【推荐1】The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report stating that the world is quickly running out of time to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius. To get there, the world would have to cut current emissions by 45 percent by 2030.That sounds absurdly unlikely.

But before we give in to hopelessness，we should remember that the technology to deal with climate change is going along at high speed. The largest source of U. S. carbon emissions is transportation，and a Green New Deal for motor vehicles would be quite straightforward. The reason is simple：with some government subsidies (补贴), electric cars and buses are now cost-competitive with fossil-fuel vehicles. Electric buses have made the greatest speed into the market, because they are a logical choice for electrification. By the end of 2018, electric vehicles were replacing about 280,000 barrels of oil demand per day — about 84 percent of which was mainly consumed by buses.

The electric car market is also reaching maturity, with appealing designs, longer range, and a quickly-expanding rapid charging network in many countries. It’s worth emphasizing that most of the infrastructure (基础设施) necessary to recharge electric vehicles already exists. People often tend to think that we need to replace every gas station, but actually all homes and businesses already have an electrical connection which can be easily improved for fast charging. All that is needed to go fully electric is enough battery capacity and fast charging stations to deal with long trips.

Now America would have to repair its electricity production, freight rail, shipping, and so on to fully decarbonizes (脱碳) the transportation sector, which will be considerably more difficult than simply rooting out fossil fuel vehicles from the market.

But greening America’s vehicle would be straightforward, relatively cheap, and a huge step forward on climate. The politics of climate change are so fearful that being hopeless can seem logical, but the first step to achieving a tough goal is the confident belief that it can be done. And this particular step wouldn’t even be that tough.

1. How’s the goal of keeping global warming below 1.5 Celsius according to Paragraph 1?

A．Reasonable.	B．Safe.
C．Realistic.	D．Impossible.

2. Compared with fossil-fuel vehicles, electric vehicles now ______.

A．are cost-competitive with government subsidies

B．run at a greater speed on the road

C．deal with longer trips

D．look more appealing

3. What should we do to promote electric cars now?

A．Replace as many as gas stations.

B．Build more infrastructures for recharging.

C．Make businesses have electrical connections.

D．Solve the problem of long trips.

4. According to the passage, what is the author’s attitude to electric vehicles?

A．Negative.	B．Supportive.
C．Uncertain.	D．Indifferent.

【推荐1】The journey of self is often nothing more than an exercise in patience and in the management of expectations. Many years ago, I was getting ready to leave home for college. I had the hope that I could finally answer the questions that had been bothering me since the beginning days of my high school years: what did I want to do; who did I want to be; what would make my life truly meaningful? I felt certain that I would be picking up the answers along the way. And there was this belief that the me who had spent many a day thinking over such things would one day suddenly pop out from his chrysalis (蝶蛹)like a caterpillar (毛毛虫) does when it becomes a butterfly. But alas, my change from caterpillar to butterfly was like being stuck in an endless queue for a ride at a Disney park. It took me a long time to realize that there is no such thing as a fast-pass in life.

——Daisy

The journey of self is often nothing more than a tug-of-war (拔河)match between who we see ourselves to be, and how others view us. I had been considerably shy growing up, and often had trouble talking with new people. This made my high school years even more difficult as I had moved from my hometown and had registered in three different high schools over that period of time. It was at this time that I started to follow my own interests and to better understand and develop my own sense of self. However, the self is in fact partly formed by how others see us. There is a natural tension (矛盾)between our inner sense of self, and how other people see us. The general rule is that the truer you remain to your internal sense of self, the more likely it is that people will like and admire you.

---Emily

1. What does the underlined sentence mean?

A．It’s not easy to understand oneself truly.

B．The writer doesn’t like being kept waiting.

C．The years the writer spent in the high school were long and hard.

D．The experience of waiting in the park is an exercise in patience.

2. According to Emily, which is the most important in the life journey?

A．Staying true to oneself.	B．Having one’s own interest.
C．Understanding what others think of you.	D．Enjoying experiences in different schools.

3. What do Daisy and Emily have in common?

A．Neither of them cares much about others.

B．Neither of them had a happy high school life.

C．Both of them took a negative attitude to high school life.

D．Both of them reflect on their own life deeply.

【推荐3】In 1969, when Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon . the astronomical body was for Chinese just a glowing orb （圆形物）overhead to stare at and muse about. Now, fifty years later, China has become the first nation to land a robotic spacecraft on the far side of the moon.

As the world celebrates the historic US moon landing on July 20, 1969, Chinese lunar explorers said their moon exploration program, including plans for a robotic lunar research station prototype （原型）by 2030 to prepare manned missions, is open to international cooperation.

The lunar research station will become a base for astronauts to visit briefly and ultimately for a long-term stay, according to Li Chunlai, director of the Ground Research and Application System of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Project, and three of his colleagues. "International cooperation is an important element in China's strategy of lunar and deep space exploration," they wrote in an article published on Friday in a special issue of the US journal Science to mark the anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing.

In 2004, China unveiled a three-phase robotic lunar exploration program —orbiting, landing and returning- naming it the Chang e Project. Four missions were conducted between 2007 and 2019, with Chang e-4 deploying（部署）a lander and the Yutu-2 rover on the surface of the far side of the moon in early January. The fifth mission, scheduled for early next year. is to return rocks to Earth from a lunar area that has not yet been sampled（取样），according to the article s authors.

The authors wrote that China is open to cooperation with NASA on lunar exploration. "Both sides can start cooperating on aspects such as exchange of scientific data and space situational awareness information," the article said. "China also looks forward to exploring more opportunities to cooperate with NASA to preserve the space environment for generations to come. ”

Already, China's latest lunar mission Chang e-4 has carried out experiments from Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands （荷兰), it said. In April, the China National Space Administration announced cooperation opportunities for China s sixth lunar mission and its asteroid（小行星）exploration mission. It also signed lunar exploration cooperation agreements with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. Turkey, Ethiopia and Pakistan.

1. What does the underlined phrase "muse about" in Para. I mean?

A．Worry about.	B．Complain about.
C．Doubt about.	D．Think about.

2. What is China's fifth lunar mission?

A．To explore the asteroids of the moon.

B．To bring rocks to the earth from the moon.

C．To build a robotic research station prototype.

D．To carry out experiments from Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands・

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．China hasn't decided whether to explore more opportunities to cooperate with NASA.

B．China signed lunar exploration cooperation agreements with Turkey, India and Pakistan .

C．China's latest lunar mission Chang'e-4 has done experiments from some European countriess.

D．Chang'e-4 deployed a lander and the Yutu-2 rover on the surface of the near side of the moon in early January.

4. What can be the best title for the news report?

A．China invites nations to join in moon exploration

B．The world celebrates the historic US moon landing

C．China's present and future lunar exploration programs

D．China unveils a three-phase robotic lunar exploration program

【推荐1】Many people with autism (自闭症) have trouble making eye contact, reading the emotions in other faces, and sharing affection. And no drugs are approved to treat such social impairments. Now, results from a Stanford University study suggest increasing levels of vasopressin (加压素) -a hormone (荷尔蒙) active in the brain known to promote bonding in many animals-can improve social deficits in children with autism.

Recently, Karen Parker, a scientist at Stanford University, and her colleagues have turned up evidence that monkeys that were less social had lower levels of vasopressin. The group also found children with autism who had the most social impairment had the lowest vasopressin levels.

The Stanford team gave a nasal (鼻的) spray containing vasopressin to 17 children with autism, aged 6 to 12 years. Another 13 children with autism served as a control group and got a placebo (无效对照的) spray, before and after the 4-week treatment, the research team asked parents to rate the children on a questionnaire called the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), which asks, for example, how often the children "would rather be alone than with others."

It turned out that vasopressin-treated children showed significantly more improvement-a seven-point-greater reduction-on the SRS-2 than those in the placebo group, the team reported in Science Translational Medicine. Those results "are very exciting," especially because the team didn't see major side effects, says Angela Sirigu, who is also investigating hormones for autism treatment.

Children with higher levels of vasopressin at the start of the study saw greater improvements. That's unexpected, Sirigu says—you'd expect children who were the most deficient in the hormone to benefit the most from the increase. Or maybe vasopressin is a marker for some other, yet-unknown feature of the children that predicts how much they'll improve with the treatment

The only weakness Pelphrey found with the Stanford study was its sample size: "if it were double, I would be jumping up and down." Still, he says, "I'm kind of rocking back and forth in my chair with excitement."

1. The underlined word "deficits" in the first paragraph can be replaced with      .

A．advantages

B．surplus

C．weaknesses

D．strengths

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？

A．the purpose of the experiment	B．the samples of the experiment
C．the principle of the experiment	D．the method and steps of the experiment

3. According to the results of the Stanford study, increased vasopressin      .

A．had no side effect on children with autism

B．most benefited children with the most social impairment

C．had a positive effect on children in the test group

D．had a negative impact on children in the test group

4. What is the Stanford group most likely to do to perfect their study？

A．Run another trial of vasopressin enrolling 100 children.

B．Give tested children a longer treatment to reach the maximum benefits.

C．Decrease vasopressin in tested children to see the opposite results.

D．Increase vasopressin in adults with autism to see its influence.

【推荐3】It’s nothing unusual for people to multitask nowadays. But the ability to do a number of things at the same time could be different between the two sexes.

A team of UK researchers recently compared the performances of 120 women and 120 men in a computer test about switching(转换) between tasks of counting and shape recognition.

Men equalled women when tasks were done one at a time. But when the tasks were mixed up, there was a clear difference. According to the paper published in the journal BMC Psychology, both women and men slowed down and made more mistakes as the switching became more rapid. But men were slower, taking 77 percent longer to answer, while women took 69 percent longer.

To make the experiment more connected to day-to-day life, researchers tried a second test. A group of women and men were given eight minutes to complete a series of everyday tasks, such as finding restaurants on a map, doing simple math problems, answering a phone call, or deciding how they would search for a lost key in a field.

Once again, women performed better than men in the test, especially in the key-searching task.

Where do women get the ability to keep organized under pressure better than men? Researchers believe that it has its origins in evolution(进化). In ancient times, women had to keep an eye on children while cooking meals. Meanwhile, men only needed to focus on hunting.

However, as with all studies, the results don’t necessarily apply to every single person in the world. “We don’t mean that men can’t multitask, or that only women can,” researcher Keith Laws of the University of Hertfordshire, UK, told BBC News. “We are saying that the average woman is better able to organize her time and switch between tasks than the average man.”

1. In the tests, researchers found that ________.

A．women were better at switching between tasks than men

B．women made more mistakes than men when multitasking

C．men were better at counting and shape recognition than women

D．men completed a series of daily tasks more quickly than women

2. What is the main purpose of paragraph 6?

A．To give advice on how to improve the ability to multitask.

B．To show how men and women think and respond otherwise.

C．To compare the roles of men and women in human communities.

D．To explain why men and women perform differently in multitasking.

3. Which of the following would Keith Laws most probably agree with?

A．All women are born to be good at multitasking.

B．Some men are as good at multitasking as women.

C．Men shouldn’t do jobs that call for multitasking skills.

D．Every woman is better able to multitask than every man.

【推荐1】It turned out there were a lot of things I had yet to learn about life,or at least life on the Princeton campus in the early 1980s.After I spent several energizing weeks as a summer student,surrounded by a few dozen other kids who seemed both accessible and familiar to me,the fall semester officially began, opening the floodgates to the student population at large.I moved my belongings into a new dorm room,a one-room triple in Pyne Hall,and then watched through my third-floor window as several thousand mostly white students poured onto campus,carting stereos and duvet sets and lots of clothes.Some kids arrived in limos(豪华轿车)One girl brought two limos to accommodate all her stuff.

Princeton was extremely white and very male.There was no avoiding the facts . Men on campus outnumbered women almost two to one Black students made up less than 9 percent of my freshman class.It during the orientation program we’d begun to feel some ownership of the space,we were now glaring anomaly(异类)－poppy seeds in a bowl of rice.While Whitney Young had been somewhat diverse,I’d never been part of a predominantly white community before.I’d never stood out in a crowd or a classroom because of the color of my skin.It was jarring and uncomfortable,at least at first,like being dropped into a strange new terrarium,a habitat that hadn’t been built for me.

As with anything,though,you learn to adapt.Some of the adjustment was easy-a relief almost.For one thing,nobody seemed much concerned about crime.Students left their rooms unlocked,their bikes casually kickstanded outside buildings,their gold earrings unattended on the sink in the dorm bathrooms.Their trust in the world seemed infinite,their forward progress in it entirely assured.For me,it was something to get used to. I’d spent years quietly guarding my possessions on the bus ride to and from Whitney Young.Walking home to Euclid Avenue in the evenings,I carried my house key placed between two fingers and pointed outward,in case I needed it to defend myself.

At Princeton,it seemed the only thing I needed to be careful about was my studies.Everything otherwise was designed to accommodate our well-being as students.The dining halls served five different kinds of breakfast.There were enormous spreading oak trees to sit under and open lawns where we could throw Frisbees to relieve our stress.The main library was like an old-world cathedral,with high ceilings and glossy hardwood tables where we could lay out our textbooks and study in silence.We were protected,cocooned,catered to.A lot of kids,I was coming to realize,had never in their lifetimes known anything different.

Attached to all of this was a new vocabulary, one needed to master.What was a precept?What was a reading period?Nobody had explained to me the meaning of”extra-long”bedsheets on the school packing list. which meant that I bought myself too-short bedsheets and would thus spend my freshman year sleeping with my feet resting on the exposed plastic of the dorm mattress.There was an especially distinct learning curve when it came to understanding sports.I’d been raised on the bedrock of football,basketball,and baseball,but it turned out that East Coast prep schoolers did more.Lacrosse was a hing.Field hockey was a thing.Squash,even,was a thing.For a kid from the South Side,it could be a little dizzying.”You row crew?”What does that even mean?

1. What do we know about Princeton students in the early 1980s?

A．The university took pride in a great diversity of students.

B．The number of the boy students was about twice that of the girls.

C．White students lived a simple life on campus.

D．Black students accounted for less than 9 percent of the total students at Princeton.

2. In Para 3,the author thinks”Some of the adjustment was easy-a relief almost”,because

A．no white student was worried about crime on campus

B．it was easy for her to adapt to the new environment

C．she didn’t have to be alert to possible dangers any longer

D．everybody relieved her of her inferiority

3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Princeton was a wonderful place where students’ needs were greatly satisfied.

B．Princeton students have opportunities to take part in various activities.

C．Students at Princeton worked hard and were under considerable pressure.

D．A lot of students at Princeton were accustomed to this kind of life except the author.

4. What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph?

A．The author knew nothing about the sports mentioned in this paragraph

B．The author had difficulty understanding the words used by white students.

C．The author needed to enlarge her vocabulary in order to get a better grade.

D．The author had a lot to learn about the new university life.

5. How did the author feel when starting the fall semester at Princeton?

A．Defensive and cautious.	B．Unbearable and rebellious.
C．Isolated and shy.	D．Awkward and confused.

6. What type of writing is this text?

A．A fiction.

B．A news report.

C．An autobiography.

D．A critical essay.

【推荐2】Trade has a pretty bad name in some quarters. Trade robs poor people of a proper living, and keeps them trapped in poverty. There is a widely held popular view that trade is unfair.

Though many claim that a freer trade would change the current indecent reputation of world market, the cure-all free trade is the dream of most textbook economists. In fact, “free trade” has been used successfully by powerful countries to land their mass-produced goods on fresh overseas dumping grounds and squeeze out local household businesses and craftsmanship.

At home the story is different. Large firms have little appetite for free trade and competition in their own backyard. They prefer to enjoy the advantages and protections for which they have carefully earned. Free thus fierce competition has little appeal for those who understand that they will make more profit if they can corner the market, whether at home or abroad.

By contrast, making trade fairer is about addressing both outcomes and processes of trade. Fairness is not just moral request. It affects behaviour. Actually the concept of fairness increases steadily as societies achieve greater market uprightness: Businessmen from upright societies are willing to punish those who do not play fair, even if this is costly to themselves.

Fairer trade rather than freer trade could partly mend mal-administering of resources in certain areas. Though thought of as evil economic policies in the west world, carefully planned special preferences and protectionism could be used intelligently to help to block the economic robbery of the rich class in African countries, and to improve the lives of the bottom billion.

Fairness is also important in the control of trade. The current International trade negotiations have resulted in rules favoring the powerful. The rules are made in negotiations in which the countries in control call the shots, and do not always do so in good faith. Industrialized countries were often found to have obtained definite and far-reaching commitments from developing   countries, in exchange for vague promises, such as to liberalise agriculture, which they have not kept. On the other hand, the essence of the fair trade lies in the promise that every party benefit from the business, rich or poor, powerful or weak.

Making trade fairer is important to avoid a further public hate against trade. It is also important so as better to balance trade goals with other important national goals such as environmental and social protection. Finally, the so-called free trade system needs to be made fairer so that it does not block competition, and crush innovation and business spirit. It needs to offer a more level playing field to commercial newcomers and competitors in rich and poor countries alike.

1. Free trade is a concept at rich countries’ service to________.

A．open up new markets abroad

B．define trade in the economic textbooks

C．dump pollutants in poor countries

D．learn the skills from local household businesses.

2. The key mechanism of fair trade is________.

A．punishing the rich countries when they cheat the poor countries

B．making sure that rich countries provide more chances for poor countries

C．promoting special preferences and protectionism in poor areas

D．guaranteeing the common interests of all the dealers

3. The underlined word “mal-administering” in the passage is closest in meaning to________.

A．macro-management

B．overall collection

C．uneven distribution

D．negative mining

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Large firms earn huge profits from free trade on domestic markets.

B．Honest dealers would sacrifice their own interest to discipline the dishonest.

C．Special preferences and protectionism are occasionally adopted in western countries.

D．A fairer trade helps to ease competition between the rich and the poor.

【推荐3】Human societies developed food preferences based on what was available and what the group decided it liked most. Those preferences were then passed along as socially learned behaviors, values, knowledge and customs that make up culture. Besides humans, many other social animals are believed to exhibit forms of culture in various ways, too.

In fact, according to a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bonobos(倭黑猩猩), one of our closest living relatives, could be the latest addition to the list.

The researchers studied the hunting and feeding habits of two neighboring groups of bonobos in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives of the two bonobo groups—the Ekalakala and the Kokoalongo. They also both have the access and opportunity to hunt the same kind of prey(猎物). This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.

The groups consistently preferred to hunt and feast on two different types of prey. The Ekalakala group went after an anomalure(鳞尾松鼠). The Kokoalongo group on the other hand, favored a duiker(小羚羊).

“It’s basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways,” says Samuni. “Think about two cultures living close to each other but having different preferences: One prefers chicken while the other is more of a beef-eating culture.”

Using statistical modeling, the researchers found that the only variable that could reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala or team Kokoalongo.

The researchers haven't yet investigated how the bonobo groups learned this hunting preference, but through their analysis they were able to rule out ecological factors or genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.

“If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits(特征), then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture,” Samuni says.

1. What do paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about?

A．The background of the study.

B．The process of the study.

C．The findings of the study.

D．The challenges of doing the study.

2. How does Samuni perceive the two bonobo groups’different hunting preferences?

A．They are an unusual phenomenon.

B．They are a learned social behavior.

C．They contradict human cultures.

D．They show bonobos’high intelligence.

3. Which of the following could influence the bonobos' prey preference?

A．The timing of hunting.

B．Their hunting techniques.

C．The communities they belong to.

D．Their surrounding environment.

4. What might the findings of the bonobos' hunting preference indicate?

A．When human society was born.

B．How human society developed.

C．What helped human culture change.

D．How human culture first appeared.