【推荐1】There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:

I’ll never lose weight--I come from a fat family

Wrong! While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habit of eating too much and exercise too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake mom accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different mute. If you do yoga, try a Tai chi class. If you like swiping, set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain, no gain

Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is you body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice.

1. What does the author think about being fat?

A．It is the family genes that make people fat.

B．People are fat because they consume too little energy.

C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

D．It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.

2. According to the author, how can we make exercise mom interesting?

A．By taking varied exercise.	B．By choosing simple exercise.
C．By doing regular exercise.	D．By sticking to outdoor exercise.

3. What is the author's opinion about "No pain, no gain" in exercising?

A．Keeping lit is essentially a painful experience.

B．Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

C．Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

D．Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To declare the importance of keeping lit.

B．To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

C．To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.

D．To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

【推荐2】As any person suffering from lack of sleep knows, dark circles under the eyes usually stand out after a bad night's sleep．

But why do people get these dark eye bags？The answer is both genetic （that is， relating to your DNA） and environmental （a result of your everyday living， such as rubbing your eyes or getting too little sleep），said Dr. Carol Clinton，a skin-care researcher in Dublin，Ohio．

But "the biggest reason is genes." Clinton told Live Science．Eye bags are generally more noticeable in people who，because of genes，have thin or pale skin．When people are tired or very nervous，blood circulation in the eye area becomes slow，allowing blood to pool there．Clinton said．Capillaries （毛细血管） stand out，leading to dark eye circles, she said．Besides，eye bags result from eyes' fat moving forward. An age-connected increase in fat beneath the eyeballs leads to eye bags．"Anyway，when your eyes' fat is moving forward，you may think about having an operation in that area，" Clinton said，"A person can get 9 hours of sleep a night，but still have eye bags because of a genetic development."

In other cases，environmental problems cause eye bags．For example, allergies （过敏）－especially seasonal allergies－can cause capillaries to stand out．Getting too much sun can also damage and thin the skin，making dark circles under the eyes easy to see．Besides，eating salty foods can cause the body to hold more water, which makes eye bags worse，according to the Mayo Clinic．

1. In Clinton's opinion, what is the main cause of the formation of dark eye bags？

A．Genes．	B．Habits．
C．Age．	D．The environment．

2. What can rid you of your eye bags according to the text？

A．Getting much sun．

B．Drinking plenty of water．

C．Having an operation on the fat in the eye area．

D．Slowing your blood circulation in the eye area．

3. What can we learn from the text？

A．It's possible to change genes．

B．Rubbing your eyes might cause dark eye bags．

C．Young people don't get dark eye bags．

D．You can't get dark eye bags if you get enough sleep．

4. What's the best title for the text？

A．What Can You Do to Protect Your Eyes？

B．The Importance of Sleep to People's Health

C．Several Measures to Remove Your Eye Bags

D．Why Do People Get "Bags" Under Their Eyes

【推荐3】One in four children and young people could have problematic smart-phone use, according to research that also suggests such behaviour is associated with poorer mental health.

The amount of time children and teens spend using their devices has become an issue of growing concern, but experts say there is still little evidence as to whether spending time on screens is harmful in itself.

The experts behind the latest study said they wanted to look beyond the time young people were spending on smart-phones and instead explore the type of relationship they had with smart-phones.

The results suggest more than 23% of young people have an abnormal relationship with their smart-phones, and that this appears to be associated with poorer mental health-although the research cannot say whether phone use is driving such problems.

“It seems like only a minority of teenagers and young people from various different countries are self-reporting a pattern of behaviour that we recognise from other addictions,” said Dr Nicola Kalk of King’s College London, co-author of the study. “The quality of the evidence is poor, but it is enough to warrant (保证) further investigation.”

Writing in the journal BMC Psychiatry, the team reported how they looked at data from 41 studies involving a total of almost 42,000 participants across Europe, Asia and America, mainly in their teens or early 20s.

These studies used questionnaires to probe the prevalence (普遍) of problematic smart-phone use-behaviours such as being anxious when the device is not available or neglecting other activities to spend time on the smart-phone.

Taken together, the team said on average these studies suggested as many as one in four children and young people had problematic smart-phone use.

Among the studies that probed mental health, the results suggested people with problematic smart-phone use were also more likely to have depression-for which the odds (可能性) were more than three times worse-anxiety, feelings of stress and poor sleep as well as poorer educational attainment.

While the team said it was too soon to call problematic smart-phone usage an addiction, they noted that it appeared to be linked to similar patterns of behaviour and emotion.

Kalk said further studies were needed to explore if these behaviours were hard to break, or cause harm-other key features of an addiction.

The authors argued that the availability and pervasiveness of smart-phones in everyday life meant problematic use of the devices posed a different and much bigger public health problem than substances of abuse or internet gaming.

Kalk said the team were now looking at whether smart-phones were just delivering addictive content, or whether there was something inherently addictive about using such devices.

Dr Amy Orben, an expert in screen time at the University of Cambridge, raised concerns, noting that the definition of problematic internet use varied considerably across studies, and the measures used were questioned.

She said studies finding little signs of problematic internet use might have been overlooked, while the research could not say whether problematic smart-phone use caused poorer mental health.

Prof Russell Viner, President of Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that parents were navigating unchartered water when it came to technology.

“One of the most critical things for parents to consider is whether screen time is having a harmful impact on other activities like school, relationships or other interests. This study suggests that this is the case for a significant minority of children and young people,” he said.

Viner said in these cases parents should calmly install age-appropriate boundaries on smart-phone use, and ask questions about whether their children were experiencing other problems.

“While screen time is a new problem, part of the solution is tried and tested-open and regular conversations based on respect and trust,” he said.

1. Experts conducted the research to ______.

A．address the concern about adolescent behavior

B．prove spending time on screens is harmful in itself

C．calculate the time young people spent on smart-phones

D．explore young people’s relationship type with smart-phones

2. We can learn from the research that ______.

A．it involved a vast majority of participants across the globe

B．the participants were asked to report their online activities

C．researchers compared different behaviors of the participants

D．problematic smart-phone use is linked to poorer mental health

3. Which of the following might Kalk probably agree?

A．It is hard to break problematic smart-phone use.

B．Internet gaming is problematic smart-phone use.

C．Problematic smart-phone use is an addiction.

D．The research still has some limitations.

4. What’s Dr Amy Orben’s attitude towards the research findings?

A．Supportive.	B．Negative.
C．Sceptical.	D．Unconcerned.

5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 16 mean?

A．Screen time is a new challenge to parents.

B．Technology is posing a threat to parents.

C．Parents are lost in the sea of technology.

D．Parents use technology to chart water.

6. According to Viner, what should parents do to solve the problem?

A．Keep track of the screen time of children.

B．Strictly prohibit children from using devices.

C．Have a sincere communication with children.

D．Evaluate the impact of screen time on children.

【推荐3】Top College Graduates Get Paid More, but do They Perform Better?

It’s generally believed that better universities attract better students and provide better training, so it makes sense to use the university rank as a predictor of employee performance. But is it a good hiring strategy? Do university rankings predict job performance? Our research suggests yes — but only to a degree.

In a recent study, we tested the relationship between the university rank and performance of graduates. We tracked the performance of 28,339 students from 294 universities that ranked from Top 10 to about top 20,000 in the Webometrics global university rankings.     1    Importantly, we captured not only the quality of the output, but a wide range of hard and soft competencies including cooperation with team members, leadership, language proficiency, technical skills, emotional intelligence, creativity, and more.

Our results offer some comfort to the traditional recruiters. After controlling for age, gender, and the year of study, we found that graduates from higher-ranked universities performed better, but only nominally and only on some dimensions of performance.

    2    The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a larger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the incoming class. Corroborating the selectivity hypothesis, our data demonstrated that students at higher-ranked universities indeed score higher on general cognitive ability tests, have more international experience, better English proficiency, and higher cultural intelligence.

Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training. Top universities employ better instructors, offer access to better-equipped facilities, attract better speakers and guests to campus, which in turn, should lead to better training and subsequent performance.

Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment.     3     Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic.

Despite their slightly better overall performance, hiring graduates from higher-ranked institutions could have a downside. Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes carelessly.     4     In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team.

A．Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars.

B．However, our study revealed no difference in the following aspects.

C．They clearly know that interpersonal relationships at work play a critical role in career success.

D．They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships.

E．We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed better than those from the lower-ranked schools.

F．We observed the students’ performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects.

【推荐1】Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.

The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient’s body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.

Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient’s physical problems, but the patient’s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor’s treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton’s method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.

The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton’s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor in the body. In the mental picture, the patient “sees” a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient’s positive attitude fight the disease.

Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.

Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient’s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.

Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.

Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

C．Responses from the medical world.

D．How to use the mind against disease.

2. How does psychological therapy work?

A．The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

B．The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient’s problems.

C．The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

D．The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

3. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?

A．The medical treatment can cure the patient’s mental disease.

B．The treatment of a patient for the body and the mind is necessary.

C．The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.

D．Few patients have emotional response to the disease.

4. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to _______.

A．help adults overcome the strong pain of some diseases

B．help the patients with chronic diseases

C．help change some bad habits

D．help cure patients of insomnia

【推荐3】第三部分：阅读理解（共20题；
阅读下列短文，从每题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
You have heard the expression “horse sense”. As you may imagine, it came from the time when the majority of people traveled in vehicles drawn by horses. A horse does have a lot of common sense, and there are many true stories about horses having saved their drivers from danger of death.
Today for the most part, people travel by train, ship, airplane, and car, but very little by the use of horses. Modern vehicles are propelled by engines, and an engine does not have any sense. In case of danger, many horses could be depended on to help. Not so with the engine; the driver must do all the things.
In recent years, the speed of travel has increased greatly. With the increased speed comes greatly increased danger. The driver of a powerful engine needs to be careful. A moment of being careless may cost a life. In order to drive today, a person must be able to see clearly, and he must learn and follow carefully the rules for safety on the road. Greater attention is the price we pay for using a machine instead of a horse.
1. The passage mainly talks about ______.

A．engines

B．safe driving

C．using horses

D．modern machines

2. The underlined word “propel” in the second paragraph means ______.

A．repair

B．raise

C．push forward

D．made

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A．a driver must know the rules of safety

B．a driver needs to be able only to tell red from green

C．an eye test is an important part of a driver’s examination

D．greater attention is needed for a driver while driving a machine

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．A driver must be able to see and hear well.

B．The driver of a car must follow the rules of safety.

C．Horses are known to have saved their drivers from injury.

D．It is better for vehicles to be pulled by horse than to be pushed by engine.