How do doctors and hospitals decide who gets potentially lifesaving treatment an-组卷网

题型：完形填空难度：0.65 引用次数：52 题号：10502888

How do doctors and hospitals decide who gets potentially lifesaving treatment and who doesn't? Facing this _______ position recently— who gets a ventilator(呼吸机) or a bed in hospital— Italian doctors sought advice on conscience and were told to consider a/an_______ . that draws on utilitarian(功利主义) principles.

In the words which are easy to understand, a utilitarianism approach would maximize(使最大化) overall health by directing _______ toward those most likely to _______ the most from it. If you had only one ventilator, it would go to someone more likely to _______.

In addition, they say pulling the _______ of front-line health care workers first is _______to maximize the number of lives saved. We may _______ a shortage of such workers, and some have already fallen _______.

In a recent article in The New York Times, a British researcher said, “There are arguments about ________ the young over the old that I am personally very uncomfortable with,” he added. “Is a 20-year-old ________more valuable than a 50-year-old, or are 50-year-olds actually more useful for your economy, because they have ________ and skills that 20-ycars-olds don't have?”

Dr. Emanuel ________ with that statement: “The 20-rcar-old has lived fewer years of life; they have been seized of a full life ________. If they nearly have the same prediction of the course of the disease, then the fact that 20-year-old has not had a full life counts in their favor for getting ________ that are rare at this special moment.”

A．present

B．difficult

C．firm

D．modern

A．approach

B．concept

C．structure

D．order

A．money

B．medicine

C．operation

D．care

A．suffer

B．hear

C．benefit

D．differ

A．disappear

B．survive

C．breathe

D．die

A．income

B．health

C．dream

D．promise

A．moving

B．temporary

C．diverse

D．necessary

A．face

B．improve

C．solve

D．help

A．asleep

B．silent

C．ill

D．apart

10.

A．proving

B．valuing

C．promoting

D．marking

11.

A．really

B．usually

C．possibly

D．casually

12.

A．memory

B．relatives

C．experience

D．friends

13.

A．disagree

B．declared

C．struggled

D．protested

14.

A．with power

B．on time

C．in use

D．by force

15.

A．devices

B．equipment

C．materials

D．resources

19-20高二下·四川绵阳·阶段练习查看更多[1]

更新时间：2020-07-03 07:55:50 |

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【知识点】医疗议论文

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完形填空(约200词) | 适中 (0.65)

文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有一个唇腭裂的孩子，经医生Anastassov的介绍，在Smile Train的帮助下，作者的孩子得到了治疗和康复。不仅如此，作者的孩子还实现了自己作飞行员的梦想。这些使作者得到了极大的鼓励，并将自己和孩子的经历分享给更多的人。

【推荐1】I was shocked to see my baby Dani with a cleft(唇裂) at his birth. After the delivery, I wasn’t _______ to see my baby. All I could do was to ask for information about Dani. Dani had his surgery on the seventh day! It was a terrible experience. I buried myself in great _______.

Things _______ when I met Dr. Anastassov, who brought Smile Train—sponsored cleft care to Bulgaria. Dr. Anastassov was my _______ from the moment we met. He helped me build the confidence in Dani’s _______. At six, Dani finished his speech therapy(矫治) and could speak as _______ as everyone else.

Dani wanted to be a _______. When he began his formal training, the medical exam was very _______ for him. They knew he was different, even if they couldn’t immediately tell how. So they worked him harder than the others. But Dani showed great _______ and passed. He is now ________ his dream as a pilot!

Being Dani’s mother is a(n) ________. He has been so successful because we ________ him to understand that people with clefts should not be ________, because they can do anything.

Now I ________ Smile Train to help those like my son. I ________ my experience with them. I’m happy to work here and make change for the better every day.

A．persuaded

B．invited

C．allowed

D．forced

A．relief

B．pain

C．security

D．loneliness

A．changed

B．continued

C．worsened

D．mattered

A．challenge

B．choice

C．evidence

D．inspiration

A．attitude

B．gift

C．recovery

D．virtue

A．loudly

B．firmly

C．clearly

D．gently

A．pilot

B．trainer

C．doctor

D．spaceman

A．valuable

B．difficult

C．interesting

D．practical

A．excitement

B．difference

C．contribution

D．strength

10.

A．living

B．spreading

C．breaking

D．discovering

11.

A．chance

B．fact

C．mission

D．honor

12.

A．promised

B．raised

C．ordered

D．begged

13.

A．pitied

B．supported

C．compared

D．controlled

14.

A．set up

B．work with

C．turn to

D．care about

15.

A．replace

B．draft

C．confirm

D．share

2024-04-19更新 | 83次组卷

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【推荐2】Placebos（安慰剂）Prove Powerful

Many doctors know the story of “Mr. Wright”. In 1957 he was diagnosed with cancer, and given only days to live. He had tumours（肿瘤）the size of oranges. He heard that scientists had discovered a new medication, Krebiozen, that was _______ against cancer, and he begged the doctor to give it to him. His physician, Dr Phillip West, finally agreed. After Mr. Wright had been given an injection on a Friday afternoon, the _______doctor found his patient out of his “death bed”, joking with the nurses the following Monday. “The tumours”, the doctor wrote later, “had _______ like snow balls on a hot stove.”

Two months later, Wright read medical reports that the medication was fake. His condition immediately got worse again. “Don’t _______ what you read in papers,” the doctor told Wright. Then he injected him with what he said was “a new super-refined double strength” version of the drug. _______,there was no drug, just a mix of salt and water, but again it worked. Wright was the picture of health for another two months until he read an official report saying that Krebiozen was _______. He died two days later.

This story has been _______ by doctors for a long time, dismissed as one of those strange tales that medicine cannot explain. The idea that a patient’s _______ can make a fatal disease go away has been thought of as too strange. But now scientists are discovering that the placebo effect is more powerful than anyone had ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such miraculous results are _______. Through new techniques of brain imagery, it can be shown that a thought, a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the ________. Scientists are learning that some body reactions are not caused by information coming into the brain from the outside world, but by what the brain ________ to happen next.

Placebos are “lies that ________,” said Dr Anne Harrington, a historian of science at Harvard University. “The word placebo is Latin for “I shall please” (or I shall make you happy) and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to ________ patients to please them,”she said. “It looks like medication, but has no healing ingredients whatsoever.” Nowadays, doctors have much more powerful medicines to fight disease. But these treatments have not diminished（减弱）the power of the placebo, quite the ________. Maybe when scientists fully understand how placebos work, the powerful healing effects of the human ________will be used more systematically!

A．vague

B．unique

C．effective

D．impossible

A．astonished

B．disappointed

C．exhausted

D．experienced

A．expanded

B．melted

C．accumulated

D．moved

A．take down

B．look for

C．make out

D．care about

A．Actually

B．Moreover

C．Meanwhile

D．Consequently

A．beneficial

B．popular

C．worthless

D．available

A．studied

B．ignored

C．invented

D．spread

A．struggles

B．promises

C．rights

D．beliefs

A．achieved

B．neglected

C．emphasized

D．mixed

10.

A．brain

B．doctor

C．body

D．process

11.

A．advises

B．expects

C．instructs

D．forbids

12.

A．heal

B．hurt

C．exist

D．fade

13.

A．optimistic

B．careful

C．peculiar

D．anxious

14.

A．point

B．opposite

C．time

D．adventure

15.

A．relation

B．strength

C．being

D．mind

2019-08-17更新 | 261次组卷

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完形填空(约300词) | 适中 (0.65)

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文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。作者自小患病，经历了很多次检查和治疗，文章讲述了作者难忘的一次采血经历。

【推荐3】I’ve had a chronic (慢性的) illness since I was a baby. It has caused me to ________ a lot of medical tests and treatments. When I was thirteen, I had a medical event and started breathing ________. I was taken to a children’s hospital and immediately put in a private room. After a few tests, I was put on oxygen, and connected to a bunch of monitors. Then，a new ________ came in.

Visibly nervous，he said, “Hi. I’m going to take some blood today.” I said, “Okav, no problem. I’m ________ blood work.”

The nurse continued to look ________ and started walking uneasily around the room, getting out supplies. I noticed that the ________ he pulled out was extremely large and wasn’t what is usually used for blood work when someone is ________ to a hospital.

He sat down, and I could see that his hands were shaking violently. He then cleaned my entire ________ with orange antiseptic (消毒剂), the kind used for surgical sites, I asked, “Why not just use the ________ alcohol wipes?” He didn’t answer but started putting a tourniquet (止血带) on my arm and handed me a stress ball. “________ that as hard as you can.”

The nurse was now ________ like a leaf in the wind. He said, “This is going to hurt…a lot. Stay ________; that’s really important. Don’t move at all, even if it ________.” “Okay...”

I had no idea what was going on or why a simple blood draw would hurt so badly. It seemed like it took forever, but ________ the tubes filled with blood and he pulled the needle out. Then, he just wrapped my arm and left, without acknowledging anything that had just happened.

It truly was one of the most ________ and horrible things I’ve ever experienced in a medical setting, and I never went back to that hospital.

A．experience

B．propose

C．handle

D．offer

A．usually

B．abnormally

C．deeply

D．steadily

A．specialist

B．dentist

C．physician

D．nurse

A．anxious for

B．consistent with

C．used to

D．dependent on

A．uncomfortable

B．joyful

C．critical

D．impolite

A．pipe

B．tube

C．pill

D．needle

A．applied

B．admitted

C．related

D．adjusted

A．finger

B．ankle

C．arm

D．wrist

A．regular

B．legal

C．extreme

D．adequate

10.

A．Twist

B．Lift

C．Smooth

D．Press

11.

A．patting

B．trembling

C．beating

D．sweating

12.

A．quiet

B．awake

C．still

D．conscious

13.

A．hurts

B．bleeds

C．strikes

D．proceeds

14.

A．recently

B．instead

C．later

D．eventually

15.

A．deniable

B．memorable

C．avoidable

D．indistinguishable

2022-04-21更新 | 116次组卷

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【推荐1】Many people enjoy taking trips by themselves. Unluckily, they do not always have the best_________. Instead, people should consider group tours. Taking a group tour is a wise choice for people to __________themselves.

First, group tours plan travelers’ routes, so people don’t have to_______where they are going next or how they are getting there. They can just_______and enjoy their trip._______, my family once took a group tour to China. The travel agency (旅行社)_______everything for us. We just looked at the schedule the travel agency had_______and followed it. Thanks to the travel agency, we had a _______trip. This made things _______on my father since he didn’t have to worry about where we would go next and ________at night.

Another________of group tours is that they allow people to communicate with one another while traveling. Travelers are able to develop________with people they would never have met________they are traveling together for a number of days. As I know, my parents ________Russia on a group tour for their honeymoon (蜜月). They________another couple on that trip, and everyone had a great time together. Even after many years, they still________together from time to time. If my parents had traveled by themselves, it would have been________for them to get to know this couple.

In short, there is ________better than a group tour when traveling. Group tours schedule everything on the trip, and they give us the________to meet others and make friends with them. Group tours are the ________way to travel when taking a trip.

A．maps

B．cars

C．places

D．vacations

A．help

B．enjoy

C．praise

D．encourage

A．guess

B．prove

C．worry about

D．talk about

A．relax

B．stop

C．walk

D．show

A．In all

B．So far

C．As usual

D．For example

A．made use of

B．took care of

C．ran out of

D．caught sight of

A．provided

B．found

C．changed

D．bought

A．short

B．strange

C．pleasant

D．terrible

A．earlier

B．easier

C．slower

D．worse

10.

A．work

B．practice

C．stay

D．perform

11.

A．rule

B．question

C．purpose

D．advantage

12.

A．skills

B．programs

C．friendships

D．treatments

13.

A．because

B．unless

C．while

D．although

14.

A．1eft

B．visited

C．forgot

D．missed

15.

A．met

B．invited

C．followed

D．recognized

16.

A．dance

B．learn

C．cook

D．travel

17.

A．certain

B．important

C．impossible

D．unnecessary

18.

A．something

B．nothing

C．somebody

D．nobody

19.

A．gift

B．hope

C．method

D．chance

20.

A．best

B．last

C．only

D．new

2017-07-03更新 | 285次组卷

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【推荐2】I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an attractive, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some _______ ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still equate (同等看待) happiness with fun. The _______ is that fun and happiness have _______ or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is _______ we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, _______ forget our problems and maybe even _______. But they do not bring happiness, because their _______ effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to _______, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant _______ to glamorous (迷人的) parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”.

But celebrities (名人) reveal the ________ hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.

The way people stick to the ________ that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually ________ their chances of ever obtaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain ________ be equated with unhappiness. But, ________, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness ________ some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very efforts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, charitable work, and self-improvement.

A．mistaken

B．right

C．desperate

D．shallow

A．state

B．belief

C．tendency

D．truth

A．a little

B．some

C．little

D．much

A．which

B．that

C．what

D．as

A．gradually

B．temporarily

C．consequently

D．thoroughly

A．change

B．enjoy

C．refresh

D．laugh

A．special

B．deep

C．strong

D．positive

A．play

B．make

C．reach

D．expect

A．signature

B．participation

C．access

D．appearance

10.

A．secrets

B．unhappiness

C．presentation

D．disagreement

11.

A．prejudice

B．sense

C．theory

D．belief

12.

A．reduces

B．robs

C．consumes

D．increases

13.

A．may

B．must

C．can

D．will

14.

A．under God

B．for free

C．in fact

D．by far

15.

A．abuse

B．involve

C．cause

D．equal

2020-06-27更新 | 111次组卷

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【推荐3】We should show respect to everybody, especially our elders because they are ahead of us — in age, in wisdom and maturity, in experience and education. Our ____ have done a lot for us, directly or indirectly and most of us ____ everything to their kindness and love.
When we ____ them respect, whether it is by bowing to them, or ____ them with a smile, or offering them any help they need, it is one way of ____ our own love and gratitude to them. ____, elders have also been through all the years you are ____ and know a little more about the world than you do.
It is ____ that you do not agree with the belief of your elders, but this is nothing new. All younger generations have always ____ with their elders and it is these differences that bring changes in human ____ However much you disagree with them, give them credit for their ____
With changing times and ____ influences, youngsters no longer know what is interpreted as disrespect to elders. Youngsters should ____ express their views and if there are arguments, they should not ____ their voices.
If there is no space on sofas or chairs, children will immediately ____ their places, and sit on the carpet. In buses and trains, youngsters are ____ to give up their places to older people. This is not a ____ of who has more rights. It is simply that those who are younger have the strength to bear ____, or tolerate unpleasantness, so it is natural to show consideration to those who are older and perhaps at a ____ disadvantage.
When you do simple things as a mark of respect, elders become ____ that youngsters care for them, and they respond with affection and kindness.1.

A．youngsters

B．parents

C．elders

D．juniors

A．owe

B．devote

C．pay

D．contribute

A．point

B．explain

C．exhibit

D．show

A．receiving

B．greeting

C．declaring

D．showing

A．describing

B．expressing

C．sending

D．suggesting

A．Besides

B．Therefore

C．However

D．Though

A．experiencing with

B．suffering from

C．going through

D．worrying out

A．maybe

B．possible

C．likely

D．probably

A．quarreled

B．disagreed

C．lived

D．dealt

10.

A．public

B．organization

C．community

D．society

11.

A．information

B．reality

C．emotion

D．experience

12.

A．special

B．cultural

C．environmental

D．position

13.

A．silently

B．slightly

C．quietly

D．coldly

14.

A．raise

B．rise

C．support

D．force

15.

A．give up

B．get rid of

C．give away

D．send out

16.

A．forced

B．expected

C．needed

D．reminded

17.

A．question

B．doubt

C．wonder

D．challenge

18.

A．suffering

B．upset

C．discomfort

D．trouble

19.

A．serious

B．light

C．slight

D．heavy

20.

A．sensible

B．alive

C．knowing

D．aware

2016-12-12更新 | 163次组卷

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