【推荐1】The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale on an illegal website. Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. Online shoppers who enter their credit card information may never receive the goods they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number or sell the information over the Internet.

Computer hackers(黑客) have broken down security systems, raising Questions about the safety of cardholder information. 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an online music retailer(批发商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit card numbers were posted on a website after the retailer refused to pay the ransom(赎金) to get back the information.

Credit card firms are now fighting against online fraud. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.

Shop only on secure sites: send your credit card information only if the website offers advanced secure system.

If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The website address may also start with “https: / / ”-the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit card information over the telephone.

Keep your passwords safe: most online sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.

1. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?

A．A lot of stolen credit cards were sold on the Internet.

B．Fraud on the Internet.

C．Many websites are destroyed.

D．Many illegal websites are on the Internet.

2. What is the meaning of the word “fraud”?

A．Cheating.	B．Sale.
C．Payment.	D．Safety.

3. How can the thieves get credit card information?

A．The customers give them the information.

B．They steal the information from websites.

C．The customers sell the information to them.

D．They buy the information from credit card firms.

4. You want to buy a TV set on a shopping website whose address starts with “http: / / ”. What does this article suggest you do?

A．Order the TV set at once.

B．Do not buy the TV set on this site.

C．E-mail the site your credit card information.

D．Tell the site your password and buy the TV set.

【推荐3】A http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf/

Fantastic site from CNN. Over 50 news stories categorized under headings such as crime, environment and adventure. Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple-choice variety.

B http:/www.npr.org/

NPR is an American radio network with an extensive audio archive—an excellent source of authentic English.

C http:/www.humorlinks.com/

Hilarious site bringing together over 7,000 links to humor of every kind, from American comedy to Australian cartoons. Here you will see the funniest jokes and pictures from around the world.

D http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/

Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, political activists, scientists and writers.

E http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/listen

Lots of online music from classical to jazz, from blues to rap. You can listen to radio programs or select a range of special features.

F http: /www.onestopenglish.com

Here you will find listening activities—updated each month--from the online magazine from Macmillan.

1. http:/www.literacynet.org/cnnsf is a website intended for those who________.

A．are learning English

B．are writing news stories

C．are interested in environment protection

D．are designing activities for newspapers

2. For someone who is doing a project on this year's Nobel Prize winner, ________ will be the most suitable website to turn to.

A．http:/www.onestopenglish.com

B．http:/www.humorlinks.com/

C．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/

D．http:/www.bbc.co.uk/music/isten

3. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．How to Choose a Suitable Website

B．This Week's Web Guide

C．Web Radio: New Access to Information

D．Special Features from Famous Websites

【推荐2】A few years ago, I started to notice big shifts in teens’ behavior. Around 2010, teens started to spend their time much differently from the generations before. These teens and young adults all have one thing in common: Their childhood or adolescence coincided with the rise of the smart phone. For this reason, I call them iGeneration.

What makes iGen different? Growing up with a smartphone has affected nearly every aspect of their lives. They spend so much time on the Internet, texting friends and on social media that they have less leisure time for everything else. Whether it’s going to parties, shopping at the mall, or watching movies, iGen teens are participating in these social activities at a significantly low rate.

Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it differs from the way they spent their own adolescence. But it is not just different——in many ways, it’s actually worse. Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others’ faces, suggesting that iGen’s screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to shrink.

In addition, in the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of iGen teens who read a non required book every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. Perhaps as a result, average SAT critical reading scores have dropped 14 points since 2005.

iGen shows another break with the previous generations; Depression, anxiety, and loneliness have shot upward with happiness declining. The teen suicide rate increased by more than 50 percent, as did the number of teens with clinical—level depression.

Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friends—they were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what iGen needs now.

1. How are iGen teens different from the, generations before?

A．They are more skillful in high-tech products.	B．They stay in close contact with friends.
C．They prefer to live a virtual life than a real one.	D．They spend their adolescence with smartphones.

2. Why is the “annual Monitoring the Future survey” mentioned in paragraph 4?

A．To stress the importance of reading the required books.

B．To explain the reason why iGeneration reads less.

C．To introduce the extracurriculum reading situation of iGeneration.

D．To show the influence of reading on iGen teenagers’ mental health.

3. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A．Depression and anxiety are the common symptoms of mental problems.

B．Mental problems can be found in large numbers of iGen teens.

C．Net-addicted teenagers are more likely to suffer from mental problems.

D．iGen teens’ mental problems are getting more and more attention.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．How the Smartphone Affected an Entire Generation of Kids?

B．Parents Are Getting Serious about Teen Smartphone Addiction.

C．Smartphones for Teens: Smart or Stupid?

D．Smartphones Are Changing iGen Teen’s Lifestyle.

【推荐1】For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.

More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地） to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.

Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.

1. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.

A．is the quality distinguishing man from other animals

B．consists of competitiveness and selfishness

C．is something partly innate and partly acquired

D．consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

2. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.

A．the emergence of the evolutionary theory	B．the historical approach to man
C．new insight into human behavior	D．the philosophical analysis of slavery

3. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.

A．have some characters in common	B．are born with diverse cultures
C．are born without a fixed nature	D．change their characters as they grow up

4. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.

A．emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”

B．show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils

C．prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”

D．support the idea that some human characters are inherited.

【推荐2】I recently spent half a weekend sitting on the sofa watching the Davis Cup. I thought about going for a run, but I did not want to miss the rest of the match. Soon it was starting to get dark, so I did not bother (费神). Whenever I watch tennis, I think how nice it would be to play it regularly. But I have been thinking that for almost 20 years without actually setting foot on a court. The evidence would suggest that I’m not the only one.

When a country or city competes to host an international sporting event, it often promises that more people will take up sports as a result. London was no exception. Tessa Jowell, who helped to bid for (申办) the 2012 Olympics for London, said that by 2012 two million more people would be physically active. And 60 percent of young people would be doing at least five hours of sports per week.

In the end, just over one-third of people in Britain take part in sports once a week. A report on Olympic and Paralympic influences has said that a big change in participation levels simply has not happened.

Why isn’t there a big increase in people taking part in sports after most sporting events? Perhaps it is a mistake to assume a definite link between watching sports and playing it. While the games are on, they actually encourage people to do just the opposite — to spend whole sunny days not out playing sports, but inside sitting on the sofa with the curtains shut to stop the sun shining on the TV screen. We don’t expect half the audience of a hit musical to apply to drama school the next day, yet we seem to expect it of sporting events.

The high-level performances on show only remind people that they could never match the excellent athletes in their sporting achievements even if they trained full time.

Maybe participation in sports is not the right thing to expect after a major sporting event. The Olympics can do many things, but maybe this cannot necessarily be one of them.

1. How does the author introduce the topic?

A．By sharing experiences.	B．By asking questions.
C．By listing figures.	D．By analyzing causes.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 4?

A．Watching sports is closely linked with playing it.

B．Watching games discourages people from going out.

C．Watching games encourages people to take part in sports.

D．Half the audience of a hit musical will take part in drama soon.

3. What might be the best title of the text?

A．Do people like participating in sporting events?

B．Do people prefer watching big sporting events?

C．Do the Olympics encourage people to match athletes?

D．Do big sporting events make us do more sport?

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the possibility of people’s participating in sports after big events?

A．Positive.	B．Negative.
C．Uncertain.	D．Objective.

【推荐3】We all use different ways to remember ideas, facts and things we need to store. Remembering is an extremely important part of our learning experience. Information process, storage and recall（回顾）encourage purposeful learning.

But the brain doesn’t store everything we want or need for future use. It makes choices and tends to remember information that forms a memorable pattern. Things you learned recently can be particularly difficult to remember because they haven’t taken root in your mind.

“Forgetting allows us to remember what is really important to our survival. We forget much of what we read, watch, and think directly every day.” writes John Medina in his book, Brain Rules.

How do you avoid losing 90%of what you’ve learned? An inspiring writer and speaker Zig Ziglar once said：“Repetition is the mother of learning, the father of action, which makes it the architect of accomplishment.”

Repetition has been a remembering skill for ages. When you hear or read something once，you don’t really learn it-at least not well enough to store the new information for long. The right kind of repetition can do wonders for your memory. People learn or remember better by repeating things or getting exposed to information many times. Others repeat particular steps or processes deliberately a number of times or even years to become better at certain skills.

Daniel Coyle explains in his book, The Little Book of Talent：“...closing the book and writing a summary, even short ones, forces you to figure out the key points, process and organize those ideas so they make sense, and write them on the page. When you pick it back up weeks later, reread all of your notes or highlights to strengthen the ideas even further.”

People learn by repeating things. Better learning is a repetition process. Every time we repetitively access something we already know, we increase the memory’s stored value.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A．The brain tends to store 90% of the things we learn.

B．The fresher the information is, the easier to remember.

C．Thinking is more important than remembering in study.

D．The brain tends to choose and keep what it thinks important.

2. How does the writer prove his opinion?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing numbers.
C．By borrowing words of experts.	D．By providing scientific finding.

3. What does Daniel Coyle want to say in his book？

A．You can’t pay too much attention to repetition.

B．Summarizing is a very effective learning tool.

C．Forgetting forces human brain to make choices.

D．Regular repetition helps to form good habits.

4. What may be the purpose of the last paragraph？

A．To summarize and stress his opinion.	B．To ask the readers to use the skills to learn.
C．To introduce his opinion and attract readers.	D．To tell readers to increase the value of memory.

5. Which do you think is the best title of the passage？

A．How the Brain Works	B．Reading for More
C．Fighting Against Forgetting	D．Repeat to Remember

【推荐2】Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.
When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled—they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
1. Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate            .

A．children’s and adults’ eye-sight

B．people’s ability to see accurately

C．children’s and adults’ brains

D．the influence of people’s age

2. When asked to find the larger circle，________.

A．children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around

B．only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around

C．children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around

D．adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around

3. According to the passage, we can know that________.

A．a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background

B．an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size

C．a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size

D．a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size

4. Visual context may work when children get older than________.

A．4

B．6

C．10

D．18

5. Why are younger children not fooled?

A．Because they are smarter than older children and adults.

B．Because older people are influenced by their experience.

C．Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.

D．Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

【推荐3】Global health experts say that each year some of the 1.5 million people die from vaccine-preventable diseases due to gaping holes in medical record-keeping, especially in developing countries where resources to properly document immunizations（免疫接种）may be lacking．

To solve that problem, researchers headed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Techmology（MIT）have invented a way to deliver vaccines（疫苗）through a microneedle patch（贴片）that is buried in the skin．It's a record that can't be seen, written in quantum dots（量子点）that contain vaccination history and give off light only readable by a specially equipped smartphone．The scientists say it doesn't require any link to a database and it doesn't tie into any personal information．

For now, the patch can only contain a handful of simple shapes．But adding more microneedles could make the designs more complex, potentially conveying information about a vaccination's date, dosage and more．From there, reading the dots becomes a lot like scanning a QR code（二维码）．These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones, and someday allow health providers to access patients' past vaccinations without chaos of external records．

The next step, before trials in people, is to test its practicability among experts in the field．The researchers now plan to work with health care workers in developing nations in Africa to get input on the best way to carry out this type of vaccination record-keeping．

"Ultimately, we believe that this invisible 'on-body' technology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing applications that could influence the way medical care is provided, especially in the developing world," the researchers conclude．

1. What do the underlined words "that problem" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Few medical resources．

B．Wrong ways to deliver vaccines．

C．Lack of vaccination record-keeping．

D．No vaccinations required in developing countries．

2. What can we learn about quantum dots?

A．They keep a record of the vaccination．

B．They need to be connected to a database．

C．They give away one's personal information．

D．They can read light produced by smartphones．

3. How will health providers access patients' past vaccinations?

A．By reading the QR code．	B．By scanning the design．
C．By interpreting external records．	D．By increasing microneedles．

4. What do the researchers expect of the new technology?

A．It will be cost-saving．	B．It will hit the market soon．
C．It may ensure the accuracy of data．	D．It may bring changes to medical care．