With COVID-19 outbreaks at different stages around the world, in many countries lockdowns (封城) are being carefully eased off while urging citizens to keep on practicing the social distancing rules. Singapore is trying a new way of carrying it out—a robot dog.
The government has arranged Spot, a yellow and black robotic dog made by Boston Dynamics Company, at one local park. The same robot has ever been seen dancing to hit song “Uptown Funk” before. However, 2020 is an extremely difficult year and the company is trying to assist the national coronavirus-control effort. In turn, the job has been handed over to Spot.
The four-legged robot dog patrols (巡查) the park and broadcasts a pre-recorded message to encourage visitors to observe safe distancing measures. As it walks around the park, the dog says in a female voice, “Let’s keep Singapore healthy. For your own safety and for those around you, please stand at least one meter apart. Thank you.”
Spot is one of the world’s most advanced robots and unlike wheeled robots, it is capable of going pretty much anywhere a dog can go and can walk up to three miles per hour over different areas, making it ideal for operation in public parks and gardens. Furthermore, it is remotely controlled and has cameras with 360-degree vision and analytic tools to scan the surroundings and help officials estimate the number of people gathering in the park.
For now, the project is currently set to run in a limited trial for two weeks at one park during off-peak (非高峰) hours. But if all goes well, authorities will consider expanding the program to improve enforcement (强制) of social distance throughout on Singapore.
Spot is also being used in other ways during the public health crisis beyond just patrolling a park. The government says it’s also using Spot in another capacity—at a local isolation facility where the robot helps bring medicine to patients.
1. What do we know about Spot in the passage?| A．It’s a dog-like robot that can speak. |
| B．It’s a robot that can sing a popular song. |
| C．It’s a wheeled robot that can walk anywhere. |
| D．It’s a robot newly invented during the pandemic (流行病). |
| A．It enforces people to follow the rules. |
| B．It politely tells people to keep apart. |
| C．It works day and night to patrol the park. |
| D．It warns visitors against throwing trash anywhere. |
| A．Some smart features of the robot. |
| B．The robot dog’s basic equipment. |
| C．The working condition of the robot. |
| D．The experiment process of the project. |
| A．Spot, a Dog like Robot, Walks in the Park. |
| B．A New Program is Expanding in Singapore. |
| C．A Multi-skilled Robot Goes Beyond the Park. |
| D．Singapore Leads the Top in Fighting COVID-19. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Every day, people share more than 2 billion photos on the Internet. While visual content provides a fun and expressive way for people to communicate online, consuming and creating it poses challenges for people who are blind or severely visually impaired (受损的). With more than 39 million people who are blind, and over 246 million who have a severe visual impairment, many people may feel excluded from the conversation around photos on the Internet. The researchers from Harvard University want to build technology that helps the blind community appreciate photos in the same way others enjoy them.
Automatic alternative text is a new development that generates a description of a photo using advancements in object recognition technology. People using screen readers on digital devices will hear a list of items a photo may contain as they click photos on the Internet. Before today, people using screen readers would only hear the name of the person who shared the photo, followed by the term “photo” when they came upon an image. Now they can offer a richer description of what’s in a photo thanks to automatic alternative text. For instance, someone could now hear “an image containing three people, smiling, outdoors”.
This is possible because of Harvard University’s object recognition technology, which is based on a network that has billions of parameters and is trained with millions of examples. Each advancement in object recognition technology means that the researchers will be able to make technology even more accessible to more people. When people are connected, they can achieve extraordinary things as individuals and as a community, and when everyone is connected, we all benefit from it.
They are launching automatic alternative text first on cellphone screen readers set to English, but they plan to add this functionality for other languages and platforms soon. While this technology is still nascent, using its current capabilities to describe photos is an important step toward providing our visually impaired community with the same benefits and enjoyment that everyone else gets from photos.
1. Why is the technology launched?| A．There are so many photos on the Internet. |
| B．There are many people suffering from blindness. |
| C．Some digital devices are in need of the technology. |
| D．People with vision problems fail to enjoy photos online. |
| A．It can offer more photos to blind people. |
| B．It can describe more about online photos. |
| C．It can recognize the person who shares photos. |
| D．It can satisfy the common needs of blind people. |
| A．The photos on the Internet. | B．People’s care for blind people. |
| C．People’s connections to each other. | D．The object recognition technology. |
| A．Emerging. | B．Reliable. | C．Powerful. | D．Conventional. |
【推荐2】A major new facility to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating in Iceland, which is a boost to an emerging technology that experts say could eventually play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases.
The plant in southwest Iceland is the biggest of its kind, its builder says. It is able to capture 900 tons of CO2 every year but it needs heat and electricity to work. It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated.
Human-sized fans are built into a series of boxes. They take CO2 out of the air, catching it in sponge like filters(过滤器). The filters are blasted with heat freeing the gas, which is then mixed with water and pumped deep into deep underground basalt caves, where over time it turns into dark-gray stone. Pumping CO2 into the ground is just one way to deal with it. The makers are also selling the gas to be used again. The CO2 can be captured just a few 100 miles away. It is pumped through an underground pipe line directly into a greenhouse. Vegetables and plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants.
By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral(碳中和) goals, according to International Energy Agency recommendations. The plant in Iceland will be able to capture 4,000 metric tons annually—just a small amount of what will be necessary, but one that Clime works, the company that built it, says can grow rapidly as efficiency improves and costs decrease.
1. What does the underlined word “boost” mean in Paragraph 1?| A．Promotion. | B．Advertisement. |
| C．Decrease. | D．Innovation. |
| A．It uses waste to get power. |
| B．It is built at high water level. |
| C．It makes Iceland free of air pollution. |
| D．It produces lots of heat during operation. |
| A．The ways of breaking down CO2. |
| B．The approaches to reusing waste gas. |
| C．The necessity of building greenhouses. |
| D．The workings of the carbon-catching plant. |
| A．Decreasing the cost of energy production. |
| B．The rapid reduction of CO2 levels in the air. |
| C．The early realization of the carbon neutral goals. |
| D．The disappearance of the traditional carbon treatment. |
【推荐3】Sometimes it’s hard to imagine how a new technology will affect your life. Nobody thought that 10 years after getting the internet in their homes, they’d be online everywhere and all the time with smart phones. Have a look and get prepared for what’s coming.
Hyperautomation (超级自动化)
Hyperautomation is the combination of machine learning software and automation tools to do work. What does hyperautomation look like? With hyperautomation, the coffeemaker is involved in every step of the process. It uses machine learning to know how much coffee you like to make, what time you like to make it, and how often. It orders more beans for you --your favorite brand - when the amount gets low. It also coordinates(协作)with your dishwasher to make sure your favorite cup is clean and ready. The social robot market is expected to be worth $19 billion by the end of 2025. By then, each home could have robots that rival the intelligence of science fiction’s most beloved droids (机器人),like Star Wars，C-3PO.
Practical Blockchain
Organizations should begin evaluating blockchain (区块链)，which has the potential to change industries . It can provide trust and value exchange throughout society.
Aside from its possible use as a currency, blockchain can also be used to track real-world items. For example, contaminated (被污染的)food - especially vegetables - can be traced back to its date and place of packaging.
There are also so-called “smart” contracts. These are simple programs written into the blockchain. With these, events can trigger actions. For example, if you order from Taobao, your payment is held until the delivery guy marks your shipment “completed”. Then payment is immediately received by the seller. Similarly, a student’s university allowance could be limited by a parent to only be spent on necessary things .
1. What do we know about hyperautomation?| A．It is by nature a computer program. | B．It is mainly used in the kitchen. |
| C．It makes robots in science fiction a reality. | D．It has huge commercial potential. |
| A．By making comparisons. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By explaining the process. | D．By stating arguments. |
| A．Computer programs can be made simpler. |
| B．The money you pay can directly go to the seller. |
| C．A revolution in industries may take place. |
| D．Polluted vegetables will no longer exist. |
| A．Modem Technology Released | B．Automation Evolved |
| C．World Changed | D．Living Standards Improved |
【推荐1】A Unique Solution to Traffic
Jakarta, Indonesia is a city on the rise. As people come to the capital to look for better-paying jobs, the city’s population is increasing.
Pak Ogah are unofficial traffic police.
For many Pak Ogah, volunteering to direct traffic may be their only way to make money. However, it is not an easy job. The Pak Ogah spend their work day standing in the middle of busy streets with vehicles (车辆) passing them on every side.
| A．They think it is none of their business. |
| B．Their working conditions are really dangerous. |
| C．With this increase in population comes an increase in traffic. |
| D．They are not paid or officially recognized by the city of Jakarta. |
| E．An increased number of traffic problems also leads to more pollution. |
| F．However, the local government has been slow to address the problem. |
| G．They recognize that these volunteer traffic police provide a valuable service |
【推荐2】The kitchen is not just where we prepare meals. In many places, the kitchen is the heart of the home. It’s where we connect with our family and friends. We have open talks about our pleasures and problems we met during the day while we make dinner or have a bite to eat. So, it can be a very busy room in the house.
Sometimes you need order in the kitchen for things to run smoothly. And sometimes you need one person to be in charge. Imagine you are cooking dinner for your friends. As you are making the soup, your friend Sara tastes it and says, “This needs more salt.” So, she adds more salt. Harlan comes to taste your soup and throws some fresh black pepper into the pot and some dried herbs. Cecilia tastes the soup and pours in some vinegar. What will the soup be like?
You are happy to spend time with your friends. But, quite frankly, all their opinions about your soup are becoming annoying. Worst of all, you taste the soup and it’s awful! And that is where we get the expression “too many cooks spoil the soup”.
This expression describes an age-old problem: If too many people help to complete a task, it may not go very well. But, you may think, “If many people are trying to get something done, the task will get done faster.” After all, American English also has the expression “many hands make light work”.
To answer that point, I will draw your attention to the word “cook”. Now, the cook is the leader in the kitchen. They may have assistants to help them. But the cook has the final say. So, what if a kitchen has many cooks? Who is the leader? Everyone! And that’s where the trouble comes.
1. What does the author think of the kitchen according to the first paragraph?| A．It is crowded in many houses. | B．It is where we feed our body and soul. |
| C．It helps to brighten up people’s day. | D．It serves as the most useful place in a home. |
| A．To describe a common phenomenon (现象). |
| B．To vividly introduce a saying. |
| C．To explain a way to be a good cook. |
| D．To stress the importance of teamwork. |
| A．A group of students get a task done together. |
| B．Some volunteers discuss how to help others. |
| C．Five designers want their own idea to be accepted. |
| D．Many retired workers learn how to be a cook. |
| A．What Happens with Too Many Cooks in the Kitchen? |
| B．Should a Cook Be Open to Suggestions? |
| C．What Could a Cook Do to Everyone’s Satisfaction? |
| D．Why Will Too Many Cooks Work in the Kitchen? |
In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.
“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady, “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”
The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.
“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry.” Beck says, “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”
“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”
1. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to.
| A．understand human-animal relationship |
| B．make lonely old people’s life better |
| C．find the causes of old people’s loneliness |
| D．promote the animal-assisted research |
| A．note the activities of AIBOs | B．keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks |
| C．record their feelings and activity | D．analyze the collected information |
| A．It is easier to keep at home. | B．It can help the disabled people. |
| C．It responds to all the human orders. | D．It can watch TV with its owner. |
| A．cure certain diseases | B．keep old people active |
| C．change people’s beliefs | D．look more like real dogs |
【推荐1】There’s an African proverb that says, “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” That’s the line that closes the film The Good Lie and the meaning can be felt throughout the 112 minutes of the movie. In the film, the actors convey the struggle, heartbreak and loss other real-life refugees experienced during the civil war that took place in Sudan in the 1980s and continues today.
The gunslingers(持枪歹徒) destroyed a Sudanese village, killing and fathers and orphaning their children. They appeared again as a group of young boys and their sister walked hundreds of miles, battling nature, hunger and thirst in order to find somewhere far away from their violent homes. They’re even present when a group of refugees get a chance of new life. An ocean away, in a strange land with even strange people.
After burying friends, swimming through rivers filled with dead bodies and surviving in the severe conditions of a Kenyan refugee camp, Mamere (Arnold Oceng), Jeremiah (Ger Duany), Paul (Emmanuel Jal) and Abital (Kuoth Wiel) are given golden ticket to America. But they must again face cruelty, this time at the hands of the US government, as the boys are parted from their sister before their new life can begin, which is even harder to take than the violence you watch the children go through in the beginning of the film and it only serves to show that nothing will come easy for these young men who have their American Dream.
Oceng and Duany are brilliant as Mamere and Jeremiah. In his first American starring role, Oceng perfectly played the role of Mamere who weighs his dreams of going to college and becoming a doctor against his sense of responsibility to his family are great. Duany’s Jeremiah is the spiritual centre of the film, with a desire to help those in the community. His spiritual journey will touch your heart.
But what you absolutely cannot ignore while watching the film is the back-story of the actors themselves. Both Duany and Jal are actual children of war, refugees who experienced many of the same things their characters go through in the film, and Oceng is the son of the refugees. All three are so connected to the history of the story that they can’t help but be real in the emotions they convey. They’re the heart of the film and leave such a lasting impression and gain public praise.
1. What makes the children suffer most in the film?| A．Death of good friends. |
| B．Separation from their family. |
| C．Cruelty from the US government. |
| D．Severe conditions of refugee camp. |
| A．it’s the first time Oceng has been the leading role in a film |
| B．family and responsibility is the main theme of the film |
| C．both Oceng and Duany are actual refugees in Sudan |
| D．Oceng has made a lot of contribution to his family |
| A．Impressive stories | B．.Full business operation |
| C．Well-chosen actors | D．Successful adaptation |
【推荐2】For most of his life, Chuah Kee Man, 34, has lived by the Arabic saying “Man jadda wa jada”. It was taught to him by a teacher in his schooling years, and means “Only those who work hard will get what they want”.
“I love this, not only because of the meaning, but the fact that the word ‘man’ in the saying reminds me of myself since my name ends with ‘Man’. So, it’s like an inner voice that reminds me to give my best in everything, and therefore I live with that philosophy in my life. I am currently a lecturer at University Malaysia Sarawak, majoring in English Language teaching and Cognitive Linguistics,” explains Chuah.
Asked what the best part about being Malaysian is, he answers: “Being able to learn and embrace the diversity of cultures, languages and beliefs of the different races living together in Malaysia, without the fear of losing one‟s own identity. I personally believe I have grown into a unique breed -- of a Malaysian first“ -- whereby I can speak multiple languages fluently and also appreciate various cultural practices openly.”
Being in Malaysia, Chuah feels that everyone has the right to highlight their differences, even if they come from different backgrounds.
“We can still come together in sharing some common humanitarian (人道主义) values that we hold in our respective communities. Living in a rural area of Sarawak, we still share many common national borders and values and a love for peace and harmony among my family and the people here.”
Chuah concludes: “Even if we disagree on certain things, we still continue to respect each other with the knowledge that none of us wants to do any harm. Because at the end of the day, we get to know each other more and become better Malaysians for it.”
1. Why is Chuah fond of the Arabic saying?| A．Because it was taught by his favorite teacher. |
| B．Because it stresses the importance of setting goals. |
| C．Because his name has the same meaning as the saying. |
| D．Because it reminds him to spare no efforts to do things. |
| A．Great minds think alike. | B．Diligence is the mother of success. |
| C．Good advice is beyond all price. | D．A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. |
| A．Speaking multiple languages fluently. |
| B．Having the chance to get all he wants. |
| C．Being a successful English lecturer easily. |
| D．Experiencing various cultures without losing one’s own identity. |
| A．People should hold the same beliefs. |
| B．It’s unacceptable to disagree on certain things. |
| C．It’s vital to respect and live in harmony with each other. |
| D．Sharing common humanitarian values is definitely not easy. |
【推荐3】A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions (排放). In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.
Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming — around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals — it produces especially less food. As to this study’s findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.
Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is “absorbed” out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.
“We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet,” Dr Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. “This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland.”
Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in solving the world’s environmental problems. However, it’s just one part of a much wider solution.
1. What will total organic agriculture bring to England?| A．More food imports. | B．More species crop. |
| C．More main food. | D．More fresh oxygen. |
| A．By changing CO2. | B．By giving off CO2. |
| C．By producing CO2. | D．By taking in CO2. |
| A．The advantages of organic farming. |
| B．The results caused by organic farming. |
| C．The solution to the environment problems. |
| D．The ways to reduce organic farming. |
【推荐1】Earlier this year, artist Malik was about to post a selfie（自拍）from the Brooklyn Bridge when he had second thoughts. He wanted to share something different with his friends and the world.
Malik thought social media（大众传播媒介）had become impersonal and he wanted to connect with people in a more meaningful way. Therefore, the Reading Project was born. He began leaving piles of his books in famous New York City locations with a card containing simple instructions put inside each one: take a book, read it and share your thoughts with the artist by email.
The piles of books themselves can be seen as works of art, and so is the process of sharing. Unlike many of the things we share today, he likes to keep the project off social media. To keep the project pure, he doesn't even turn around as he walks away once he has left a pile of hooks. When he has left them behind, he prefers emails to be the only way that he learns what happens to them. The project has now taken him — and his books — all over the world, including London where we recently caught up with him.
"I hope people pick them up and I also hope they read them and let me know. And even if they don't let me know, I just hope they read the books,'' Malik said.
He has received thousands of messages from people in more than 30 countries all over the world. For Malik, books are meaningless and lifeless if they gather dust on a shelf and are never read again. He plans to carry on with the project for some time, with a visit to Brazil next on his agenda（日程表）and then decides whether he will continue it or not.
Most of all, he loves the connection the books give him to strangers across the world, something other posts could never achieve.
1. What hit Malik when he wanted to post a selfie?| A．His selfie wouldn't become very attractive. |
| B．Social media made people close to each other. |
| C．His thoughts should be shared with more people. |
| D．A new way could be used to connect with the world. |
| A．He wants to keep the project secret. |
| B．It is a quick way to know what happens. |
| C．He doesn't want to be bothered by social media. |
| D．He thinks people needn't know the process of sharing. |
| A．People will share his books with social media. |
| B．People will pick them up and read them. |
| C．People will share his books with others. |
| D．People will help him store the books. |
| A．It won't last long for a lack of books. |
| B．It was first started on the Brooklyn Bridge. |
| C．It has destroyed the relation among strangers. |
| D．It has proved to be effective to connect with others. |
【推荐2】Microplastics(MPS) are tiny bits or threads of plastic, which are often too small to be seen. The current study shows that MPS are constantly coming down in great numbers, even in remote, protected lands.
The scientists didn't set out to study MPS. Dr. Janice Brahney from Utah State University created the experiment to test her equipment, which was meant to track the way helpful chemicals travel to farms through the air. The experiment used buckets (桶)that opened and closed automatically depending on the weather. This allowed the researchers to separate dust that fell during rain storms from dust that was carried in dry air. These "wet" and "dry" buckets were set up at 11 different protected, remote areas in the western US and checked regularly for over a year.
But when Dr. Brahney and her team began to study the dust they had collected, they got a surprise-MPS. By figuring out how much plastic was falling per square meter, the scientists were able to get a good idea of how much plastic was falling in all of the protected areas in the western US every year. The answer was a shocking 907,185 kilograms, which is enough plastic to make over 123 million plastic bottles.
MPS have been found in tap waler, bottled water, and in sea animals that people eat. Now there is growing proof that we are also breathing MPS all the time. Scientists still don't know how eating or breathing MPS will affect people, though many of the chemicals from plastics are known to cause health problems. There are concerns that MPS can get stuck in the lungs, where they may lead to long-term problems.
Dr. Brahney says that for these reasons, it’s important to slop producing and using plastic. She points out that much of the dust the scientists collected was too small to lest. Also, she says that the scientists only studied MPS that fell in protected areas in die western US - about 6% of the US land area.
1. How did Dr. Brahney and her team find microplastics?| A．By comparison. | B．By chance. | C．By origin. | D．By design. |
| A．How to get MPS' helpful chemicals. | B．How to separate wet and dry MPS. |
| C．How taking in MPS will affect people. | D．How MPS travel a long distance. |
| A．Most of them stay in the dust. |
| B．They fall mainly in the Western US. |
| C．They'll lead to the end of plastic use. |
| D．Their actual amount is higher than that tested. |
| A．Researchers Arc Observing MPS. | B．People Used to Ignore MPS Problem. |
| C．MPS Are Traveling all over the World. | D．MPS Rain Down in Protected Lands. |
【推荐3】Many Westerners have the idea that everyone in China knows how to do kung fu. This is, of course, a silly belief. But it is true that kung fu is a big part of Chinese culture.
Like most people from the West, I was first introduced to kung fu through Hong Kong action films. Stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan made kung fu popular in the Western world. The flashy and impressive performances they gave in films like Rumble in the Bronx and Enter the Dragon made them household names in the U.S. and elsewhere.
However, my own personal interest in kung fu was actually inspired by a hip hop group. Wu-Tang Clan, founded in the early 1990s in New York City, is one of the most influential hip hop groups in history.
In their songs, they sometimes mention philosophical concepts that come from Wudang quan—a classic Chinese martial art from which they take their name—and Shaolin Temple. I was just a teenager when I first started listening to Wu-Tang Clan—little did I know that I would actually end up living in China later in my life!
I myself do not practice kung fu. However, the concepts behind it are quite interesting to me. There is a Bruce Lee quote that I often think of when I'm struggling with challenges in life. “Be formless, shapeless, like water,” he once said. By this, he meant that you should be ready to adapt to and change your attitudes or beliefs when you face difficulties. I think this is a good way to deal with life.
1. What does “a silly belief” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．All Chinese people can do kung fu. |
| B．China is most famous for its kung fu. |
| C．Kung fu is a big part of Chinese culture. |
| D．Many Westerners admire kung fu. |
| A．Hong Kong action movies. | B．A TV program about kung fu. |
| C．Kung fu stars in Hollywood. | D．A US hip hop group. |
| A．They have Chinese culture in their songs. |
| B．They taught the author how to do Wudang quan. |
| C．They performed Chinese martial arts in the U.S. |
| D．They showed the author the way to live in China. |
| A．The author was sorry that he couldn't do kung fu. |
| B．The concepts of kung fu change over time. |
| C．The spirit of kung fu helps the author overcome difficulties. |
| D．Bruce Lee was the most popular martial arts master. |
