of African elephants, or how the loss of tusks might affect the mammals’ survival overall. But the findings are a powerful, if depressing, reminder of the extremes a species might endure to escape from extinction.

1. How do the animals respond to humans influence?
A.Many animals have evolved four legs.
B.Animals can survive despite the tough time.
C.Some animals are developing different shapes.
D.Animals live in harmony with human beings.
2. Why are the shifts likely permanent?
A.We human beings are evolving.
B.Wildlife are not going back to the wild.
C.Plastics appear at the bottom of the ocean.
D.The planet is no longer what it was like before.
3. What can we infer from the 2021 DNA analysis?
A.The elephants evolve the new trait by chance.
B.Elephants in some herds are all born without tusks.
C.Genes will be widespread in the greater population.
D.The new trait may help elephants survive the extinction.
4. In which column of a magazine can we most likely to find the text?
A.Travel.B.Science.C.Puzzles.D.Well-being.
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