A recent study suggests that vitamin D pills can help speed up the time taken for burns to heal, and prevent scarring(结疤). The vitamin, which is produced naturally in the body when the skin is exposed to sunshine, is believed to help protect against burning.
Previous studies have shown that vitamin D pills help decrease redness and swelling after sunburn, and may be one of the reasons why the body produces the chemical.
The research from Birmingham University, has found they may also help relieve other types of burn. Researchers monitored 38 patients who had suffered serious burns for a year and recorded their levels of vitamin D. They found that those with the highest levels of vitamin D had better wound healing and fewer scars.
Professor Janet Lord said: “Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse results in burn patients including life-threatening infections(感染),death and delayed wound healing. Major burn injury severely reduces vitamin D levels and adding this vitamin back may be a simple, safe and cost-effective way to improve the condition for burn patients.” Professor Lord and her team are now focusing on finding out why there is a rapid loss of vitamin D in patients immediately following burn injury and hope that they may be able to prevent this in future.
The amount of reduction in patients’ vitamin D levels was not related to the severity(严重程度) of the burn, so levels may also be decreased in minor burn injury, suggesting taking vitamin D pills could also help people with everyday burns. Public Health England now recommends that all Britons take vitamin D pills in the winter because it is impossible to make sufficient quantities in the darker months.
1. What does the new study find?| A．People with low vitamin D levels get burned easily. |
| B．Vitamin D helps with the recovery from burn injury. |
| C．Vitamin D pills aid in reducing the swelling from burns. |
| D．Vitamin D is more beneficial to serious burns than minor burns. |
| A．The severity of one's burn reflects his vitamin D levels. |
| B．Vitamin D pills are more needed in the autumn months. |
| C．Burn patients lacking vitamin D are at high risk of infection. |
| D．Minor burns have no effect on patients’ vitamin D levels. |
| A．The researchers. | B．Vitamin D pills. |
| C．Previous studies. | D．Some kinds of vitamins. |
| A．Vitamin D: A Necessity for Our Health |
| B．Vitamin D Pills: When Are They Needed? |
| C．Vitamin D: How Much Does the Body Need? |
| D．Vitamin D Pills: Heal Burns &. Prevent Scarring |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Have you ever played a computer game for a long time and then kept seeing the game’s images afterward? This happened to me with the classic shape-falling game Tetris (俄罗斯方块), created in 1985 by Alexey Pajitnov.
Feeling stressed one evening, I turned on my Switch to find a game to play and relax with. That’s when I discovered Tetris. Before I knew it, I was obsessed. Even when I stopped, my brain was still playing, with the blocks falling in my mind. I started looking at objects in the real world and thinking about how they could be moved and stacked(堆叠) together. I even dreamed about Tetris. I was experiencing the common "Tetris effect".
Introduced by journalist Jeffrey Goldsmith in his 1994 Wired magazine article called This Is Your Brain on Tetris, the effect has been observed by psychologists and researchers. The lasting images of Tetris are due to the "Zeigarnik effect", in which people have better memories of uncompleted tasks than those of completed ones. Tetris, being a game that technically never ends, keeps you thinking of the game’s unfinished task, reported Tech Times. And the catchy music stays with you, too.
There are also positives to the Tetris Effect. In his 1991 study, psychologist Richard Haier at the University of California found that continuously playing Tetris resulted in the thickness of the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) increasing, which improves brain efficiency(效率), reported psychology website Practical Pie. Haier’s discovery got Tetris put into the Guinness World Records Video Gamer’s Edition 2008, as the "first video game to be proven to improve brain functioning and efficiency".
Tetris has also been researched for use as a treatment for people suffering from trauma (创伤). The Yale Scientific Magazine reported that researchers at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK, found that playing Tetris appeared to reduce intrusive (侵入性的) memories in the short term for individuals affected by motor vehicle accidents.
So, the next time you want to play a computer game, why not try the classic Tetris and see if it improves your brain function? But he warned, you’ll likely be seeing falling blocks everywhere.
1. What does the underlined word "obsessed" in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Quite shocked. | B．Extremely interested. |
| C．Highly satisfied. | D．Very curious. |
| A．It is connected to the way our memory functions. |
| B．It is an uncommon occurrence among children. |
| C．It can cause the "Zeigarnik effect". |
| D．It is primarily related to the game’s music. |
| A．Improved memory. |
| B．Lifted mood. |
| C．Better brain function. |
| D．Relief from painful experiences. |
| A．Serious. | B．Amusing. |
| C．Worried. | D．Doubtful. |
【推荐2】When you swim in the sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater? How did it feel? It must have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty?
Seawater is water that comes from the ocean. Seawater is salty because it contains an average salt content of 2.5%. So the ocean is a place for the salt farmers to produce cooking salt and other salt.
Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and flows through rivers and estuaries (河口) and then the seawater fully fills the sea and again forms clouds because of evaporation (蒸发). When we talk about this, we talk about the rainwater cycle. But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through. These mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is different in each part of the world. But it is certain that seawater is salty or has high salinity.
The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is extremely high so that evaporation happens frequently. High evaporation coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river causes its highest level of salinity. There is also the Dead Sea, which is about nine times saltier than the Red Sea. Due to the high salinity, when you swim there, you can float. However, the Dead Sea is not a sea at all, which is a lake geographically.
1. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To draw a conclusion. |
| B．To bring in the topic. |
| C．To introduce a famous sea. |
| D．To make the article interesting. |
| A．Land. | B．Ocean. |
| C．Rain. | D．Cloud. |
| A．Its salinity is higher than that of the Dead Sea. |
| B．The climate there causes the highest salt level. |
| C．People are in danger when swimming there. |
| D．The land around it contains the most salt. |
| A．The reason why the seawater tastes salty |
| B．The reason why the Dead Sea is not a sea |
| C．The reason why the rainwater cycle occurs |
| D．The reason why the sea looks blue and green |
Tears are good for your eyes. In fact, without them, your eyes wouldn’t even be able to move. Some people say tears help us in other ways, too. Maybe you know someone who likes to watch sad movies in order to “have a good cry”. It hasn’t been proven, but tears may be good not only for your eyes but also for your emotional health as well.
We generally only notice tears when we cry, but we have them in our eyes all the time. Tears affect how we see the world while at the same time protecting our eyes from it. Without this liquid covering them, our eyes would be at risk of infection. In addition, we need tears in order to see. The cornea (角膜) of the eye does not have a perfectly smooth surface. Tears fill in the holes in the cornea and make it smooth so that we can see clearly. Without tears, the world would look very strange to us.
There are three types of tears, and they are called basal, reflex, and emotional tears. These three types are different not only in purpose but also in composition.
Tom Lutz, the author of Crying: The Natural and Cultural History of Tears, writes, “Throughout history, and in every culture, ... everyone everywhere cries at some time.” Even men and women who say they never cry can usually remember crying as children. Most of us probably think it’s normal for men or women to cry at certain times, and at such times, we may even encourage them to cry. For example, it’s no surprise when someone cries during a sad movie, and we often expect people to cry when a family member dies. However, we don’t always take this view of tears. Sometimes adults who cry — or even children who do — lose the respect of others. For example, what would you think of an adult who cried over losing a card game? Most people are aware of the social rules about when, where, and why it’s OK to cry. These rules generally differ for children and adults, and often for men and women. They depend on things such as family, culture, and religion, and they change over time.
Some people think it’s not just OK to cry but actually healthy to let the tears flow. Doctors in Greece over 2,500 years ago thought that tears came from the brain and that everyone needed to let them out. Today, many people still believe in getting tears out. They say that through crying, we get rid of emotions we have stored up, which is good for our mental health. Some people report that they feel better after crying. This could be because of the chemicals in emotional tears. One chemical is a type of endorphin, a painkiller that the body naturally produces. Emotional tears increase the amount of endorphin that gets to the brain because tears flow from the eye into the nose and pass to the brain that way. This painkiller may make a person less aware of sad or angry feelings, and that could explain why someone feels better after “a good cry”.
1. When do we have tears in our eyes?
2. How do tears help us see clearly?
3. How many kinds of tears do we have?
4. Please list at least two things that are related to the social rules of crying.
5. In which country did doctors over 2,500 years ago believe that tears came from the brain?
【推荐1】A Neste fuel station in Finland is currently the only place in the world where you can have your car refueled by a robot. It’s the pilot site chosen by Autofuel, a Danish startup, to test its futuristic refueling system—a robotic arm that can locate a car’s fuel tank door, select the right type of fuel; and operate the pump (加油泵).
“Our technology intends to provide the customers with maximum comfort and safety at gas stations,” Jonas Thor Olsen, CEO of Autofuel, said. “The robotic arm doesn’t need human involvement. It allows them to go to the shop for a coffee or take a short break while the car is refueled.”
Autofuel’s solution consists of a robotic arm housed within the fuel pump, and a series of sensors and cameras designed to keep things running smoothly. Cameras detect the vehicle’s registration number, so the system is able to detect what kind of fuel it requires. Another camera directs the car to stop in a certain area so that the arm can easily reach the fuel tank door. The arm itself then starts to move, opening the door, selecting the right fuel and finally refueling the car.
The whole thing looks great in promotional videos, but after one of them recently became popular online, people brought up a few concerns. First of all, in order for the entire process to work, one needs to have their vehicle registered with Autofuel. That’s information many people have no inclination to share for something as small as refueling. Also, the speed at which the robotic arm operates worries a lot of people as it appears to move much slower than a human.
With robots and AI becoming such a big part of our lives lately, it’s easy to imagine solutions like Autofuel becoming mainstream in the near future. But any new innovation has to be tested and improved over and over again.
1. What is a robotic arm’s promotional advantage concerning car refueling?| A．It moves faster than a human. | B．It doesn’t need car registration. |
| C．It can park cars automatically. | D．It requires no human assistance. |
| A．Opportunity. | B．Permission. | C．Willingness. | D．Ability. |
| A．It is well accepted. | B．It is far from perfect. |
| C．Its structure is strange. | D．Its function is meaningless. |
| A．This Robotic Arm Will Refuel Your Car | B．An Innovation Has Been Improved Greatly |
| C．Some Negative Views on a Refueling Solution | D．A More Efficient Assistant at the Train Station |
But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡碱) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee(IOC) has limited (限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.
1. Many people like drinking energy drinks because of the following EXCEPT that ______.
| A．they have beautiful colors and cool names |
| B．they can keep them awake and better at sports |
| C．they have lots of caffeine |
| D．they are said to be helpful to health |
| A．encouraged | B．disliked |
| C．helped | D．stopped |
| A．What’s the Use of Energy Drinks? |
| B．What’s That in Energy Drinks? |
| C．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks? |
| D．Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks? |
【推荐3】Yvon Chouinard, who started the clothing company Patagonia, gave all the stock in the company to a trust and a non-profit in September 2022. Mr Chouinard and his family have turned over the $3 billion company to an organization that will work to fight climate change.
Mr Chouinard is a rock climber who began climbing in the 1960s. Back then, he created a company that made climbing equipment. The business closed, but Mr Chouinard was left with a lifelong love of the outdoors and a respect for the environment.
Mr Chouinard began Patagonia in the 1970s. Patagonia sells clothes aimed at outdoor activities. Over time, the company changed the way it did business to do a better job of protecting the environment. Since 1986, Patagonia has given 1% of the money it makes from sales to groups that work to protect the environment.
Mr Chouinard is now 83 years old. He was worried about what might happen after he died. He and his family wanted to find a way for Patagonia to do even more to fight climate change. He was afraid that if he sold the company, the new owners might not work so hard to protect the environment.
So he came up with a new and unusual plan: he gave his company away. And he did it in a way that helped protect both the company and the environment.
Mr Chouinard gave away 2% of the company to a small group called the Patagonia Purpose Trust. This group will still be run largely by Mr Chouinard’s family. It will make all the decisions about the way the company is managed. The group’s job is to make sure that the company is still run in the same way.
The other 98% of the company has been given to a non-profit group called the Holdfast Collective. The goal of the Holdfast Collective is to fight climate change and to protect wild land. The profit that Patagonia makes—about $100 million every year—will go to this organization.
1. What do we learn about Patagonia?| A．It has a history of more than 60 years. |
| B．It’s an organization fighting climate change. |
| C．It pays special attention to the environment. |
| D．It’s a company making climbing equipment. |
| A．It would lose the direction. | B．It would become non-profit. |
| C．It would suffer an economic loss. | D．It would be run in a different way. |
| A．Kill two birds with one stone. | B．What’s done can’t be undone. |
| C．Two heads are better than one. | D．Actions speak louder than words. |
| A．His pursuit of success. | B．His social responsibility. |
| C．His rich life experiences. | D．His great business talent. |
【推荐1】Microsoft PowerPoint is the world’s most common presentation tool. It emerged from software company Forethought Inc in the 1980s. Bob Gaskins was the man behind it.
“I knew in the early 80s that there were as many as a billion, a thousand million presentation slides being made per year just in America,” Gaskins says, “but they were all made by hand and almost nobody was using computers to do them.”
“It was clear to me that here was a huge application worth billions and billions of dollars a year that could be done on computers as soon as there was a revolution in the kinds of computers that we had.”
Gaskins was onto something, but it was a hard sell at the time. The software wouldn’t run on any existing personal computers. Anyone wanting to use it had to buy a new machine. Even so, people bought personal computers for the first time in order to be able to use PowerPoint, says Wired magazine journalist Russell Davies.
Davies explains that before PowerPoint, people used slides to convey information to groups—but anyone creating a presentation had to send away to get their materials made. It took a long time to do, was difficult to make changes and because it was so expensive, only the most senior people in an organisation got to do it.
“PowerPoint.” Davies says, “made it possible for everyone in an organisation to stand up and say their piece.”
PowerPoint has helped turn us all into presenters, but it’s also been accused of over-simplifying ideas and distracting us from clear thinking.
Sarah Kaplan is a management professor at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management. She has noticed that, rather than people asking for new analysis or insights in meetings, they were asking for more PowerPoint slides.
Kaplan says that some CEOS, such as Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, have banned its use. “He felt, and I think many people feel, that PowerPoint became such an object of the process that they lost the ideas inside of it and that is the risk.”
1. What drove Bob Gaskins to develop PowerPoint?| A．His personal needs at the office. |
| B．The support from Forethought Inc. |
| C．The great potential market demand. |
| D．His interest in science and technology. |
| A．It was very expensive. |
| B．It was very difficult to use. |
| C．It couldn’t be used on old computers. |
| D．It couldn’t satisfy young people’s needs. |
| A．It falls to solve practical problems. |
| B．It fails to convey messages effectively. |
| C．It makes something valuable unavailable. |
| D．It results in creative thinking getting ignored. |
【推荐2】Food labels already indicate how good or bad a product is for you. But good or bad for the planet? That’s often much less clear. Now a growing number of brands are labeling their products to show their climate impact.
Swedish food company Felix is one of them. For two days in October, Felix opened a pop-up store in Stockholm, where all items were priced based on their carbon footprint. The bigger their emissions, the higher the price. The idea was to demonstrate how easy it is for shoppers to make climate-friendly choices when products are clearly labeled.
“We know that the numbers alone don’t make sense to consumers,”says Sjöberg, Felix’s marketing manager, “To give the figures meaning, we have created a climate scale that clearly shows the current average and which climate footprint is low.”
Evaluating a food’s true carbon footprint isn’t easy and brands are teaming up with specialist platforms that deal with data using complex calculation tools to work out emissions across the whole production chain.
Oatly calculates the footprint of its oat-based drinks, from the agricultural processes all the way to the grocery store, with the help of CarbonCloud, a startup spun out of research at Chalmers University of Technology, in Sweden. “We have developed a web platform that allows the food producers to perform detailed climate assessments without them needing to understand any of the science or the mathematics behind it,”explains CarbonCloud CEO David Bryngelsson.
Companies like Oatly input information including their ingredients, energy use, waste production and how products are shipped, and CarbonCloud's web tool does the rest.
CarbonCloud has done assessments for hundreds of products and brands including Estrella, Nude and Naturli, and says interest is increasing rapidly.
At the moment the food industry doesn’t have a standardized approach to calculating carbon figures, but Sjöberg says the most important thing is to give consumers the information that9s currently available.
“In the future, hopefully we will see a common ground for how we calculate and how we label products,” he says. “But as for right now, the climate can’t wait.”
1. What is special about the products in the pop-up store in Stockholm?| A．They are climate- friendly. |
| B．They are good for people's health. |
| C．They are priced based on carbon emissions. |
| D．They are labeled to show nutrition contents. |
| A．Felix. | B．Oatly. | C．Estrella. | D．CarbonCloud. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Skeptical. | C．Carefree. | D．Negative. |
| A．A newly-opened food store. |
| B．A growing trend of labeling food. |
| C．A new approach to calculating carbon footprint. |
| D．A climate scale to show current average carbon emissions. |
【推荐3】Do you believe that blood types can determine your personality? People in Japan take blood types very seriously, according to a recent BBC report. They have big implications for life, work and love. “What’s your blood type?” is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to job applications.
Last year, four of Japan’s top 10 best-sellers were about how blood type determines personality, selling more than 5 million copies altogether. Why is it such a popular belief that they determine one’s character? Taku Kabeya, chief editor, the publisher of one of the books, told The Huffington Post that he thought the appeal of these books comes from having one’s self-image confirmed. Readers discover the definition of their blood type and “It’s like ‘Yes, that’s me!’” A popular reason often given about the craze is that in a relatively homogenous (一致) society, it provides a simple framework to divide people up into easily recognizable groups. “Being the same is considered a good thing here in Japanese society,” translator Chie Kobayashi told the BBC. “But we enjoy finding little differences that distinguish people.”
As defined by the books, type As are sensitive perfectionists and good team players, but they tend to be over-anxious. Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn, while ABs are artistic but also mysterious and unpredictable. Type Bs are cheerful, but have eccentric (怪癖的), individualistic and selfish traits (特点).
The beliefs surrounding blood groups have been used in unusual ways. The women’s softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood type theories to design training for each player. Major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on employees’ blood types, for example, in 1990 the Asahi Daily newspaper reported that Mitsubishi Electronics (日本三菱电器) had announced the creation of a team made up entirely of A workers.
1. What is the popular belief in Japan according to the passage?| A．Being the same is considered a good thing. |
| B．Blood types can determine personality. |
| C．Happy marriage is based on personality. |
| D．It is fashionable to buy top 10 best-sellers. |
| A．Fashion. | B．Behavior. |
| C．Attraction. | D．Habit. |
| A．Because they are mysterious artistic and unpredictable. |
| B．Because they are perfectionists, good team players. |
| C．Because they are curious and generous but stubborn. |
| D．Because they are cheerful, but have eccentric traits. |
| A．medicine | B．teamwork |
| C．geography | D．culture |
【推荐1】Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition nearly ended in 2010 when Hill was in a car accident, which put the 17- year-old high school senior in hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed from the waist down. For most people, that would have destroyed any hope of a dancing career. But for Hill, it was the beginning. Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair encouraged her to fight. “I want to prove to everyone including myself that I'm still normal,” she said, “whatever normal means.”
Normal for her meant dancing, so Hill did it in her wheelchair alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. Half of her body was taken away from her, so she had to move it with her hands. It took much learning and patience.
After graduation from high school, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who were fighting for the dream of dancing against various spinal (脊椎的) injuries, and invited them to dance with her. To reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called the Rollettes.
Every year Hill holds a dance camp called the Rollettes Experience for wheelchair users to help them bring out their acting talent. In 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended. For many, it was the first time they’d felt they belonged. Edna Serrano said that being part of the Rollettes team gave her the courage to get behind the wheel of a car. “I didn't know I could do so many things that my fellow teammates had taught me.” she said. “I didn’t know I could be sexy. It’s so powerful to have my teammates in my life, because they're my teachers. I have more confidence.”
Chelsie Hill attained what many of us never will: her childhood dream. She has been chasing her dream in the wheelchair. She’s a dancer. The Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling.
1. What happened to Chelsie Hill in 2010?| A．She gave up her hope of dancing. |
| B．She suffered from a serious disease. |
| C．She realized her dream of becoming a dancer. |
| D．She was severely disabled due to a car accident. |
| A．To motivate more people like her. | B．To enlarge her dance business. |
| C．To seek more chances to dance. | D．To expand her social network. |
| A．She could help others. | B．She had more faith in herself. |
| C．She learned how to drive. | D．She became sexier than before. |
| A．Modest and professional. | B．Responsible and creative. |
| C．Determined and inspiring. | D．Cooperative and generous. |
【推荐2】A rescue group made sure hunting dogs Herbier and Hilda were adopted as a pair since Hilda helps Herbier get around.
For more than 50 years, guide dogs have been trained to help humans with vision challenges live without boundaries and enjoy independence in their homes, offices, and the community at large. Given dogs' ability to be trained, along with their skills, it seemed unavoidable that there would be an unofficial guide dog for a blind dog.
Almost more exciting is the fact that one such set, which was abandoned together in Salem about a month ago, has found a new forever home that will allow the blind dog and his caretaker dog to remain together.
A little more than a month ago, someone abandoned three dogs over the fence of a local gentleman who formerly rescued greyhounds. The man no longer rescues the little dogs of being long of body, short of leg and droopy of ears, but he did know to take them to the Marion County Dog Services shelter.
The county shelter knew immediately to contact Diane Young at Salem Dogs, a local dog rescue known for being heavy on love and affection that the county most likely has on speed dial.
The rescue director responded in time, taking in the two of the dogs. One black male was healthy and passed tests quickly and easily. He was put up for adoption at the shelter and was quickly accepted.
The other two are between the ages of 4 and 5, required a bit more care. Hilda, a long-haired, black-dappled female, was obviously connected to Herbier, a light-brown, smooth-coated brown greyhound who had vision problems.
1. What can we learn about the abandoned dogs?| A．They have been trained for their ability and skills. |
| B．The three dogs were abandoned because they are blind. |
| C．They are finally adopted to live with the man who found them. |
| D．The dog Hilda offers to help the blind dog Herbier get around. |
| A．Cows who have lost their babies. | B．Dogs who are abandoned by their owners. |
| C．Humans who become old and lonely. | D．Chickens which are living with their mom. |
| A．The touching story of two dogs helping each other happened one month ago. |
| B．Humans began to train dogs for the ability and skills of guidance five years ago. |
| C．The two abandoned dogs are still living together at the shelter today. |
| D．The two dogs were abandoned most probably because they were blind. |
| A．A moving story about two dogs. | B．The Marion County Dog Services shelter. |
| C．A dog and a blind dog were trained. | D．Two dogs were abandoned by a man. |
【推荐3】Men hunted. Women gathered. That has long been the common view of our prehistoric ancestors. But the discovery of a woman buried 9000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools, and an analysis of other burial sites in the Americas challenges this widely accepted division of labor in hunter-gatherer society.
“Labor practices among recent hunter-gatherer societies are highly gendered, which might lead some to believe that sexist inequalities in things like pay or rank are somehow 'natural' , ”said lead study author Randy Haas, an assistant professor of anthropology (人类学) at University of California, Davis, in a news release. "But it's now clear that sexual division of labor was fundamentally different-likely more equal and reasonable-in our species deep hunter-gatherer past."
The burial site was discovered in 2018 during excavations (发掘) at a high-altitude site called Wilamaya Patjxa in what is now Peru. The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals.
Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female burials. To examine whether this woman found at this site was an outlier, the researchers examined 429 skeletons (骷髅) at 107 burials sites in North and South America around 8000 to 14000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient to "support the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely not unusual".
The findings add to doubts about man — the hunter assumption that informed much thinking about early humans since the mid-20th century. “They suggest hunting was very much a community-based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals”, the paper said. The weapon of choice at that time had low accuracy, encouraging broad participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood.
1. What does the recent burial site at Andes Mountains show?| A．The origin of sexual inequality. |
| B．Hunting skills of ancient times. |
| C．The social system of prehistoric hunters. |
| D．Job division of hunter-gatherer society. |
| A．Gender plays no part in recent hunter-gatherer society. |
| B．Sexist inequality is a natural result of prehistoric society. |
| C．Ancient division of labor might be fairer than we'd thought. |
| D．Public ideas of women's role will be changed abruptly. |
| A．Exception. | B．Failure. |
| C．Role model. | D．Easy target. |
| A．Lack of able-bodied individuals. |
| B．Imperfection in hunting weapons. |
| C．Better accuracy of females in hunting. |
| D．Need for large animals as food source. |
