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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:62 题号:11666212

The seal feels perfectly safe lying on the Antarctic ice even if it is surrounded by a pod of killer whales. But within minutes it has been knocked into the water in a clever team tactic before being killed. These astonishing pictures show how the sea predators work together—and the technique provides meals for killer whales three out of every four times they use it, according to scientists.

Research has also found that the mammals—around 26ft in length and weighing more than six tons—carefully kill the prey underwater,co-operating as they skin and dissect the seals. Dr Robert Pitman, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in California, took the shocking images of the pod going in for the kill. He said, “The killer whales were very good at knowing in advance if they were going to be able to wash a seal off a floe and they were always successful in getting the seal into the water. A couple of times the seal was washed off but managed to escape in the confusion, but not very often. From killer whale studies elsewhere we expected this kind of social interaction but it was the canniness of their hunting tactics that blew us away.”

Dr Pitman and his colleague Dr John Durban helped a BBC film crew capture their behaviour for the TV documentary series Frozen Planet, to be shown later this month. They spent weeks tracking and recording the hunting behaviour in the pack ice off the coast of the Antarctica Peninsula. The whales prefer Weddell seals, which can be up to 11 feet long, rather than the more aggressive crabeater and leopard seals. Dr Pitman told the Sunday Telegraph that the whales deal with seals who try to hide among the ice after being knocked into the sea by creating shock waves with their tails to knock them out into the open water.

He said, “The whales also blew streams of bubbles under the seals apparently trying to get them into open water where they wouldn't have a chance against the waiting killer whales.”

1. Which of the following is true about the killer whales' hunting tactic?
A.They kill the whale before knocking it into water.
B.They use the tactic three or four times before succeeding.
C.They make astonishing shows to have other sea predators work together.
D.They manage to earn their meals with the tactic in most cases.
2. As is mentioned in the passage, Robert Pitman______________.
A.worked as a reporter at BBC
B.filmed Frozen Planet all by himself
C.followed and recorded the killer whales for weeks
D.conducted studies on killer whales elsewhere in advance
3. From Pitman's study we know that killer whales____________.
A.use their skin to interactB.are normally 11 feet long
C.often have seals run away in the open waterD.take advantage of bubbles when hunting
4. What's the main idea of the passage?
A.A TV documentary series on seals.B.The canny team tactics of killer whales.
C.Dr Robert Pitman's latest study.D.The special living habits of killer whales.

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐1】The “swim-with-dolphins” tourist industry is becoming more popular every year. After all, it can cost a large amount of money to have this kind of holiday experience. So tour operators try to place eager swimmers as near as possible to the dolphins by trying to predict where the dolphins will be.

Research has shown that while dolphins can move away if they do not want to interact (交流) with human swimmers, they do not like it at all if the swimmers slip into the water directly on top of them or if humans are in their path of travel. However, if swimmers enter the water to one side of them, the dolphins do not avoid the swimmers to the same extent.

In all cases, the dolphins seem to have become more sensitive to the presence of the swimmers. For dolphins, swimming amongst or with humans is not necessarily a high priority. This research has shown that only 19% of any group of dolphins will participate in interaction. Young dolphins are the most likely to interact; they do seem curious about being with humans. It is believed that they see humans as “entertainment” and that the interaction is a new and unusual experience for them.

It is frequently asked whether “swim-with-dolphins” tourism should be discontinued. The advice is that dolphins should be given enough periods of time throughout the day when they are not exposed to tourism. Permitted interactions should not be too disturbing to the dolphins since there could be mothers and calves (幼崽) present in dolphin groups. There should also be educational campaigns about the creatures and what is likely to cause danger to them.

It is not easy to explain to someone that they cannot fulfill their lifelong dreams because the dolphins are resting, or that a mother dolphin and calf are in the area. But if we are to enjoy these remarkable animals and not just use them for our entertainment, then we must carefully monitor the “swim-with-dolphins” industry worldwide.

1. What makes “swim-with-dolphins” tourism popular?
A.The local government’s encouragement.
B.The improvement of people’s living standard.
C.The increasing number of tourists.
D.The high profits of the industry.
2. Why are young dolphins more likely to swim with humans?
A.They do this out of curiosity.
B.They like humans better.
C.They are less sensitive.
D.They prefer new things by nature.
3. What does the author suggest the “ swim-with-dolphins” industry do in Paragraph 4?
A.Avoid interaction with young dolphins.
B.Strictly limit the expansion of the industry.
C.Make people know the hidden threat to dolphins.
D.Expose dolphins to tourists only in the daytime.
4. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?
A.The industry has been a hot topic worldwide.
B.The industry aims to bring happiness to humans.
C.The industry enables humans to swim with dolphins.
2017-09-02更新 | 62次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约380词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐2】For parents with grown children, sometimes the pain of an empty nest can be better than the pain of a full basement. It turns out birds face a similar but slightly more deadly dilemma. When young birds leave the nest early, they help their future generations survive better but they themselves are more likely to die, according to a new study.

Young birds can have a tough life—as can their parents. A noisy nest attracts predators that can wipe out the entire year's reproductive efforts at one stroke. Thus, bird parents push their young to leave the nest early—even when they are not quite ready—to increase the chances that at least one will survive, making sure all their "eggs" are not in one basket. But these early birds suffer as a result. Their death rate can be as high as 70%, compared with just 12% for species that are late bloomers.

Suspecting survival rates had something to do with how ready the birds were to take wing. An ecologist, Thomas Martin, tested fledgling(雏鸟) flying ability at different ages in about a dozen species and recorded the results with high-speed video.

As expected, younger birds had poorly developed wings and flew badly. Moreover, when researchers forced a gray sparrow called a junco(which has some of the lowest fledgling survival rates among the species studied) to stay in the nest for 13 days instead of 10, more lived to adulthood. Just 10% died within 7 days, compared with 30% for the early birds.

But it turns out that some bird moms are willing to keep their kids in the nest a bit longer. Birds such as the white-breasted nuthatch(五子雀), which nests in well-protected tree holes, let the young hang about longer at home, Martin's team discovered. In contrast, birds that nest on the ground or in the open pushed for early departures. That's because they suffer comparatively high losses of chicks in the nest.

Are there any lessons for human parents? “Some parallels exist,” Martin says, “but with people, there's so much more culture that comes into it.”

1. What does the new study find?
A.Young Birds' early leaving from the nest benefits bird parents themselves.
B.Parents with grown children suffer the pain of an empty nest.
C.There is a strong bond between empty-nest parents and young birds.
D.The wrong time of young birds' leaving may bring the whole family a disaster.
2. Which does the underlined word “predators” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The birds' parents.B.The birds' natural enemies.
C.The younger competitors.D.The future generations.
3. What did the case of the gray sparrow show?
A.More birds have poorly developed wings than ever.
B.More gray sparrows live to adulthood than ever.
C.The longer the young stayed in the nests, the higher their survival rates were.
D.The earlier the young left the nests, the higher their survival rates were.
4. What may decide young birds' leaving time from home according to the research?
A.The bird moms.B.The bird species.
C.The wings' shape.D.The location of their nests.
2020-07-31更新 | 32次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】There are many gardening tips. Some suggest playing music for your house plants, having conversations with them, or even giving them a gentle touch now and then. Most of these practices are probably more for the benefit of the gardener than the garden, and generally harmless enough but except the last one. Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.

A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch, and even a light touch can seriously affect their growth. “The lightest touch from a human, animal, insect, or even plants touching each other in the wind, can make a huge gene(基因) response in the plant,” Jim Whelan, who led the new study, said. “Within 30 minutes of being touched, 10% of the plant’s genome(基因组) is changed. This causes a huge loss of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.”

Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond, at the genetic level, so strongly. They do have some theories, however. We know that when an insect lands on a plant, genes are awakened preparing the plant to defend itself against being eaten ,” said Dr. Yan Wang, co-author of the study.

Until more research is done, it’s just a guess at this point. Still, the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops to best promote(促进) healthier growth.

It’s worth noticing that while the study found that plants often respond to just a single touch in negative ways, it’s really repeated touching that causes lasting unhealthy growth. That’s because the plants are looking for styles in the touching, to tell harmful touch from random touch. So it doesn’t matter if you accidently brush up against a bush during a walk through the woods.

1. How is the passage mainly developed?
A.By giving examplesB.By comparing and describing
C.By listing numbersD.By showing results of studies
2. Why can touching prevent a plant growing according to the study?
A.It leads to the plant’s energy waste.
B.It makes the plant sensitive to dangers.
C.It causes a genetic disorder in the plant.
D.It prevents the plant receiving sunlight.
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Something is done to help plants grow.
B.Plants’ genome can be changed easily.
C.Plants don’t really like to be touched.
D.What we do every day may destroy plants.
2021-04-23更新 | 53次组卷
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