My brother belongs to a strange group known as birders. Together with his three friends who are likewise into the hobby of birding, they march on landfills, and hike through the wooded lands, each of them armed with a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜), a digital camera, biscuits, and water. One of them carries a telescope which comes in handy in case they want to take a look at a bird up close.
Understandably, their clothing is light; their shoes are designed for comfort, and they never fail to bring with them hats. Moving at a slow pace, they go in search of birds. And, yes, they carry a field guide --- a manual for identifying birds.
It is interesting to note how my brother and his co-birders go through their hobby: first, they look for a bird (either with the naked eyes or with the help of their binoculars); when they find one, they identify it; they then write it down. In case they are unable to determine the bird’s identity, they search for it in the field guide. If the bird is not in the handbook, they take down notes, make a rough drawing representing the chief features of the bird, or even take a picture of it to be used as a future reference.
A device, called the National Geographic’s Handheld Birds Personal Digital Assistant, is available for those who plan to take up birding in North America. This handy device is a digital field guide containing more than one thousand five hundred visual representations of birds. It has a searchable database of over eight hundred North American bird species.
For those seriously considering birding as a hobby but having second thoughts for fear of catching the terrible bird flu, it is important to know that you can take up the hobby and be safe from the fatal disease if you strictly observe the slogan of birders worldwide: just watch, don’t catch.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about birders?A.Their clothing is light and they never bring hats with them. |
B.They carry a telescope to have a close look at the birds. |
C.After they find a bird, they usually put it into the cage. |
D.They go to search for birds moving at a rapid pace. |
A.To take down notes. |
B.To take pictures of birds. |
C.To find the correct route. |
D.To refer to information of birds. |
A.look for birds |
B.look at birds closely |
C.make a drawing of birds |
D.recognize different birds |
A.Avoid catching birds. |
B.Keep away from birds. |
C.Give up keeping birds. |
D.Wear protective clothing. |
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【推荐1】When it comes to sharks, many people think of their pointy fins and violent nature. But there is more to sharks than their sharp teeth: The creature appeared on earth 410 million years ago, before dinosaurs.
However, sharks are now at the edge of extinction. Numbers of sharks have decreased by 71% over the past 50 years, according to the research published in Nature. “Such sharp decreases are shocking even to experts, especially when compared to land animal statistics,” Sonja Fordham at Shark Advocates International told New Scientist magazine. “This data(数据) may be an underestimate(低估) of reality because of unreported fish catches,” noted Nathan Pacoureau, a researcher of the study team.
The study included 31 species; 24 now risk extinction, and 3 shark species are now classified as highly endangered. The study found the decrease hit the largest species first before influencing smaller ones over time, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It also said that shark finning and fishing worldwide have driven the decrease. “The Indian Ocean is the worst. There is almost no fishery management at all,” said Pacoureau.
“Overfishing of sharks destroys the health of entire ocean ecosystems as well as food safety for some countries,” said Nicholas Dulvy, a professor of Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada. “The researchers are calling on immediate action to ensure a brighter future for these animals,” according to the BBC.
Although the situation looks depressing, the future of sharks is not doomed(注定)yet. 25 species have recovered because of long-term protection campaigns in the past decades. A couple of shark species have started to recover through science-based fishing limits. These examples provide living evidence that the world can set and meet biodiversity goals.
1. What can we know about sharks from the text?A.They are faced with a bad situation. |
B.They began to exist later than dinosaurs. |
C.They are well preserved in the Indian Ocean. |
D.They became an extinct species 5 decades ago. |
A.They just focus on the largest species. |
B.They may leave out unreported situations. |
C.They disagree with some experts’ judgements. |
D.They are only compared with those of land animals. |
A.Overfishing. | B.Natural disasters. |
C.The ocean pollution. | D.Food source shortage. |
A.Hopeless. | B.Bright. | C.Dark. | D.Unclear. |
【推荐2】In the U. S. state of Washington, a road called Interstate 90 cuts through a wild mountainous area to reach the city of Seattle. For the area's many kinds of animals, the busy highway greatly limits their movements. Animals need to move to find food, to find mates and to find new places to live. Crossing I-90 as the road is called is a risky but sometimes necessary act. But soon, animals will have a safer choice.
To help the animals, the state is finishing work on its largest-ever wildlife bridge. The 11-meter-tall, 20-meter-wide bridge begins in the forest. Workers are adding fencing anti-plants to help guide the animals across the bridge. The I-90 bridge is part of a growing number of wildlife crossings across the United States. Some are fences, some are overland bridges, and some are underpasses. They all aim to keep drivers and animals away from each other.
A U.S. Transportation Department study found crashes between animals and humans rose year by year. The accidents made up about 5 percent of all crashes nationally, and cost the economy about $8 billion. Such costs come from car repaid, emergency room visits and removal of the dead animals on roads. Collisions between animals and drivers are rarely deadly to people. But they are often deadly to wildlife. The study also found that 21 endangered or threatened species in the U.S. are affected by vehicle hits.
Patty Garvey Darda of the U. S. Forest Service says the $6-million bridge will one day pay for itself because the highway will not have to be fully or partly closed each time a large animal is struck. “If you shut down Interstate 90, you shut down interstate trade.” she adds.
1. Why is moving across highways necessary for animals?A.To survive. |
B.To find food. |
C.To follow their habit. |
D.To free their movements. |
A.Avoiding human deaths. |
B.Preventing car accidents. |
C.Increasing interstate trade. |
D.Protecting wild animals. |
A.Highlight the harm caused by car accidents. |
B.Show the costs related to car-animal crashes. |
C.Explain the necessity of wildlife crossings. |
D.Present the urgency to protect wild species. |
A.Opposed. |
B.Concerned. |
C.Favorable. |
D.Indifferent. |
【推荐3】Cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉) are only the third animal besides humans and chimpanzees, known to pick tools flexibly based on the tasks they expect to face according to a study recently published in Current Biology.
In 2021, scientists observed that cockatoos fashioned three tools — a wedge (楔子), a knife and a spoon — to help open fruits. It showed that they were making tools with different functions, but an important question remained; Did the birds use the tools as a set for the same goal, or just as responses to the result of the use of the former?
To answer it, researchers designed a special puzzle box inside which was a grand prize: a cashew (腰果), the favorite food of cockatoos. Getting it out of the box required two tools: a short, sharp tool that had to first cut a film blocking the bird’s access to the nut and a long pole that had to be stuck into the hole to fish out the cashew.
According to the observation, six of ten cockatoos found the correct solution. When a simpler box with no film was presented, they were likely to merely pick up the pole. Then the box was moved farther from the tools, meaning the birds had to choose the right tools and then carry them over. When deciding which tools to bring, the cockatoos planned ahead. If facing a box with a film, they figured out how to carry the tools together and would come prepared with both If without, they tended to bring the fishing pole.
The study shows that cockatoos can use and transport tool sets flexibly for immediate future use, and thus their tool use is more than the sum of its parts. The researchers now hope to see if the birds can manage this even when the box is not in direct view, and further explore the evolutionary history of tool use in this species.
Dr. Auersperg, one of the researchers, thinks the study proves an anti-bird phrase needs revising. “Bird brain,” she said, “should actually be a compliment.”
1. Why does the author mention the 2021 research in paragraph 2?A.To reveal its limitation. | B.To review a significant study. |
C.To establish the research goal. | D.To introduce the research question. |
A.Consider tool use | B.Cut a hole in the film. |
C.Pull the pole from the box. | D.Get out of the box to eat. |
A.Topic | B.Reality | C.Concern. | D.Praise. |
A.Cockatoos are creative problem solvers. |
B.Cockatoos know to use tool sets flexibly. |
C.Cockatoos are the third smartest animals. |
D.Cockatoos adapt to environmental changes easily. |
【推荐1】When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure?
Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy (树荫)of taller trees. However, more and more fanners in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren5t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂)are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade-grown” and ‘"bird-friendly”. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it.
1. How do farmers get more land to grow full-sun coffee?A.They move to other countries. |
B.They cut down trees. |
C.They turn grassland into farmland. |
D.They buy more land from other farmers. |
A.It can increase the production of coffee. | B.It can promote peopled health. |
C.It can provide more nests for birds. | D.It can protect the ecosystem. |
A.People should buy full-sun coffee. |
B.Farmers should change the places to grow coffee. |
C.Shade-grown coffee should be supported. |
D.Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting. |
A.It is quite worthwhile to buy shade-grown coffee at any cost. |
B.Farmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now. |
C.The full-sun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run. |
D.South American farmers are taking action to plant coffee bushes in the traditional way. |
【推荐2】Chen Guanghui is a guardian for black-necked cranes (黑颈鹤) in the Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve of Zhaotong city, in southwest China’s Yunnan Province. Whistling is the secret language Chen uses to communicate with the black-necked cranes, a type of migratory bird under first-class protection in China. She says different whistles signal different things. When she whistles in an increasing tone, she tries to tell the cranes: ask your companions to come back for lunch, and they would chirp (吱喳叫) to spread the message right away.
Living near the Dashanbao Nature Reserve, a major winter habitat for the rare species, Chen started to take care of them in 2003, a mission she took over from her mother, whose devotion dates back to the 1990s.
“In the first few days, I remembered they ran away as soon as I approached them. I was very upset and asked my mom to come back, and I was worried they would starve,” says Chen. “I initially tried everything, even singing folk songs to attract them, but failed. Later, I used special whistles and gradually formed close bond with the cranes.”
“I treat them as if they were my own children, and I’m always concerned about them, especially during snowy days when they can’t get food. I feel uncomfortable and anxious when I hear them chirp and usually rush to prepare corn for them.” It’s never been an easy job, and Chen has sustained quite a few injuries over the years, even falling into frozen marsh (沼泽) while trying to save a trapped crane in 2008. However, she never gave up. With love and responsibility, she has persisted in caring for the cranes for about 20 years.
Thanks to the joint protection efforts of Chen and staff members at the nature reserve, now more than 1,900 black-necked cranes overwinter in the area each season every year, up from about 300 when the nature reserve was established.
1. How does Chen Guanghui communicate with black-necked cranes?A.By singing folk songs. | B.By imitating chirps of birds. |
C.By making hand gestures. | D.By blowing special whistles. |
A.Rescuing injured animals. | B.Restoring habitats for rare species. |
C.Looking after black-necked cranes. | D.Building Dashanbao Nature Reserve. |
A.It is inspiring. | B.It is frustrating. |
C.It is interesting. | D.It is unexpected. |
A.Efforts bear fruit. | B.Fortune favors the brave. |
C.Virtue is its own reward. | D.A miss is as good as a mile. |
【推荐3】The problem with a catchy name is that sometimes it catches on too well. Take the hygiene hypothesis (卫生说) outlined in 1989 by David Strachan of St George’s, a hospital and medical school in London. It suggests that the rise of allergenic (致敏的) sensitivity observed in rich countries over the course of the 20th century may have been caused by a shift from rural to urban living, so that children are no longer routinely exposed to farm animals.
Dr Strachan’s work still has much to recommend it. What the catchy label has encouraged, however, is a false belief that cleanliness is not necessarily a health benefit. In reality, says Thomas Marrs, an allergist at King’s College, London, hygiene is usually about bacteria (细菌) causing infection—and the bacteria that may be beneficial are different from those which do that. But it is plain to see why alternative descriptions, such as “the high turnover and diversity hypothesis” or the “the microbial deprivation hypothesis (微生物剥夺假说)”, have not caught on, more accurate though they may be.
In an attempt to collect further data on the matter, Hisao Okabe of Fukushima Medical University and his team have looked through the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which tracked over 100,000 births between 2019 and 2022.
Pursuing the animal connection, they looked for correlations between household pet ownership before and immediately after a child’s birth, and any food allergies found in that child’s first three years.
Of the 66,000 or so children they chose to look at, 22% had been born into households with pets. Children in households with dogs, the researchers found, had lower rates than average of allergies to eggs, milk and nuts. Those cohabiting with cats seemed more tolerant of eggs, wheat and beans. However, children whose parents kept turtles (龟) appeared unaffected. And, curiously, those exposed to hamsters (仓鼠) appeared more likely than average to be allergic to nuts.
Confirming or denying this will need more study. Nevertheless, Dr Okabe’s contribution is an interesting addition to the debate about Dr Strachan’s brainchild.
1. What does the hygiene hypothesis suggest?A.Children in rich countries are more likely to have allergies. |
B.Urban living leads to less exposure to allergens. |
C.Allergies are linked to bacteria that cause infection. |
D.Farm animals reduce childhood allergies. |
A.Doubtful | B.Favorable | C.Critical | D.indifferent |
A.pet ownership and uncomfortable childbirth | B.pet ownership and child food allergies |
C.environments and animals | D.food and allergies |
A.Dogs and cats | B.Dogs and turtles | C.Cats and hamsters | D.Turtles and hamsters. |
【推荐1】These days, it seems like everyone wants to go out into space and live on new planets.Rather than depend on another pre-existing planet, could we make a new, proper planet ourselves?
To start with, if we do want to be living on it, we should find a good place in space to put the new planet. We’d want it to be in a habitable zone, meaning the planet should be at the right distance from its star to make sure there would be perfect temperatures and most importantly, liquid(液态的) water.
We’d also need the right materials to make the planet. Our Earth is made up of many different elements(元素). If we made our own new planet we’d probably want it to have similar elements and a similar structure(结构) We’ d also want enough water to form some oceans.
But even if we get all of the materials creating a new planet like Earth could have many troubles. It might be something more like a huge space station. It would be pretty expensive if we wanted it to be super big.
We would probably also need a lot of food since there s going to be many scientists and astronauts out in space working on this project!
According to NASA, each astronaut uses about 0. 83 kilograms of food per meal, including 0.12 kilograms of packaging(包装) material. Without the weight of the packaging material, we’d need about 780 kilograms of food just to feed one astronaut for a year.
Putting all these together could make it possible to make our own planet one day! In reality, creating a new planet would probably require a very modern technology and there would be tons of other things to think about. And if this is even possible, it likely won’t happen for a very long time.
1. What's the first thing we should do if we want to create a new planet?A.To prepare enough food. |
B.To design its inner structure. |
C.To find a proper place to set the planet. |
D.To collect materials similar to our Earth. |
A.Our Earth. | B.Outer space. |
C.The new planet. | D.The ocean water. |
A.About 0. 12 kilograms. | B.About 0. 71 kilograms. |
C.About 0. 83 kilograms. | D.About 0.95 kilograms. |
A.It is a waste of money and time. | B.It should be one of NASA’S next plans. |
C.It is not a good idea for humans. | D.It won’t come true in the near future |
【推荐2】The words “England” and “English” are perhaps the two most misused words in the English language. The British themselves often say England and English when they really mean Britain and British.
What’s the difference, you may ask. To understand the question we have to know something about the history of the country and its people.
We all know that Britain is an island country separated from the European continent by the English Channel. Actually there are two main islands. The larger one is called Britain, or Great Britain, and the smaller one is called Ireland, and these two, together with many small islands make up what is called the British Isles.
The British Isles is a geographical term. It is not the name of any country. At present it is made up of two countries, the larger of which is the one we very often inaccurately call England. The full official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, but people call it Britain or Great Britain for that. It consists of England, Scotland, Wales and a small part of Ireland-the northeastern part.
People still tend to call Britain England not only because England is the largest in area and the most populous but mostly because England is the strongest and also the most influential country in every respect before it absorbed the other three countries(The whole of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom at one time). Call it national chauvinism(沙文主义) if you like, but people in England call Britain England out of habit rather than conscious sense of superiority, though it annoys the Welsh and especially the Scots who are proud of their separate national tradition.
1. The British Isles is made up of_______.A.one country | B.two countries |
C.two and a half countries | D.three countries |
A.Great Britain |
B.England |
C.United Kingdom |
D.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
A.England is the largest in area and has the largest population. |
B.people in England do so out of habit. |
C.England is the nearest to the European continent. |
D.England is the strongest and also the most influential in every respect. |
A.The formation of the UK. |
B.The chauvinism of the English. |
C.The location of the British Isles. |
D.The difference between “English” and “British”. |
【推荐3】We have heard some interesting ways that 5G wireless technology might change our lives in the future.
5G short for the 5th generation mobile communication technology, promises Internet speeds between 50 to 100 times faster than current 4G systems. While 5G is set to be used in some limited areas of America this year, much of the world is not expected to receive widely available service until 2023.
One project in Britain, however, is already testing this super fast technology on an unlikely group of Internet users—cows. The project was developed by American technology company Cisco Systems. It also receives money from the British government. Cisco says the program seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.
Testing areas were set up at farms in three rural areas of England. The cows are equipped with 5G-connected devices (装置) that link up to a robotic milking system, which uses sensors (传感器) and machine learning to fully automate the process. System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks toward an automatic gate. The device is designed to recognize each individual cow. It then positions equipment to the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.
Other 5G technology tools include automated brushes that turn on when the cow rubs up against them. Sensors also control the amount of light to the cows’ living areas depending on the weather. And an automatic feeding system makes sure the animals always get enough to eat.
Duncan Forbes, head of the project, told Reuters that the project shows the farm’s cow operations can be greatly improved with 5G technology and that the experiment provides strong evidence that 5G technology can be widely used in the future, not just on farms in Britain, but in rural communities across the world.
1. What is the purpose of Cisco Systems’ program?A.To win financial support from British government. |
B.To test the effects of 5G technology on animals. |
C.To promote its technological development in Britain. |
D.To expand the future use of 5G in rural communities. |
A.The company. | B.The project. | C.The technology. | D.The group. |
A.It is no worse than 4G in terms of speed. | B.It enables cows to control their own milking. |
C.It is already widely available in the world. | D.It makes cows eat less and milk more than before. |
A.Entertainment. | B.Lifestyle. | C.Technology. | D.Education. |
Tmall Genie Tmall Genie is a smart speaker developed by Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba Group. Introduced in July 2017, the device consists of 360-degree speakers and an LED light ring at the bottom. Like other smart speakers, the Genie can search the Internet, control home automation devices, and order products from Tmall.com. Voice interaction is currently only available in Mandarin. |
Ding Dong Ding Dong is created by Chinese company LingLong. It was released in 2016 and has a height of 9.5 inches and has a square base. The device is capable of reading the news, weather updates, and online shopping. Versions are available that speak either Mandarin or Cantonese. |
Mi AI The Mi AI Speaker, developed by Xiao Mi, will wake you up in the morning, read off your schedule, take notes and tell you about the weather. It can control other Mi Home devices such as the Mi Kettle, lights, and rice cooker. What’s more, you can even have it serve as a tutor for your kids, but it can only follow the command in Chinese. |
Amazon Echo Amazon Echo is developed by Amazon, com. The device connects with the voice- controlled intelligent assistant service Alexa. The device is capable of voice interaction (in English, French, Chinese), music playback, setting alarms, and providing weather, traffic and other real-time information. It can also control several smart devices acting as a home automation system. The interesting function is that the latest version can order milk or other food materials on Amazon.com. |
1. Who is most likely to buy a Ding Dong?
A.A young man who likes sports. |
B.A student who likes learning English. |
C.An old man who likes listening to the radio. |
D.A kid who likes playing games online. |
A.Tmall Genie | B.Mi AI |
C.Ding Dong | D.Amazon Echo |
A.Its voice interaction is in different languages. |
B.It has an easier access to the Internet. |
C.It can be controlled by voice. |
D.It controls home automation devices. |
【推荐2】Gems (珍宝) of Grand Central Terminal (GCT)
The Transportation Sculpture
This impressive sculpture — all 1,500 tons of it — really rocks. Three figures from Roman mythology (神话) rest above the terminal’s main entrance on 42nd Street. Hercules (on the left) represents strength; Mercury (in the middle) is linked to speed, commerce, and transportation; and Minerva (on the right) represents wisdom.
Designed by French sculptor Jules-Félix Coutan, Transportation is 66 feet wide and stands 48 feet tall at its highest point. Coutan made a small-scale model of the sculptural group, and craftsmen in Long Island City carved it from Indiana limestone.
The Tiffany Clock
A Jewel-like clock made by world-renowned Tiffany Studios sits in the middle of The Transportation Sculpture. With a diameter of 14 feet, this colorful timepiece is said to be the largest Tiffany glass clock in the world.
The Clock on the Information Booth
Another famous GCT timepiece is the four-sided, brass-and-opal (黄铜和猫眼石) clock on top of the information booth in the main concourse (大厅). It’s a popular meeting point in this busy transportation center. The clock is capped by an acorn. Beneath the clock, a hidden staircase goes down to another booth on a lower level of the terminal.
The Main Concourse’s Ceiling Mural (壁画)
In a 1913 edition of The New York Times, a railway official joked that people might spend so much time stargazing at the mural on the main concourse’s ceiling that they’d miss their trains. It’s easy to see why. Groups of stars — a mix of gold leaf (thin sheets of gold) and artfully placed light bulbs — twinkle across the ceiling sky. The starry scene, which was designed by a French artist named Paul César Helleu, brings to mind travelers of the past who navigated by the stars.
1. What do The Transportation Sculpture and The Tiffany Clock have in common?A.They are both located above the GCT’s main entrance. | B.They were both designed by Jules-Félix Coutan. |
C.They are both linked to Roman mythology. | D.They were both made of glass. |
A.It is forty-eight feet high. | B.It is on top of a huge statue. |
C.It is connected to a lower level booth. | D.It is the largest opal clock in the world. |
A.Some stories from mythology. | B.Thousands of stars in the sky. |
C.Various clocks from history. | D.Craftsmen in ancient times. |
【推荐3】Primary English Teachers Wanted—Sri Krish International School
Job Summary: You are required to teach students based on national curriculum guidelines within your specialist subject areas, including planning, preparing and delivering lessons. Encouraging students in joining in lessons and other school-related activities is especially a requirement.
Job Type: Full-time
Salary: $15,000—s20,000 a month
Experience: 2 years (Required)
Education: Bachelor’s (Required)
Maths Teacher Wanted—Thrive Info Tech
We are looking for mathematics or related majors. You are supposed to start working in September 2020.
Job Type: Full-time
Salary: $10,000—$15,000 a month
Experience: 1—2 years
Education: Bachelor’s (Required)
Robotics Teacher Wanted—Edjoy
We are looking for computer faculty (才能) and robotics faculty with good communication and computer programming knowledge. Weekend timing will be 9:30 am to 6:30 pm.
Job Type: Part Time
Salary: $1,000—$1,250 a day
Experience: 2 years
Education: Bachelor’s (Required)
Teachers Wanted—Victory Secondary School
Hi, we are looking for teachers for the academic year 2020-2021 for a reputed school at Saravanampatti.
Job Type: Full-time
Salary: Negotiable (可协商的)
Primary Teacher for English
Secondary Teachers for Social Studies
Language: English (Preferred)
1. Which school needs part-time teachers?A.Edjoy. | B.Thrive InfoRTech. |
C.Victory Secondary School. | D.Sri Krish International School. |
A.Having master’s degree. | B.Making students take part in the lessons. |
C.Being kind and humorous. | D.Planning well before delivering lessons. |
A.Being able to speak the local language. | B.Knowing the local traditions.o |
C.Having rich voluntary experiences. | D.Speaking fluent English. |