Along with silk and paper,gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West. The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD. The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and for signal flares. Gunpowder was also thought to have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术). This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accident —by alchemists when doing experiments.
The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919 AD. By the 11th century,explosive bombs filled with gunpowder were introduced and used in China. The words “fire cannon” “rocket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the official Song history as well as two other books written during the same period.
The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare was in connection with a battle fought in 1126 when the Song army used it against the invading enemy. The so-called “ fire cannon” was a tube made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which, when fired, threw a flaming missile towards the enemy. According to a description of a battle scene in 1132, it took two persons to carry a “fire cannon”, and the cannons were fired from a moving platform. And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged(被围攻的) city.
Gunpowder reached Japan, the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century, and the Arabs improved gunpowder for military use. The early account of gunpowder in Europe was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century. One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls. From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
1. Gunpowder was discovered _________.| A．by alchemists when they had an accident |
| B．by alchemists after studying it for a long time |
| C．accidentally by alchemists |
| D．experimentally by alchemists |
| A．Convenient. | B．Heavy. |
| C．Useless. | D．Simple. |
| A．“fire cannons” at early times would be less helpful if they were far away from the object |
| B．alchemists devoted themselves to the study of gunpowder |
| C．the Silk Road spread to the West because of the invention of gunpowder |
| D．the first detailed description of using “fire cannons” in warfare was in 1132 |
| A．Powerful Fire Cannons | B．Four Inventions of Ancient China |
| C．The Discovery of the Alchemy | D．Gunpowder |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The first person to receive a brain-monitoring device from neurotechnology company Neuralink can control a computer cursor(光标) with his mind, Elon Musk, the firm’s founder, revealed this week. But researchers say that this is not a major feat — and they are concerned about the secrecy around the device’s safety and performance.
Musk announced on 29 January that Neuralink had implanted a brain–computer interface (BCI) into a human for the first time. Neuralink, which is headquartered in Fremont, California, is the third company to start long-term trials in humans.
The Neuralink chip contains 64 flexible polymer threads, providing 1,024 sites for recording brain activity according to the company’s study brochure. That is considerably more than Blackrock Neurotech’s BCIs, the only other single-neuron recording system to have been implanted long-term in humans. So the Neuralink device can improve brain–machine communication.
The company has also produced a surgical robot for inserting its device. But it has not confirmed whether that system was used for the first human implant. Details about the first recipient are also scarce, although Neuralink’s volunteer recruitment brochure says that people with quadriplegia(四肢瘫痪者) stemming from certain conditions “may qualify”.
This week, Musk said on Spaces — an audio component of his social-media platform X — that the volunteer “seems to have made a full recovery, with no ill effects that we are aware of” and “is able to move a mouse around the screen by just thinking”.
To researchers working on implanted neurotechnologies, this achievement is underwhelming. Controlling a computer mouse with one’s thoughts could enable people living with paralysis to regain some independence and functionality. But it is a far cry from Musk’s ambitions for the Neuralink device. “Imagine if Stephen Hawking could communicate faster than a speed typist or auctioneer,” Musk wrote last month on X. “That is the goal.”
However, even more important at this stage, researchers say, is safety — of both the device and the surgery. Sheth says he and other researchers are in the dark about the system’s first application in the clinic.
1. Which one is right about Neuralink?| A．The researchers in Neuralink can control a computer cursor with their mind. |
| B．Neuralink is the first company to start long-term trials in humans. |
| C．Neuralink used a surgical robot to insert its device for the first human implant. |
| D．Neuralink has successfully implanted a BCI into a human. |
| A．indifferent | B．inadequate | C．obvious | D．enough |
| A．He is technologically competent. |
| B．He provides insights into promoting neurotechnology. |
| C．He has an ambitious goal for the Neuralink device. |
| D．He holds a firm belief that Stephen Hawking could speak faster. |
| A．Mind-reading devices are coming |
| B．Mind-reading devices are revealing the brain’s secrets |
| C．Neuralink brain chip: what scientists think of first human trial |
| D．Neuralink brain chip: advance sparks safety and secrecy concerns |
【推荐2】To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been thinking small. They are making microrobots with special capabilities. Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that propel (推动) them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they start to break it down. When the light goes out, they let go and are free to be used again.
Chemist Martin Pumera led the project. He studies ways to build microrobots. About a decade ago, scientists began developing tiny robots that could move in the water. Then they decided to make them do something useful. Pumera chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics.
“We have a big plastic pollution problem now. Using less plastic is the most important step. After that, we should do some cleaning. This is where I see a role for Pumera’s robots. They’re a really interesting idea to help with cleanup efforts down the road,” says chemist Sherri Mason.
Pumera’s final goal is to make environmentally friendly robots that can be used anywhere in the world. He supposes that at first they might be the most useful in plants that treat wastewater. There they can remove the plastic before it reaches open water. His group is not there yet. But they are getting close. And they want to make the tiny garbage collectors reusable.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading (降解) them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment. Blackiston, a biologist who did not work on the project, says, “They’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in open waterways.” But he thinks one day, microrobots can play a big role in a worldwide cleanup effort.
1. What is the microrobot used for?| A．Cleaning up plastic pollution in water. | B．Transforming solar energy into power. |
| C．Aiding chemists in carrying out experiments. | D．Recording the movements of underwater creatures. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Doubtful. | C．Worried. | D．Supportive. |
| A．They will replace other cleaning robots. | B．They will function normally without light. |
| C．They will be improved for wider use. | D．They will be highly praised for their operating systems. |
| A．Microrobots have reached an advanced level. |
| B．There are still many challenges concerning microrobots. |
| C．Microplastics are increasing in various environments. |
| D．It’s wise to use microrobots in open waterways now. |
【推荐3】A great invention by an 18-year-old high school student grew out of a simple problem most teenagers meet with.
“I'm a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies，so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” Eesha Khare said on Tuesday. “That's how I came across the super capacitor.”
The teenager who came from California, and graduated from high school last week，won a $50，000 prize on May 17，2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds.
“It charges very quickly and can store a lot of energy，” Khare said. “The cool thing is that it's a lot thinner than one strand of hair.”
Khare hasn't used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet，but she used it to power a light-emitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量). If used on cellphones，the supercharger would slide on to the phone's battery to juice it up in a matter of seconds. The technology isn't available to consumers yet，and it could be years until it is.
At an Intel event in Phoenix，Khare won the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award，taking second place overall in the world's largest high school science research competition. She beat out more than 1，600 finalists from 70 countries. She said that she has been approached by several companies to continue her research，but she is now focused on attending Harvard University in autumn.
“Right now，just my education，but hopefully we'll see what happens in the future，” she said about her plans. “I have a lot of interests，so we'll see what I do in the future.”
1. The passage starts with ________．| A．what problem most teenagers meet with in life |
| B．how Khare helped others with their problems |
| C．why Khare decided to make the invention |
| D．how teenagers make use of their cellphones |
| A．was most probably born in 1995 |
| B．will graduate from high school |
| C．will donate much of her prize |
| D．is the first teenager to win such a big prize |
| A．is as thin as a hair |
| B．can produce enough energy soon |
| C．has been popular on the market |
| D．has not been put in use in daily life |
【推荐1】You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.
The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on marking them the most luxurious ships on the water.
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ship were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’s and the Britannic’s tragic end.
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the three Olympic class ships?| A．They performed marvelously on the sea. |
| B．They could all break the ice in their way. |
| C．They all experienced terrible misfortunes. |
| D．They were models of modern engineering. |
| A．Their capacity of sailing across all waters. |
| B．The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy. |
| C．Their ability to survive disasters of any kind. |
| D．The long voyages they were able to undertake. |
| A．Their unscientific designs |
| B．Their captains’ misjudgment |
| C．The assumption that they were built with the latest technology |
| D．The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body |
| A．was used to carry troops |
| B．was sunk in World War I |
| C．was converted into a hospital ship |
| D．was retired after her naval service |
【推荐2】Constructed in the third century BC, the Terracotta Army is a collection of clay sculptures presenting the forces of the First Emperor of China- Qin Shi Huang. The figures include more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses. Their varying clothes, facial features and body types have long impressed people. But historian Dan Snow says, “The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures, where do they come from? They are nothing like any figure made in China before them, something changed. Something remarkable happened here 2,200 years ago."
Mr Snow explains historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world. But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory.
The time of the First Emperor was around 220BC. When, on the eastern edge of the Eurasian（欧亚的）landmass, was the Chinese worlds with competing mini-states over there. Over on the west of Eurasia, the Roman Empire started to expand over here and Greece was a great power,
"What's going on artistically in the East and West is very different in the third century BC. The classic Greek art is easy to recognize, with the absolute high watermark of artistic expression, beautiful—metre-and-a-half tall, human in its look. But in the Chinese world, you've got just 10cm tall, far more basic." says Mr Snow. He continues, "Then something changes, in fact, everything changes—there's a revolution. Suddenly, in 220BC you get the Terracotta Army lightyears ahead of what's gone before. It starts to look far less like before and far more like what's going on in the western world, both life-size, both lifelike, both attempts at realism."
This couldn't be more important, because it's always been assumed that China developed in isolation（隔离）. But if that's not the case, if the First Emperor of China imported western ideas and techniques to create his extraordinary arts, that forces us to completely rewrite the history books.
1. What confused Dan Snow about the Terracotta Army?| A．Why Qin Shi Huang ordered to create them. |
| B．Who instructed ancient people to create them. |
| C．Why their design was different from previous time. |
| D．What kind of clothes ancient people preferred to wear. |
| A．It was closed to the outside world. |
| B．Many mini-states coexisted peacefully. |
| C．Building army of sculptures was very common then. |
| D．It built a good relationship with the rest of the world. |
| A．They were in small size. |
| B．Their styles changed greatly. |
| C．Their facial expressions seemed real. |
| D．They looked similar to the Greek ones. |
| A．The Development of Chinese Art |
| B．Westerners Found in Ancient China |
| C．The Discovery of China's Terracotta Army |
| D．Historians Reconsidering the Remote Past of China |
【推荐3】In 1547, the King of Spain sent a coded letter to his ambassador (大使) in France. Now, after nearly 500 years, researchers have finally cracked (破译) the code and can read the letter. Charles V was the king of Spain from 1516 to 1556. But his power went far beyond Spain. As the “Holy Roman Emperor”, Charles V controlled lands across Europe. In spite of his great power; he had to manage many threats. At the time, many forces were competing to control Europe, including powerful groups with different religious beliefs. Relations with other leaders were tricky.
Three years before the letter was written, Charles V had made a peace deal with King Francis I of France. But there was still a lot of information he didn’t want to share with the King of France. At the time, the only way to communicate across long distances was to send letters. But letters weren’t secure. They could easily be copied or stolen. So Charles V used a complicated code to send information that needed to be kept secret.
Cecile Pierrot, an expert in codes began to try to figure out what the letter said. Parts of the letter were written in ordinary French. But the coded parts were made up of about 120 different symbols. The code was harder to crack than Ms. Pierrot expected. But as the researchers studied the three-page letter, they began to notice some patterns. Some symbols stood for just one letter. Others stood for several letters combined. And a few of the symbols stood for whole words. Some symbols meant nothing at all and were only included to make the code harder to break.
Progress went faster once the team started working with historian Camille Desenclos. She showed the team other coded letters sent to and from Charles V. On one of those letters, the person who got the letter had written out what the coded part of his letter meant. Some of the symbols on that letter were the same as the code the researchers were working on. Finding the letter helped them break their code much more quickly. “It was the key,” said Ms. Pierrot. There are hundreds of similar letters all over Europe. The discovery opens the door to even more history.
1. What do we know about Charles V?| A．He was a big threat to world peace. |
| B．He was in power for about 40 years in Spain. |
| C．He liked to play tricks on other leaders. |
| D．He had a talent for writing coded letters. |
| A．Background information of Charles V’s coded letter. |
| B．Ways to communicate across long distances in Europe. |
| C．The relationship between Charles V and King Francis I. |
| D．The information Charles V wanted to convey in the letter. |
| A．The length of the letter. |
| B．The combined figures. |
| C．Some meaningless symbols. |
| D．The French language. |
| A．Charles V Liked Coded Letters Better |
| B．Messages Were Sent Using Secret Codes |
| C．Experts in Codes Work on Secret Letters |
| D．Researchers Crack 500-Year-Old Mystery Code |
【推荐1】In recent years, people have been focusing on the quality of food that children are fed in schools. Former First Lady Michelle Obama worked hard to make school lunches healthier, resulting in new menus that featured less fat and salt, more fruits, vegetables, and leaner proteins.
But high-quality nutrients count for little when there is no time to eat them and lack of lunch time is a serious problem in schools across the United States. Amy Ettinger reports, “There is no national standard on how much time kids get to eat that meal.” And with schools being occupied with test scores, teachers are using every available minute for lesson time, which often leaves kids without enough eating time.
This is a problem because the length of the school lunch period is a key factor in how much nutrition children actually get. A research has found that having less than 20 minutes for lunch results in children consuming much less of their lunches than those with more than 20 minutes.
This is really terrible. For many low-income kids, that cafeteria lunch can represent half their daily energy intake. There’s also another terrible message that it’s acceptable to wolf down food as fast as possible before rushing off to your next class. Cafeteria time should be a chance to interact with friends, to learn important social skills, to observe and share varieties of food. It should be a respite in the day, a chance to relax mentally and physically before heading into the afternoon.
As Ettinger explains, some parents are hoping the National Parent Teacher Association will address this issue at its next meeting and take an official stance. This, in turn, would help parents push their kids’ schools for better lunch time standards. Meanwhile, if you have a kid in this situation, you can help by packing a healthy lunch to spare them the cafeteria lineup. Make the foods easy to unwrap and eat, provide non-messy snacks that can be eaten in class, put significant effort into serving a hearty breakfast, and sit down as a family for dinner whenever possible.
1. What is happening to children in American schools?| A．They lack lunch eating time. |
| B．They get badly along with each other. |
| C．They consume more meat than before. |
| D．They are occupied with many outdoor activities. |
| A．They can’t take in enough nutrients. |
| B．They can’t share different kinds of food. |
| C．They can’t learn some important social skills. |
| D．They can’t hold a positive attitude towards life. |
| A．Test. | B．Challenge. |
| C．Belief. | D．Break. |
| A．By guiding their kids how to eat lunches. |
| B．By preparing a better lunch for their kids. |
| C．By stopping their kids going to the cafeteria. |
| D．By forcing the schools to make adjustments. |
【推荐2】The UK’ S Best Theme Parks
Drayton Manor Theme Park, Staffordshire
The new Tamarin Trail takes adventurers through beautiful gardens, allowing kids and adults to come face-to-face with a troop of monkeys. The park is also home to Europe’ s only Thomas Land, which last year underwent a £2.5m expansion, including new rides. There are thrilling rides, including the stand-up roller coaster, Shockwave, and the 54-metre drop tower, Apocalypse.
Adults from £l5, children from £10(under-2s free)
Thorpe Park, Surrey
All aboard Derren Brown’ s Ghost Train which opened in July 2016. This 10-15 minute train journey includes exciting live-action performances, 4D special effects and so on. Also new is “I’ m a Celebrity. Maze (迷宫)” , and there are some of the highest and fastest rides in Europe here too.
Adults from £28, children from £24(under-3s free)
Warwick Castle, Warwickshire
Although not officially a theme park, this medieval castle offers history, magic, myth and adventure to suit all ages, and is now home to the UK’s first fully interactive and multi-sensory Horrible Histories Maze, giving vistors a fascinating experience of getting lost in time. From July, you can sleep over in the new riverside Middle Ages-themed woodland cottages of Knight’s Village.
From £31(under-3s free)
Chessington World of Adventures, Surrey
Following the Pandamonium live show in 2016, last year saw The Gruffalo River Ride Adventure open at Chessington, which has over 40 rides and attractions. Rides include Dragon Falls, Safari Skyway, Toadies Crazy Cars and Runaway Train.
From £29(under-3s free)
1. Where animal-loving children probably advised to go?| A．Warwick Castle. | B．Thorpe Park. |
| C．Chessington World of Adventures. | D．Drayton Manor Theme Park. |
| A．£40. | B．£52. | C．£56 | D．£80. |
| A．Children should be accompanied by adults. | B．Certain kids have free entry to the parks. |
| C．They all offer exciting rides in the parks. | D．They have all been rebuilt before reopening. |
【推荐3】Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.
It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.
1. According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.| A．warn other birds of risks | B．produce more songs |
| C．perform perfectly in singing | D．defend their territory |
| A．Prepares. | B．Stimulates. | C．Forbids. | D．Frightens. |
| A．They lost the ability to sing. | B．They strengthened their muscles. |
| C．Their songs showed no difference. | D．Their songs became less appealing. |
| A．The songbirds live on music. | B．The songbirds are born singers. |
| C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy. | D．Practice makes birds perfect singers. |
【推荐1】In 1985, the BMX bike craze was at its height. Every kid in our community was doing tricks on their BMX Raleigh Burner. Every kid apart from two: me and Martin Ogley. Martin was the owner of a purple Raleigh Chopper, and to be seen riding it in 1985 was embarrassing. The kids would knock into Martin mercilessly at every opportunity. And although I didn’t own any kind of bike, I would join in. I knew that by keeping the focus on Martin, I was less likely to be a target.
When other kids asked where my bike was, I would say my BMX was so top-of-the-range that I didn’t ride it on the street. While I knew it would not hold up forever, I wasn’t too worried. The New Year was coming and, after months of complaining to my dad, I was confident that a BMX would appear.
On the New Year, I was disappointed to see Martin playing at the end of our street on what was clearly a brand-new BMX. As we entered the house, my eyes were drawn to where my presents were piled up. There was a bike. A purple Raleigh Chopper. You see, in the week before the New Year, my dad just happened to be drinking in the local working men’s club with Martin’s dad, who was eager to sell an old bike after buying his son a new one.
It wasn’t until I was in my 30s that we were in that same working men’s club and I reminded my dad of that year, the year of Martin Ogley’s Chopper. I thought he wouldn’t remember the whole thing, but he did. And so I asked him the question: How the hell did I end up with Martin Ogle’s Chopper? And my dad smiled and said as though it were the most obvious thing in the world, “Well, because you were mean to Martin.”
1. Why did the writer join the kids in treating Martin badly?| A．To protect Martin. | B．To be friends with them. |
| C．To get Martin’s bike. | D．To avoid being the focus. |
| A．Work. | B．Stop. | C．Fail. | D．Stay. |
| A．He bought it from the market. | B．He got it from Martin’s father. |
| C．He asked Martin to give it away. | D．He exchanged it with his friend. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Canyoning (蹦谷运动)
The sports of canyoning explore the high-energy environment where water meets rock on the coast. Protected by wetsuits and helmets (头盔), people jump from cliffs (悬崖) and waterfalls and discover caves that would not normally be arrived at.
It was first done in the U.K. by TYF Adventure (01437 721611, www.tyf.com) and several thousand people jump from the cliffs near St David’s each year. A half day canyoning trip costs ￡50 (￡30 for children under 16).
Diving (潜水)
Diving is not popular with British people. The difficulties of wild waters are greater because the water is colder and not clear enough, but the coasts of Cornwall, Wales and Scotland have some of the best diving in the world.
The British Sub Aqua Club (0870 112 9133, www.bsac.com) and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (01580 819688, www.padi.com) run courses teaching the important skills.
Surfing (冲浪)
The best surfing places in the UK are on the southwest coast where it is warmer, especially in Cornwall. The best time of year to surf in the UK is late summer and autumn when water temperatures are warmer.
The British Surfing Association (01479 861256, www.britsurf.co.uk) has a list of famous surf schools around the country.
Rock climbing
The most popular natural rocks in Britain include the Peak District, the Lake District, while large areas of Scotland are a climber’s ideal place. Climbing courses and climbing walls can be found on the website of the British Mountaineering Council (0870 010 4878, www.thebmc.co.uk) which offers a series of short films that take the new climber through a step-by-step guide to visiting a climbing wall for the first time.
1. If a couple with their child of 15 join in Canyoning for a day, they will pay ______.
| A．￡130 | B．￡160 | C．￡260 | D．￡320 |
| A．01479 861256 | B．0870 010 4878 |
| C．01437 721611 | D．0870 112 9133 |
| A．Canyoning. | B．Diving. |
| C．Surfing. | D．Rock climbing. |
【推荐3】At the Green Free School in Copenhagen, students learn how to read and write and they study math and science. But the curriculum centers on sustainability.
The goal of the school is to prepare the students—about 200 of them, ranging in age from 6 to 15—for the green “transition.” That’s the transformation toward a sustainable society.
As a filmmaker, Ambo says she has always learned how to be around the world in a respectful way. Yet, she never saw that respect taught to children in Danish schools.
“So we founded a school where sustainable learning was the focus,” she says.
The school’s syllabus is modeled on systems thinking and project learning. System thinking is a way of learning that looks at how the pieces of a puzzle are related, instead of just looking at one small part. For example, how is a tree interconnected with other living things and what happens if part of the connection breaks along the way? Students also focus on project learning and hands-on thinking. They grow vegetables in the garden or look for wild mushrooms, draw pictures of them, then learn how to cook them and eat them. They do experiments on fibers and clothing, learning how much heat it takes to melt a piece of thread.
“They learn at an early age how to make their own data and be critical and curious about what kind of data they are presented with,” Ambo says.
They take classes to identify greenwashing as well, which is learning how to see through misleading claims about whether a company or a product or a material is truly sustainable or environmentally sound.
Although traditional education is still important at the school, students don’t have tests or exams, which make it different from other kinds of schools. Those parents who choose the school just because of its smaller size sometimes don’t stay very long, Ambo says.
1. What does Ambo aim to do?| A．Train filmmakers | B．Teach sustainable learning |
| C．Popularize compulsory education | D．Educate kids to respect others |
| A．Learning styles | B．Teaching aims |
| C．The concept of syllabus | D．Examples of system thinking |
| A．A method of ridding products of green color |
| B．A skill to see through misleading claims or lies |
| C．A technique to make materials truly sustainable |
| D．A behavior to pretend to be environmentally concerned |
| A．The school is free for poor children | B．The students cook meals on their own |
| C．Students don’t need to worry about exams | D．Traditional education is especially important |
