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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:213 题号:11718679

Sitting by the fire on a cold night, wearing a woolen sweater, while drinking wine and petting a dog—probably surrounded by candles. That’s certainly “Hygge”. Eating home-made cakes. Watching TV under a warm quilt. Family get-togethers at Christmas. They’re all Hygge too.

The Danish word, pronounced “Hoo-ga”, is usually translated into English as “coziness”. But it’s much more than that; it is an entire attitude to life that makes Denmark to compete with Switzerland and Iceland to be the world’s happiest countries.

Morley College, in central London, is teaching students how to reach the state of Hygge as part of its Danish language course. “We have long, cold winters in Denmark,” says lecturer Susanne Nilsson. “That influences things.” With up to 17 hours of darkness per day in the depth of winter, and average temperatures staying around zero degrees, people spend more time indoors as a result, says Nilsson, meaning there’s greater focus on home entertaining.

“Hygge could be families and friends getting together for a meal, with the lighting dimmed, or it could be time spent on your own reading a good book,” she says. “it works best when there’s not too large an empty space around the person or people,” the idea is to relax and feel as at home as possible, forgetting life’s worries.

The recent growth in some restaurants, cafes and bars in the UK is helping to introduce Hygge to the public, she adds, with their warm environment, lively decorations and concentrations on comforting food. Most customers won’t have heard of the word, but they might get a sense of it.

1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.List the good results of Hygge.B.introduce the topic of Hygge.
C.Describe the spread of Hygge.D.point out the importance of Hygge.
2. The underlined word “coziness” most likely means __________.?
A.Being carefulB.Being responsible
C.Being comfortableD.Being hard-working
3. What is the reason for Danish to want a Hygge lifestyle?
A.Danish are crazy about outdoor activities.B.Danish prefer home entertainment to work.
C.Hygge is part of the Danish language course.D.Winters in Denmark are quite long and cold.

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【推荐1】Feel exhausted after a party? Rather see one close friend than a group of acquaintances? Enjoy your own company? In our world, that makes you an introvert (内向的人). However, there’s another possible explanation — vertical attachment. If you are closer to your parents and family members than to your peers, you are vertically attached, which means you rely more on family for comfort.

If you are closer to your peers, then you are peer attached. We live in a peer-oriented world. We believe that having lots of friends means that we are well-adjusted. We put our kids in playgroups and daycare for peer interaction. We expect teenagers to want to hang out with their friends, thinking it is the natural way of things.

Result? Generations often feel worlds apart. We use different language, dress, and technology apps. Even if multiple generations are invited to the same party, the kids go to the basement playroom while the parents stay upstairs. Vertically-attached individuals can feel out of place in this context, demonstrating the traces of introversion. Will they be exhausted after a party with same-aged acquaintances? Absolutely. Would they rather spend time with one close friend? Sure. Do they enjoy alone time? Yes, more than they enjoy time fitting in with peers.

It’s normal that many people need alone time to recharge. However, vertically-attached people often label themselves as introverted. They feel insecure that others have more friends and live richer lives. They claim that their family attachments arise from their loved ones being stuck with them.

If you feel these insecurities, know that there is nothing wrong with you, and you are not missing out on anything. Your attachment style is just different from the culture where you live. Have confidence in the strength of the relationships you have, whether it is with a mom who feels more like a best friend, or a grandmother with whom you can share anything. They are meaningful, enriching relationships, even if they look different from the cultural norm.

1. Who is vertically attached according to the text?
A.Tom, who feels at ease with his teachers.
B.Lily, who enjoys film time alone at weekends.
C.Jim, who often turns to her dad when things are hard.
D.Marry, who feels burnt out after a family get-together.
2. What is the popular belief among parents?
A.Younger generations should be self-disciplined.
B.Being sociable is a desired quality for their children.
C.Their children need more friends than they themselves do.
D.Different generations should have different circles of acquaintances.
3. What advice is given to vertically-attached people?
A.Be that as it may, just leave it as it is.
B.Never underestimate your inner power.
C.Hang out more with friends and adjust to it.
D.Treat others the way you want to be treated.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards vertically-attached people?
A.Sympathetic.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.
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【推荐2】During the COVID-19(新冠病毒)crisis, working from home has become common for many people. For some, working from home is distracting and exhausting. But one pioneering study found that working from home increased output by 13%. Nicholas Bloom, a professor at Stanford University in California, began the experiment when James Liang, one of the founders of Trip.com Group-the largest online travel agency in China-met Bloom in Stanford and mentioned to him how expensive Shanghai housing was, how the costs of maintaining company headquarters were huge there, and that he was thinking of letting his staff work from home. This idea made Bloom interested.

Bloom started to test Liang’s thought. First, 1000 employees who volunteered for the study were divided into two teams, separated by birth dates. Those born on even days got to work from home 4 out of 5 weekdays for the next 9 months Those born on odd days stayed in the office all week long. Then the two teams were tracked. It was easy to do, as these workers had repetitive, straightforward tasks that could easily be quantified(量化), and their productivity could easily be measured-making bookings in the system or making phone calls, for example. Nine months passed; Bloom and Liang discovered workers were 13% more productive at home.

Bloom’s data suggests the staff could become much more productive while working from home long term-but it’s not so straightforward. In the experiment, there were warmings as to who could take part in the first place. Participants had to meet 3 requirements: have no kids, have a room that wasn’t their bedroom and have quality Internet on equipment which the firm installed for them at home. So there’s no guarantee that everyone’s productivity will increase.

Lynda Grattan, a professor at London Business School, distrusts other points: Bloom’s experiment was easy to carry out because it was essentially happening at a call centre. “We have no proper data on the productivity of knowledge workers when they’re based at home,” she says.

1. Why did Liang want to let the staff work from home?
A.To decrease the staff salaries.B.To avoid the spread of COVID-19.
C.To save the costs of working in the office.D.To prove the advantage of remote work.
2. How did Bloom conduct the experiment?
A.By giving questionnaires to all the staff.
B.By following the productivity of two teams.
C.By interviewing volunteers about their feelings.
D.By analyzing features of various working environment.
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.The experiment has attracted many volunteers.
B.The staff working at home always finish more tasks
C.The speed of the Internet decides the productivity of workers.
D.Workers’ high productivity is based on suitable working conditions.
4. What does Grattan think of the experiment?
A.It doesn’t apply to easy tasks.
B.It ignores the role of parents at home.
C.It inspires knowledge workers to work at home.
D.It needs further study for knowledge workers.
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【推荐3】Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune but never realizes it? Don’t blame them-they may have amusia (失歌症), a disorder in the brain.

Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Amusia can range from difficulty in recognizing melodies to a total inability to distinguish between different musical notes, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and low sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specifically related to music.

In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ relatives were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information.

Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s spatial (空间的) processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spatial imagination. They were asked to judge whether pairs of images are the same object rotated (旋转) or mirror images.

The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way the brain stores information about the high and low notes in melodies, according to the study.

Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they are “tone-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about1. 5 percent of the population, as estimated by the2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to improve their ability to recognize tones if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science.

1. According to the article, what do people with amusia find easy to do?
A.Recognizing melodies.B.Recognizing tunes.
C.Identifying human voices.D.Distinguishing between different musical notes
2. What did the 2017 study tell us about amusia?
A.Amusia is a result of brain damage.B.Amusia is common among children.
C.Many individuals with amusia are born with it.D.Those who are tone-deaf often suffer from amusia.
3. What did the study by scientists at the University of Otago show?
A.People with amusia have strong spatial imagination skills.
B.People with amusia struggle to judge the shape of images
C.Amusia may be related to one’s level of music education.
D.Amusia may be linked with how the brain stores note information.
4. How can people with amusia improve their musical ability, according to Peretz?
A.Learn how to read earlier in life.B.Start to explore and learn music early.
C.Seek medical treatment.D.Sing frequently with friends.
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