Experiencing hardship early in life is awful. And worse, it can mean a difficult road ahead. Living a life without any stress seems like a much better alternative. But it isn't necessarily a good thing, research is now showing. A small amount of stress may actually help kids build resilience, which is the ability to bounce back after a bad experience.
In one 2010 study, researchers wanted to understand how stress affects resilience. They surveyed 2, 398 adults in the United States. Participants answered questions about their mental health and overall health. And they indicated if they had experienced varying levels of adversity. The survey showed adults who faced some adversity reported fewer symptoms of psychological problems than those who had experienced heavy adversity. They also performed better than those who had sailed through childhood with few hard times.
David Lyons is a professor at Stanford University in California His team reported evidence for this in a November 2019 paper in Scientific Reports . The team studied small squirrel monkeys. These monkeys experienced varying “doses” of stress. “No stress” monkeys enjoyed a typical life in the lab: They were housed in a cage with their mother and siblings and there was plenty of water and food. A second group faced a mild stressor: They spent an hour a day away from their siblings on 10 straight days. The stress dose went up for a third group where these monkeys had daily separation from siblings and no access to mother during that hour. Two more groups experienced daily separation from both their mother and siblings.
Ten weeks later, each monkey was moved with its mother to an unfamiliar cage. The researchers assessed the monkeys' willingness to let go of mother and explore the new digs On the whole, monkeys that faced one or two stressors(groups2 and 3) depend less o their mothers than those in the last two groups. They also more readily explored their new surroundings In general, they showed less anxiety than both the no stress and high stress groups.
“Growing up healthy means learning how to deal with mild challenges and changes,” Lyons concludes.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Choosing a difficult road. | B．Leading a stress free life. |
| C．Experiencing hardship early. | D．Bouncing back after failing |
| A．Heavy adversity can harm health. | B．Childhood adversity is unnecessary. |
| C．People with more stress are stronger. | D．Adults have much more mental stress. |
| A．They assessed monkeys' mental health. | B．They set small monkeys free in nature. |
| C．They designed different levels of stress. | D．They divided monkeys into two groups. |
| A．Resilience Comes From Nothing but Life Stress |
| B．Mild Stress May Help Children Build Resilience |
| C．Young People Have Trouble Handling Challenges |
| D．Growing Up Healthy Means Adapting to Changes |
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【推荐1】Drinking tea at least three times a week could reduce the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease(心管疾病) and is linked with a longer and healthier life, at least in China, a new study suggests. Chinese researchers found the health benefits associated with tea were more obvious for drinkers of green, rather than black tea, and for those who had been drinking tea regularly over a longer period of time. The benefits were also clearer among men, the study indicated.
Researchers looked at data from 100 902 Chinese people with no history of heart attack or cancer and divided them into two groups: habitual drinkers who drank tea three or more times a week,those who never drank tea, and those who drank it less regularly. They followed up with them after a seven-year period.
Their analysis found that regular tea drinkers had a 20%lower risk of having heart disease and stroke,and a 22%lower risk of dying from heart disease and stroke. Specifically, they found that regular tea drinkers could expect to live 1.26 years longer at age 50 than those who did not regularly enjoy a cup of tea.
“We found that the protective effects of habitual tea consumption were very obvious and robust across different outcomes for men, but only mild for women,”Dr.Dongfeng Gu from China’s National Center for Cardiovascular Disease.
“One reason might be that the proportion of habitual tea consumers among men was approximately two and a half times as high as that among women,” Gu said. Some 48%of the men in the study were regular tea drinkers, compared with 20%of women.
1. What can be learned about the research from Paragraph 1?| A．Drinking tea regularly benefits people’s health. |
| B．Drinking black tea brings more health benefits. |
| C．Men always live longer than women by drinking tea. |
| D．People can prevent all diseases by drinking tea. |
| A．Fewer men like drinking tea. | B．Men spend more money on tea. |
| C．Men drink more tea than women. | D．Fewer women may live no more than 50. |
| A．An advertisement. | B．A poster. | C．A guidebook. | D．A magazine. |
【推荐2】Many runners and gym members feel that music makes exercise more enjoyable. However, they might not know that scientists have found that some kinds of music can improve people's energy by 15 percent. This was discovered by Dr. Costas at Brunel University's School of Sport and Education. He has worked with organizations like Nike and many champion athletes. In the study, thirty people listened to inspiring music by Queen, the Red Hot Chili Pepper and Madonna. They did exercise at the same time.
When they were doing exercise in time with music, they showed higher energy levels. Even when they were doing very hard exercise, they were positive about how they felt. When people are doing exercise, their nerves（神经）send messages saying that their body is getting tired. However, when they are listening to music at the same time, these messages are blocked. Dr. Costas thinks this is because the music causes part of the brain to send different messages to the body that make people feel happy and relaxed.
Dr. Costas’ work shows that different types of music can have different effects on different people. The effect of some music can also depend on how tiring the exercise is. He says that people who have an extroverted personality prefer faster and louder kinds of music compared to people who have a reserved（内敛）personality. This is because, for the music to have an effect, the brains of extroverted people need more stimulation than the brains of reserved people. Reserved people want to feel less worried and they have better results when the music makes them feel relaxed.
Dr. Costas was asked to provide music for the "Run to the Beat" half marathon in the UK, which has also now started in other countries. "I also have a lot of other exciting projects that I am working on," says Dr. Costas. "One of these is to find out whether the speed of the music we listen to has an effect on our heart rate while we exercise."
1. What's the main idea of the second paragraph?| A．The messages people's nerves send say the body is getting tired. |
| B．When they are doing exercise, people show higher energy levels. |
| C．The messages people's nerves send are blocked when people are listening to music. |
| D．When they are doing very hard exercise, people are positive about how they feel. |
| A．outgoing | B．moody |
| C．considerate | D．optimistic |
| A．people can improve their energy by 15% by listening to music |
| B．the speed of music we listen to affects the heart rate greatly |
| C．reserved people enjoy listening to light music and slow songs |
| D．the same kind of music has different effects on different people |
| A．a short-story collection |
| B．a popular science magazine |
| C．a personal diary |
| D．a travel brochure |
【推荐3】A deep neural (神经系统的) network trained to restore ancient Greek texts can do so with 72% accuracy when used by historians, suggests a Nature paper. The findings could assist with the restoration and sort of newly discovered or uncertain inscriptions (碑文) with improved speed and accuracy, advancing our understanding of ancient history.
To understand the history of ancient civilizations, historians study the inscriptions created by past people, written directly on materials-such as stone, pottery or metal-that have survived until today. However, many inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. Their texts are now unclear and their date of writing is uncertain. Specialists in the study of inscriptions can reconstruct missing texts, but their traditional methods are highly complex and time-consuming.
To overcome the restrictions of current methods, Yannis Assael, Thea Sommerschield and their colleagues tested a deep neural network (named Ithaca), a type of artificial intelligence that was trained to restore, date and place ancient Greek inscriptions. The authors found that Ithaca could achieve 62% accuracy when used alone to restore damaged texts, and 72% accuracy when it is used by a historian. Additionally, Ithaca could also help to determine inscriptions’ place and date of writing; in their experiments, it assigned inscriptions to their original locations with 71% accuracy and dated them to less than 30 years from the date ranges proposed by historians.
The findings could unlock the cooperative potential between artificial intelligence and historians, and improve our understanding of human history.
Common fields such as education, healthcare, catering, and industry have long been dominated by artificial intelligence, and this technology is now finding its way into relatively niche (小众) fields to more fully exploit its talents. Archaeology is one of its latest fields.
1. Which can describe the neural network’s work?| A．Uncertain but useful. | B．Imperfect and traditional. |
| C．Faster and more accurate. | D．Helpful but time-consuming. |
| A．The ancients wrote inscriptions on hard materials on purpose. |
| B．The destruction of inscriptions is caused by sudden changes. |
| C．Historians are able to recover the texts of ancient inscriptions totally. |
| D．Experts are capable of comprehending inscriptions despite complexity. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Concerned. | C．Optimistic. | D．Critical. |
| A．AI’s current wide use. | B．Historians’ new contributions. |
| C．Restoring ancient texts using AI. | D．A newly-developed neural network. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Are you going into skiing? Is winter your favorite time of year? If you like snow and ice, maybe you should stay at Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada. But, you can only check in at this hotel during the winter. Why? Because this hotel is built every December. It has 32 rooms and 80 people can stay there each night. The hotel even has a movie theatre, art gallery, and church. Of course, all of these parts of the hotel are made of ice. In fact, all the furniture, art, lights, and even plates and drinking glasses are made out of ice.
Because this hotel is so unusual, it is becoming very popular. People from all over the world come to the Ice Hotel to look at the fantastic ice art, drink and eat from designed ice dishes and experience the unique atmosphere. Some couples have even gotten married in the hotel's ice church. But all these guests keep their winter coats on! Because of all the ice, the temperature inside the hotel is always between -2℃ and -5℃. Surprisingly, sleeping is not a problem in the freezing cold hotel rooms. Every guest gets a special cold-weather sleeping bag and some fur blankets. These keep the room cozy until morning.
1. What is the best title of this passage?| A．How the Ice Hotel is built |
| B．What makes the Ice Hotel special |
| C．Why the Ice Hotel is made of ice |
| D．The services of the Ice Hotel |
| A．Watch a movie. | B．Get married. |
| C．Eat an interesting meal. | D．Go swimming. |
| A．The rooms are warm. |
| B．The temperature is -2℃. |
| C．The sleeping bags are warm. |
| D．The furniture is warm. |
| A．The church. | B．The restaurant. |
| C．The rooms. | D．The art gallery. |
【推荐2】The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special (物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?| A．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. |
| B．It leads to air pollution and global warming. |
| C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. |
| D．It improves local soil conditions. |
| A．entertain | B．advertise | C．instruct | D．persuade |
| A．An agricultural magazine. |
| B．A medical journal. |
| C．An engineering textbook. |
| D．A tourist guide. |
【推荐3】Restart Dogs are currently working with Adult Estates training prisoners to raise and train puppies as assistance dogs. The analysis found the program led to a reduction in reoffending (再犯) rates in prisoners compared to those who had not participated.
Based in the UK, Restart Dogs is a vocational education programme that trains adult prisoners to become assistance dog trainers. They raise and train dogs to become assistance dogs, teaching them key skills such as door manners, staying where they are asked, walking to heel on a loose lead, and settling next to their handlers while they work and study. But most importantly, they are learning to have faith in their handlers guiding them through their new adventures and environment.
The programme is paid for by the Prisoners Fund, raised by the work that prisoners do in prison. There are a few conditions that prisoners must meet before they can take part in the programme, for example, they must be free of behaviour-related violation (违反) for a specified period before admittance to the programme as well as continued good behaviour throughout the programme.
For prisoners, the benefits of training dogs have been well researched and recorded. Working with professionals to train dogs responsibly allows prisoners to improve their social skills, empathy, self-regulation, respect and overall well-being. The analysis reported a 36% difference in reoffending rates in the training group compared to the control group. These outcomes are similar to those found with more traditional programmes such as education, employment and training programmes.
Meanwhile, for people in need of an assistance dog, there can often be a long waiting list due to the length of time it takes to train an assistance dog—it usually takes two to three years. Thanks to the work that Restart Dogs is doing, as well as training the dogs for future success and happiness, prisoners are able to get a second chance in society!
1. What are the dogs mainly trained to learn?| A．To follow orders. | B．To cure the prisoners. |
| C．To trust the trainers. | D．To learn to be quiet. |
| A．Having free time. | B．Being well-behaved. |
| C．Respecting officers. | D．Sticking to the end. |
| A．The program works better than expected. |
| B．The program contributes to positive outcomes. |
| C．The trainer prisoners tend to be released early. |
| D．The program can replace other traditional ones. |
| A．A Reform was Conducted in Prisons |
| B．Great Wonders were Created by Dogs |
| C．A Program Helped to Reduce Crimes |
| D．Prisoners Training Dogs Got Trained |
【推荐1】I drove a taxi to make a living. One night about twenty years ago, I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.
I walked to the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice.
After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.
I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”
“Oh, you’re such a good man.” She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”
“It’s not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.
“Oh, I’m in no hurry,” she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long.”
I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).
For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.
Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.
At dawn, she suddenly said, “I’m tired. Let’s go now.”
We drove in silence to the address she had given me.
“How much do I owe you?” she asked.
“Nothing.” I said.
“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.
Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”
1. The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ______.| A．show she was familiar with the city |
| B．let the driver earn more money |
| C．see some places for the last time |
| D．reach the destination on time |
| A．shut off the meter by mistake |
| B．wanted to do her a favor |
| C．had received her payment in advance |
| D．was in a hurry to take other passengers |
| A．Giving is always a pleasure. |
| B．People should respect the old. |
| C．People should learn to appreciate others’ concern. |
| D．An act of kindness can bring people great joy. |
【推荐2】Along the hallway (走廊), I saw mixed expressions on the faces of my students: excited, nervous, and worried.No doubt about it: they were this term’s freshmen. My own first day at high school flashed into my mind.
Since our family had just moved to the place, I didn’t know anyone at the school. On arriving, I picked up a map and my schedule (日程表). Oh, my goodness, what a large school it was! Nervously, I looked about for where my first class was to be held.
When I finally found my class, everyone was talking and laughing together, and I felt so lonely. Throughout the day, each period brought some new faces I had not seen before. But when my English class came around, I had a surprise: an old classmate! It was Ben, who had left my middle school right after sixth grade. We talked and joked about middle school and the clubs we were in together. My nerves eased (放松) a little.
Next was the P E. class. This was the first class that I found without difficulty. Sitting through the boring introduction to the class by the teacher, I started talking to a girl sitting near me. I found out that her family had just moved here too, and she didn’t know anyone either. As we talked, we discovered that we had a lot in common, and had a lot of classes together. This girl ended up becoming my best friend. I am so glad that I met her.
By the end of that day, I was full of optimism (乐观). I knew that high school would be an amazing experience.
1. The writer of this passage is a __________.| A．parent | B．college student | C．high school student | D．high school teacher |
| A．the school was very large | B．the map did not show the way |
| C．the teacher would be serious | D．the first class would be difficult |
| A．met her old classmate Ben | B．made friends with a girl |
| C．had P.E. class together with Ben | D．finally found her first class |
| A．Nervous. | B．Bored. | C．Hopeful. | D．Satisfied. |
【推荐3】Our much-loved museums and art galleries are closing their doors due to the current outbreak of COVID-19. But don’t worry. With the help of the Internet, we can take virtual tours of them around the world. There are some fascinating exhibitions at our fingertips, which you can explore from home free of charge!
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
Fancy a trip to Paris? Oui oui! This grand museum holds the largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist works in the world, and you can click your way through the very best among them thanks to interactive galleries featuring Van Gogh, Cézanne, Degas and more.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Over in the Netherlands, the Rijksmuseum is a treasure house of classical Dutch art, Asian artwork and 17th-century silver and porcelain. The Street View-style tour is fine, but better to stick to the brilliant online exhibitions, like the interactive guide to the master of throwing shade, Rembrandt. You can even get up close and personal with ‘The Night Watch’.
Picasso Museum, Barcelona
As well as a vast online display of Picasso’s best bits, this museum offers a 360-degree tour of some of the best-preserved Medieval architecture in Barcelona. When you’re done getting around the building, you can check out their Twitter hashtag (推特标签）#MuseuPicassoVirtual to keep up with daily news of art.
Hong Kong Heritage Museum
The Heritage Museum has everything from Chinese fine art dating back to the Qing dynasty to cutting-edge Hong Kong contemporary art. The online collection, hosted on Google Arts & Culture, is particularly strong on design, photography, porcelain and sculpture from the past century.
1. In the Rijksmuseum, you will have a better understanding of _________.| A．Van Gogh | B．Rembrandt |
| C．Picasso | D．impressionists |
| A．Musée d’Orsay. | B．Rijksmuseum. |
| C．Picasso Museum. | D．Hong Kong Heritage Museum. |
| A．It stresses contemporary art. | B．It has porcelain exhibits. |
| C．It offers visual tours online. | D．It features Chinese art. |
【推荐1】Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown young astronomer with a half-smile on her face. She had come with an impossible request that my team modify (修改) our thoroughly tested software to make one of our most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for, and risk breaking it. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done-to prove that a massive black hole lay at the center of our Milky Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. Andrea Ghez, one of three winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics，impressed me with her work on providing solid evidence of a supermassive black hole with the mass of four million suns living at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius (人马座) A *—the name of our own local supermassive black hole. It is remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter century, of searching for and finding evidence of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large galaxy.
Andrea did her work at the W. M. Keck Observatory’s twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii, in the calm and clear air almost 14000 feet above the Pacific Ocean. She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRC), now gracing the lobby at our headquarters.
Andrea is fond of pointing out that one of the reasons for her success has been this tight and rapid loop (循环) between the needs of the astronomers and the engineers who respond to the challenge.
This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no” for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.
1. Which words best describe Andrea Ghez?| A．Determined and creative. | B．Confident and adaptable. |
| C．Brave and kind. | D．Cooperative and generous. |
| A．Because of Andrea’s determination. |
| B．Because of Andrea’s final success. |
| C．Because Andrea provided an experimental evidence. |
| D．Because Andrea modified their tested software. |
| A．The Noble Prize for physics. | B．Friendship between colleagues. |
| C．How Andrea won the Nobel. | D．What makes Andrea different. |
| A．A research paper. | B．A website about scientists. |
| C．A science fiction. | D．A daily newspaper. |
【推荐2】Israeli and Russian astronaut scientists grew the small piece of beef from cells while going aboard the International Space Station, 400 km above the Earth's surface. Cells from cattle were harvested on our planet and brought to the space station where they were grown into meat using a special 3D printer.
The experiment was run on September 26 within the Russian part of the space station and organized by Aleph Farms, a beef company on Earth.
Researchers said the project was aimed to show how lab-grown meat can be cultivated （培养）in hard conditions with minimal equipment. The technique they developed could be used to provide astronauts with hamburgers in the future.
“We are proving that cultivated meat can be produced anytime, anywhere and in any conditions said Aleph Farms' boss Didier Toubia. “We can provide a powerful solution to produce the food closer to the population's needs, at the exact and right time it is needed.
To grow the meat, scientists copied the natural process of muscle cells' regeneration occurring inside the body of cattle. It required the use of a 3D bioprinter, which sticks live cells together to create something looking like real meat.
Lab-grown meat looks and tastes like the real thing, but it is produced without the need for lots of water, feed or land for animals and without the need to kill them.
“In space, we don't have 10, 000 or 15, 000 liters of water to produce I kg of beef," Mr Toubia said. “This joint experiment marks an important step toward realizing our dream of making food safe for generations to come, while protecting our natural resources.
1. What is the purpose of the project of growing beef in space?| A．To invent a 3D printer. |
| B．To show hard conditions in space. |
| C．To grow more plants in space. |
| D．To cultivate lab-grown meat for astronauts. |
| A．Its taste is better. | B．It is healthier. |
| C．It comes from best animals. | D．It consumes less energy. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Negative. | D．Worried. |
| A．How do astronauts eat in space? |
| B．Do plants need less water in space? |
| C．Are space hamburgers becoming real? |
| D．Is beef easier to store in space? |
【推荐3】Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.
It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.
In literacy(读写能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.
Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.
The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)
“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.
“It’s the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it’s having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”
That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.
1. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find| A．Why children don’t get enough sleep |
| B．How many hours children sleep every night |
| C．The relationship between sleep and test results |
| D．The relationship between sleep and health |
| A．they sit in front of the TV for too long |
| B．they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply |
| C．their homework occupies too much of their time |
| D．modern technological devices consume a lot of their time |
| A．Japan | B．Malta |
| C．Finland | D．Portugal |
| A．Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students |
| B．Because teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived students |
| C．Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students |
| D．Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students |
