Robots are useful because they never get tired and can’t feel pain. Why program robots to feel pain? Some researchers, however, believe it’s a good idea.
Researchers from Leibniz University of Hannover in Germany are working to develop a man-made robot nervous system to teach robots how to feel pain, according to IEEE Spectrum. “Pain is a system that protects us,” said Johannes Kuchn, one of the researchers. “When we evade (规避) from the source (来源) of pain, it helps us not get hurt.”
Think about how many injuries you would receive if you couldn’t feel pain. Even though pain hurts, it helps us to avoid danger and treat our wounds. The same will be true for robots. As a greater number of people work closely with robots, the robots must act in a safer manner. Kuehn believes that by protecting robots from damage, they’ll be protecting people as well. Damage to robots—if left unseen—could lead to workplace accidents.
Rather than feel pain, some robots are designed to show pain or see it in others. Minoru Asada, an engineer at Osaka University in Japan, and his workmates have made sensors (传感器) that pick up many kinds of touch signals (信号). These touch and pain signals can turn into emotions (情感) and expressions on a robot’s face. Asada believes that these systems could finally lead to robots seeing the pain on human faces, an important skill for robots designed to care for elderly people, for example. Damasio said. “It’s for communication of the machine to a human.”
Damasio is quick to point out that this communication is an interesting development, but “it’s not the same thing” as a robot truly feeling and expressing emotions or pain. If one day, robots could actually feel as humans do, Damasio has a suggestion for the number one rule for robots: feel good.
1. Why was a robot nervous system developed?| A．To help robots treat humans’ injuries gently. |
| B．To reduce accidents when robots work. |
| C．To teach robots how to find a source of danger. |
| D．To allow robots lo react more quickly to instructions. |
| A．Collecting different kinds of touch signals. |
| B．Turning human emotions into touch signals. |
| C．Helping robots recognize the pain on human faces. |
| D．Teaching robots how to take care of elderly people. |
| A．Expectant. | B．Hopeless. | C．Opposite. | D．Worried. |
| A．Programming Pain | B．Amazing Robots |
| C．Avoiding Accidents | D．Robotic Roles |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Aerospace engineers are working on air vehicles that will be used to drop packages on your doorsteps, transport people and goods over shorter distances and could even give people the ability to call air taxis to fundamentally change how we see the sky.
What helps the engineers get ready for the change? Batteries keep getting smaller. Materials to build the air vehicles are lighter than ever, Software is more sophisticated. A modern cockpit (驾驶舱) from 20 years ago can’t do half as much as the phone in your pocket. These modernizations have enabled a greater focus on electric technology in flying over the past 15 years. It’s changed the way they fly.
Maybe soon you will be walking down the street to a vertiport, where you’ll catch an air taxi. We’re likely to see one with a pilot, carrying boxes from one place to another. Then it will start flying with passengers and become pilotless. As the new plane becomes more common, the result could be something as simple as cutting down travel time within urban and suburban areas, making it slightly easier to get to the airport or from the suburbs to downtown. But the planes could also help get rid of “transportation deserts,” making it easier for a doctor to reach a patient in a rural area who has limited access to a hospital.
However, there are still a lot of outstanding questions. There are safety measures and requirements that need to be developed. There is pilot training and workforce development. There’s the cost. There’s figuring out who would use this type of transportation. There are still more advances in technology that need to happen if you want them to go farther than 150 miles and to be unmanned. But, according to Hackenberg of NASA, “About the future, it’s not an if, it’s a when.”
1. What does the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Fashionable. | B．Advanced. | C．Conventional. | D．Flexible. |
| A．To present a fact. | B．To explain a principle. |
| C．To highlight an advantage. | D．To make a prediction. |
| A．Air Taxis: Say “No” to Traffic Jam | B．Air Taxis: Private Flight for Business |
| C．Ready for Air Taxis? | D．How do Air Taxis Work? |
【推荐2】In a strawberry field surrounded by strawberry fields on the outskirts of Santa Maria, a pair of robots have been picking berries all summer.
Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries. If an unripe berry is in the way, the robot repositions for a better angle. A nipper-grabber (夹爪) mounted in the middle of the sensors stretches to cut the berry’s stem (茎), and then cautiously places it in a waiting plastic container at the robot’s base.
Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水培的) tabletops, not the ground strawberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making berries easier to be poked up with robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.
Since hitting this field last spring, the robots are on their way to picking nearly as many berries as human pickers, and with 95% accuracy, according to Tortuga. Unlike a human, the Tortuga robots don’t need breaks, can’t get sick, are always ready to work and can pick all day and into the night. With wages making up so much of a grower’s expense, the allure of robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient over time is hard to resist.
I do think the best humans are going to be able to outperform robots at these judgment-driven tasks,” said Eric Adamson, Tortuga’s cofounder and chief executive. “But that’s OK. It doesn’t have to be better than every human; it just has to be better than enough people.”
Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than labor-saving devices. They see them as the only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulation can adapt and survive.
1. How can the robot detect ripe strawberries?| A．By analyzing the sensor data. | B．By observing their positions. |
| C．By monitoring their stems. | D．By testing them in containers. |
| A．Add some relevant information. | B．Provide some advice for growers. |
| C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. | D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| A．Pressure. | B．Appeal. | C．Impact. | D．Expansion. |
| A．Robots replacing human labor. |
| B．Urgent need for agricultural robots. |
| C．Robots shaping the future of strawberry. |
| D．Great challenges of future robots. |
【推荐3】Virginia Guarddon can’t remember her life without some sort of art. She stared playing the piano when she was 6. At 10, she came across works by the Spanish poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, and she was hooked. She started writing poems that would be featured in a couple of books.
There’s something else that’s always been in her life: a type of skin lupus (狼疮) . “All of my life, I tried to find ways to make it better,” Guarddon said. “And that led to my trying to help others feel better about their skin.” The attempt took her to the U.S. in 1994, where she studied science and piano. And then she began a career in skin care. “ To me, skin is a form of art,” she said. “ I love making women feel beautiful.”
“ I wanted to create something of my own,” Guarddon said. “ I wanted to realize my dream.” Her dream? Combining all of her passions into one.
The result is Poet’s Garden Apothecary, Guarddon’s own skin care line and the online business: Poet’s Garden Alchemist. Guarddon teamed up with a laboratory to create her line of products, which she called “skin poetry”. The products, made for every skin type, include an oil face cleanser, day cream and night cream. With each purchase, customers receive a custom poem from one of the company’s contributors. And some earnings from the business go to the Poetry Foundation.
In the first few months of running business, Guarddon said, Poet’s Garden Alchemist is turning into an online poet’s movement. She often hosts live poetry readings on Instagram. “ To me, skin care and poetry go together,” she says. “ I’m trying to show that beauty is not just skin deep. It’s about our voice and how we express it.”
1. What inspired Guarddon to start her skin care art?| A．Gustavo’s works. | B．Her passion for music. |
| C．Her early experience. | D．The dream of being a poet. |
| A．They are made in a laboratory. |
| B．They are created to cure skin lupus. |
| C．They win high praise from customers. |
| D．They get financial support from the Poetry Foundation. |
| A．Reliable and modest. | B．Smart and hard-working. |
| C．Creative and caring. | D．Determined and ambitious. |
| A．How to Cure Skin Lupus | B．A Special Skin Product |
| C．The Secret to Running Business | D．Putting Passions into Business |
【推荐1】To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School, Massachusetts, school is very different.
Firstly, there are no lessons. All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want to. There are no teachers —only “staff members”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old, ‘Go to explore your environment.’ You can’t stop them!” says Daniel Greenberg, a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day, they will lose all taste for learning.”
At Sudbury Valley School, you will permit children to talk, read, paint, cook, work on computers, study French, play the piano, climb trees, or just run around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules. Every week, there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each—even the four-year-olds. They decide the school rules, how to spend the school budget, and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968, people said it would never work. But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
1. What is the main topic of the article?| A．An unusual school. | B．Children’s hobbies. |
| C．A school without rules. | D．Education in the US. |
| A．Teachers cannot teach children well. |
| B．Children learn best when they do what they want to do. |
| C．Learning is for adults—children should only play. |
| D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time. |
| A．They love learning. | B．They are very naughty. |
| C．They want to be outside all the time. | D．They are too young to learn anything. |
| A．The older children have more power than the younger children. |
| B．A child has more power than an adult. |
| C．The younger children have more power than the older children. |
| D．Everybody has equal power. |
【推荐2】Nothing feels more like summer than a neighborhood barbecue. But the annoyance of summer gatherings remains: the buzzing(嗡嗡声) of mosquitoes around our ears.
“The buzzing in your ear is mostly just a side effect of the mosquito's wings beating,” said Michael Riehle, a professor at the University of Arizona. “The sound doesn't have a long range, so you notice it most when they are flying around your ears.”
“From a distance, mosquitoes track carbon dioxide that we give out.” Riehle told Live Science. “They fly back and forth to follow that concentration level back to the source.”
But in fact, that buzzing you hear is likely from a female mosquito. That's because male and female mosquitoes lead very different lives. The males typically hang out and feed on the sweetest part of flowers; they couldn't care less about the humans wandering about. The females, however, need to find a blood meal in order to have enough energy to produce eggs.
As she approaches, the female mosquito zeros in on body heat and the carbon dioxide to land on the victim. The female mosquito uses taste sensors on her feet to determine whether the human, or any blood-bearing animal, is adequate to tap for her next meal.
But while we feel mosquitoes buzzing around our ears, Riehle noted that most mosquitoes are not attracted to our heads. Rather, these bloodsuckers may be more likely to seek out our feet, which have bacteria that give off attractive smell to mosquitoes. However, most people probably don't notice a mosquito buzzing around their ankles, he said.
Another study found that female mosquitoes were more attracted to men who had less diverse bacteria on their skin than to men with more diverse skin bacteria; these bloodsuckers also prefer those who wear dark colors, such as black.
1. What attracts mosquitoes to our head?| A．There is most carbon dioxide. | B．The face skin is easy to stick in. |
| C．There exists their favorite smell. | D．They can suck most blood there. |
| A．Her nose. | B．Her sensors. | C．Her eyes. | D．Her ears. |
| A．Black. | B．Blue. | C．White. | D．Red. |
| A．Why do mosquitoes buzz in our ears? |
| B．How can we avoid the buzzing of mosquitoes? |
| C．How are male and female mosquitoes different? |
| D．What effect does the buzzing of mosquitoes have? |
【推荐3】Tired of your quiet day-to-day life? How about leaving your computer games behind and taking up an extreme sport?
You can ride a bicycle, right? In that case you’re halfway to becoming a mountain biker. All you have to do is take your bike off the road and try some hilly areas. Mountain biking was developed in California in the 1970s and became an Olympic sport in 1996.
Not challenging enough? Skydivers jump from planes at a height of 1,000 to 4,000 meters. You have to be fit but there’s no age limit with this sport. For example, Dilys Price from Cardiff went on her first jump aged 54. The minute she came down, she wanted to go up again. She said: “It was so attractive”.
Some adventures have invented base jumping, in which people jump from tall structures, such as buildings or bridges, with a parachute. Many of their jumps aren’t legal, especially in the cities.Dan Witchalls has jumped off The Shard —London’s 310 meter-high building four times.He says, “Base jumping is scarier than jumping out of a plane. In a plane there is no sense of height, but when you are standing on the edge of the building you can see people and cars, the experience makes it very real.”
It seems there’s no shortage of imagination when it comes to risking life to look cool and get the heart beating wildly. Surfing, diving, rock climbing ...And how about extreme ironing? That is, pressing your clothes on top of a mountain! Extreme ironing is said to have been created in the 1990s in England by a man who saw a large amount of wrinkled clothes and felt bored when doing the cloth ironing. That man was Phil Shaw. For him, the excitement of this sport comes from looking at the viewers’ faces. Shaw says, “Sometimes they look confused; sometimes they laugh. It’s fun to see how people react to it.”
1. What does the author think about mountain biking?| A．A bit boring. | B．Challenging indeed. |
| C．Great fun. | D．Not very hard. |
| A．Skydivers have to be very healthy. | B．Skydiving is not challenging enough. |
| C．Elderly people can also take up skydiving. | D．People can easily become crazy about skydiving. |
| A．The sense of height. | B．Base jumping experience. |
| C．The edge of the building. | D．Jumping out of a plane. |
| A．He liked ironing clothes. | B．He wanted to make clothes ironing more fun. |
| C．He enjoyed different looks on people's faces. | D．He had a good view standing on top of a mountain. |
【推荐1】If you're like many people, you may have decided that you want to spend less time staring at your phone. It's a good idea: an increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is affecting our sleep, self-respect, relationships, memory, attention, creativity, productivity and problem solving and decision-making skills.
Until now, most discussions of phones' biochemical effects have focused on dopamine (多巴胺)，a brain chemical that helps us form habits. Smart-phones and apps are designed to cause dopamine's release, with the goal of making our phones difficult to put down.
But our phones' effects on cortisol（皮质醇）are potentially even more alarming. Cortisol is our primary fight-or-flight hormone. Its release（释放） causes our bodies' changes, such as a jump in blood pressure, heart rate and blood sugar, that help us react to and survive acute physical threats. But by raising levels of cortisol, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
The average American spends four hours a day staring at their smart-phone and keeps it within arm's reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment. The result, as Google has noted in a report, is that "mobile phones loaded with social media, email and news apps" create "a constant sense of commitment bringing unintended personal stress."
"Your cortisol levels are increased when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it," says David Greenfield, professor at the University of Connecticut School. "It's a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body's natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away."
But while doing so might comfort you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you're likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another increase in cortisol and another desire to check your phone to your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously strengthened, leads to increased cortisol levels, which have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack and so on.
1. What phone-related effect is dopamine responsible for?| A．Memory loss. | B．Increased mental stress. |
| C．A behavioral addiction. | D．Poor sleep quality. |
| A．Its decrease will improve heart rate. |
| B．Its release will lower blood pressure. |
| C．Its release has no benefits for humans. |
| D．Its increase is related to personal stress. |
| A．Ways to make phones less stressful. |
| B．Benefits of reducing dopamine levels. |
| C．Reasons why cortisol levels are increased. |
| D．Bad results of checking phones frequently. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Health. | C．Technology. | D．Education. |
This 90-minute leisurely walking tour does not go to the Globe Theatre (because everyone already knows it), but instead uncovers less known monuments and locations in the City of London with connections to Shakespeare’s life, his friends, his loves and his works.
The Shakespeare City Walk takes place on Fridays at 11 am. at Temple tube station.
Address: Temple tube station, London
Telephone: 44(0)790-574-6733
Camera Trails
Learn how to take better photos as you explore London with a professional photographer on a Camera Trails tour. Walk around Brick Lane and Spitalfields on the Urban East tour, or take photos of Elizabeth Tower and St. Paul's Cathedral on the South Bank tour.
Address: Trafalgar Square, London
Telephone: 44(0)798-957-9336
The Celebrity Planet
See celebrity (名人) homes, famous film locations, music landmarks and places linked to pop history on a Celebrity Planet tour. Find out about stars in Notting Hill, Mayfair, Primrose Hill or Chelsea, or try a Harry Potter, James Bond or Beatles tour.
Address: 40 Porchester Square, London
Telephone: 44(0)20-7193-8770
Email: info@thecelebrityplanet.com
Sandemans New London Tours
Sandemans New London Tours offer a completely free tour of Royal London, including the Changing of the Guard. There’s also an Old City of London Tour, and a Grim Reapers of London Tour. Our expert guides are all graduates of the world’s leading universities, including Yale, Cambridge and Oxford. As guides work for tips, you are guaranteed the best tour of London. Our walking tours are healthy and environmentally friendly, so you won’t contribute to the pollution problem of London’s cars and buses.
Email: info@neweuropetours.com
1. What is TRUE of the Shakespeare City Walk?| A．It takes place five days a week. |
| B．It consists of not so many famous destinations. |
| C．It lasts about half a day. |
| D．It includes a visit to a famous theatre. |
| A．receive some professional training | B．go to Temple tube station |
| C．join the South Bank tour | D．join the Urban East tour |
| A．call 44(0)798-957-9336 | B．call 44(0)790-574-6733 |
| C．go to 40 Porchester Square | D．email info(@neweuropetours.com |
【推荐3】British scientists monitoring the symptoms(症状) of COVID-19 say a loss of the sense of smell and an inability to taste food should be added to the list of well-known indicators(指标) of COVID-19, which include a high temperature, sore throat, and persistent(持续的) dry cough.
The scientists made the discovery after analyzing data collected through an app. The data was gleaned from interactions between 1.8 million users and the app between March 24 and March 31.The team looked at the information harvested from the app and developed a mathematical model that was able to conclude which symptoms in combination were the best at predicting who would subsequently test positive for the disease. The total basket of symptoms included fever, persistent cough, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and loss of smell and taste.
"When combined with other symptoms, people with loss of smell and taste appear to be three times more likely to have contracted COVID-19 according to our data, and should therefore self-isolate for seven days to reduce the spread of the disease," Tim Spector, the King's College professor who led the study, told the Reuters news agency.
However, the team said that a loss of smell and taste can also be an indicator of other infections(感染), such as a common cold, so not everyone with those symptoms will have COVID-19.
They said a high fever and persistent cough remain the most important indicators of COVID-19 and the loss of smell and taste should only be noted if they are in combination with other symptoms. So far, Public Health England and the World Health Organization said more research is needed.
1. The list of well-known indicators of COVID-19 does not include _______.| A．high temperature | B．persistent dry cough |
| C．a loss of the sense of hearing | D．sore throat |
| A．People who have lost the sense of smell and taste should self-isolate for 7 days. |
| B．His team developed a mathematical model to find out the positive cases. |
| C．A loss of smell and taste can also be an indicator of other infections. |
| D．A loss of smell and taste alone can be used as an indicator of COVID-19. |
| A．The data was collected through an app within two weeks. |
| B．People who can’t smell or taste must have contracted COVID-19. |
| C．A loss of smell and taste should be considered as one of the indicators of contracting the virus. |
| D．Patients of COVID-19 are more likely to lose the sense of smell than those with a common cold. |
| A．A common cold and COVID-19. |
| B．Why we lost the ability of smell and taste. |
| C．What we should do during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| D．New probable symptoms of COVID-19. |
【推荐1】"Mom, it's Christopher," my son cut in after the beep one day. "Mom, are you there?" My heart skipped a beat at the sound of his voice.
"Hey, Chris," I said, struggling to keep my voice calm. "What's wrong?"
"Nothing's wrong. I just wanted to know if it's okay if I bring home a kitten."
"A chicken? OK. But you'd better bring home two of them, if possible," I suggested. "They'll be company for each other."
We have several cats and a dog, and we'd kept rabbits for a while, but chickens were altogether different. As I drove the fifteen miles to school to pick up our twin boys, I began to hesitate. Food? A chicken coop? Anything else?
After pulling into the line in front of the school, I shut off the engine and texted my oldest son who works after school at the Missouri Farmers Association. I asked him to pick up whatever food and supplies might be necessary for two young chickens.
When the school doors opened, Benjamin and his brother pushed through the doors and ran down the steps. I gasped as he approached the car -with a black-and-white kitten in his arm.
"That's not a chicken!" I said, as he climbed into the back seat.
"I thought you asked if you could bring home a chicken," I said.
"Mo-o-o-m! I said ‘kitten,’ not ‘chicken’. Can we still keep them?"
There wasn't much sense arguing. After all, I had already agreed to take them, although I'd misunderstood what "them" consisted of.
"Yes, we can keep them," I said, sending a quick text to my oldest son asking him to cancel my request.
1. How did the author feel when hearing her son's voice on the phone?| A．Excited. | B．Moved. | C．Worried. | D．Guilty. |
| A．She didn't have anything ready for them. |
| B．She was very experienced at feeding them. |
| C．Building a new chicken coop is necessary. |
| D．Animals should be kept in the same coop. |
| A．She doesn't like cats. | B．She had a minor slip. |
| C．She is an editor. | D．She is ambitious. |
| A．A Short Cut is Often a Wrong Cut |
| B．Eggs Can't Be Put in One Basket |
| C．Curiosity Kills the Cat |
| D．Don't Count Your Chickens |
【推荐2】A group of swans (天鹅) flew down to a beach where a crow (乌鸦) was jumping around. The crow watched them with disdain (鄙视).
“You have no flying skills at all!” he said to the swans. “All you can do is to move your wings. Can you turn over in the air? No, that’s beyond you. Let’s have a flying competition. I’ll show you what real flying is!”
One of the swans, a strong young male, took up the challenge. The crow flew up and began to show his skills. He flew in circles, performed other flying tricks, and then came down and looked proudly at the swan.
Now it was the swan’s turn. He flew up, and he began flying over the sea. The crow flew after him, making all kinds of comments about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.
The swan pretended not to notice, and said, “Why do you keep touching the water, brother? Is that another trick?”
“No,” said the crow. He knew that he had lost the competition. “I’m in trouble because of my pride! If you don’t help me, I’ll lose my life…”
The swan took pity on him, and took him on his shoulders and flew back to the beach.
1. What does the underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 4 mean?| A．Tired. | B．Angry. |
| C．Frightened. | D．Regretful. |
| A．It was showing another flying skill. |
| B．It was struggling to keep itself from falling into the water. |
| C．It was thirsty and wanted to drink some water. |
| D．It was enjoying itself by doing so. |
| A．The crow didn’t know flying. |
| B．Flying skills were useless. |
| C．The swan saved the crow because they were good friends. |
| D．The swan was better at long-distance flying than the crow |
| A．No pains, no gains. | B．The early bird catches the worm (虫子). |
| C．Pride goes before a fall. | D．Practice makes perfect. |
【推荐3】According to a new US study, couples who expect their children to look after them in old age should hope they have daughters because daughters are twice as attentive as sons overall.
The research by Angelina Grigoryeva, from Princeton University, found that, while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage, men do as little as they can to get away with and often leave it to female family members.
Her analysis of the family networks of 26,000 old Americans concluded that gender (性别) is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.
In a paper presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care. Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, a study which has been tracking a cross-section of over 50s for the last decade, she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5.6 hours.
"Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister, while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother."
"This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters."
In the UK, the 2011 Census (人口普查) showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities, a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade.
But many are doing so at the risk of their health. The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a full time job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts (同事) who are not carers.
1. According to the finding of the research, from which of the following families will the old probably enjoyed the best care?| A．The parents with two sons. |
| B．The parents with one daughter. |
| C．The parents with two daughters. |
| D．The parents with one daughter and one son. |
| A．By giving out some questionnaires. |
| B．By tracking some of the American families. |
| C．By doing some research on a nursing home. |
| D．By analyzing some of the American family networks. |
| A．Angelina led the study of Health and Retirement Study. |
| B．Angelina analyzed various data and researches to get the finding. |
| C．Caring responsibilities are a heavy burden to most Americans. |
| D．Most male families will not take on the responsibility of looking after the old. |
| A．Many care providers work longer hours than others. |
| B．People should give up their job to care for the elderly. |
| C．People shouldn't pass on caring responsibilities to others. |
| D．Many care providers might have potential health problems. |
