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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:83 题号:12754950

Do you continue to be healthy in social isolation (隔离)? NASA is looking for people to spend 8 months locked in a Russian lab for a new experiment.

When humans go to the moon and travel to Mars, they will need to be prepared for long-term space travel and even longer stays on these far-off destinations. Currently, NASA’s Artemis program aims to land humans on the moon for the first time since NASA's Apollo 17 mission landed in 1972.

While the moon is the main goal of NASA’s Artemis program, the agency’s larger goal is to send people to Mars. But long term space travel and habitation (居住) won’t be easy. Such missions will present both physical and mental challenges as astronauts work to not only survive, but perform important scientific research in uniquely difficult environments.

In the upcoming NASA-Russia experiment, a group of people will live in a closed facility at Russia’s Institute for Biomedical Problems, which is in Moscow. This habitat facility was used in 2011 for a notable series of Russian mock (模拟的) Mars missions known as Mars500. During these missions, groups of people spent 520 and 105 days on two separate missions in the facility.

The facility, according to the statement, will have “environmental factors similar to those astronauts are expected to experience on future missions to Mars”. The group of people will spend 8 months living together in isolation and working on scientific research.

By living and working in this Mars-like environment, participants in this study will help NASA researchers understand the psychological and physiological (生理的) effects of isolation. These missions help researchers not only perform relevant science experiments but also see how people might get on under strange conditions for long periods of time.

So, if you’re finding that living in social isolation works for you, you might be particularly well-suited for living in a Mars-like environment and this could be for you. But first, you have to qualify. NASA is looking for “highly motivated” Americans between the age of 30-55, who must speak both Russian and English fluently and have a Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor o[ Medicine, or military officer training. Applicants with other related experience may also be considered. Those who are chosen to be a part of this group will be paid for their work.

1. Which of the following succeeded in landing humans on the moon?
A.Apollo 17 mission.B.Artemis program.
C.Mars500.D.Institute for Biomedical Problems.
2. What do we know about the new NASA Russia experiment?
A.It will send people to live on Mars for 8 months.
B.It needs experienced Americans without an age limit.
C.It will be carried out in a Mars-like environment in NASA.
D.It makes preparations for NASA’S human spaceflight program.
3. Why does the author mention “Mars500” in the text?
A.To show the progress in space technology.
B.To explain why the facility has been chosen.
C.To indicate the new experiment will be successful.
D.To describe the life of astronauts in the mock Mars missions.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Want to Have A Trip to Mars? Come!
B.Aretmis -- NASA’S Latest Program
C.Competent in Isolation? NASA Wants You!
D.NASA’s Human Space Travel Program

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关融化的陨石的研究发现融化的陨石含水量极低,它们不可能是地球上水的来源,这使得人们更接近水的起源的答案。

【推荐1】Water makes up 71% of the Earth’s surface, but no one knows how or when such massive quantities of water arrived on the Earth. A new study published in the journal Nature brings scientists one step closer to answering that question.

Led by University of Maryland Assistant Professor of Geology Megan Newcombe, researchers analyzed melted meteorites (熔化的陨石) that had been floating around in space since the solar system’s formation 4.5 billion years ago. They found that these meteorites had extremely low water content — in fact, they were among the driest materials ever measured outside the Earth.

These results, which let researchers rule them out as the primary source of the Earth’s water, could have important information for the search for water — and life — on other planets. It also helps researchers understand the unlikely conditions making the Earth a livable planet.

Researchers wanted to understand how our planet managed to get water because it’s not completely obvious. Getting water and having surface oceans on a planet that is small and relatively near the sun is a challenge.

“We knew that plenty of outer solar system objects were differentiated, but it was sort of secretively assumed that because they were from the outer solar system, they must also contain a lot of water,” said Sune Nielsen, a study co-author and geologist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Our paper shows this is definitely not the case. As soon as meteorites melt, there is no remaining water.”

The findings have applications beyond geology. Scientists of many fields — and especially exoplanet (系外行星) researchers — are interested in the origin of the Earth’s water because of its deep connections with life.

“Water is considered to be a must for life to be able to exist, so as we’re looking out into the universe and finding all of these exoplanets, we’re starting to work out which of those planetary systems could be potential hosts for life,” said Newcombe. “In order to be able to understand these other solar systems, we want to understand our own.”

1. What did the new study focus on?
A.The history of the Earth.B.The origin of the Earth’s water.
C.The source of meteorites.D.The structure of solar system.
2. What did researchers prove from melted meteorites?
A.The driest materials coming from other planets.
B.An impossible source of the Earth’s water.
C.The challenge of getting water near the sun.
D.The likely conditions making the Earth habitable.
3. Why does the subject of the Earth’s water appeal to scientists?
A.Because it is closely related to life.
B.Because it can make them famous.
C.Because it concerns many disciplines.
D.Because it is deeply connected with outer space.
4. Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A science fiction.B.A geography textbook.
C.A book review.D.A research report.
2023-12-03更新 | 79次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家收到了被毁星球发出的求救信号,论述了科学家对这些信号的一些解释和看法。

【推荐2】Surprised scientists say they now have absolute proof that life exists on Jupiter (木星). They’re receiving SOS signals radioed from the destroyed planet! Off the record, NASA higher-ups are analyzing that the signals were caused by the recent strike of Jupiter by comet fragments (彗星碎片).

“Theses signals can only be coming from an intelligent (智慧的) life form,” says Dr. Lucas Mirsch, a highly respected planetary astronomer with close ties to NASA. “Contrary to what we’ve believed for years, we’re not alone in the solar system. And based on what we can tell from the mathematical pattern of these signals, the residents of the largest planet in our galaxy are asking Earth for help.” Dr. Mirsch says NASA officials have absolutely confirmed that Jupiter is the source of the strange signals, which began in late June—just weeks before the comet fragments began to hit the giant planet.

“NASA has investigated every possibility that this could be a hoax,” says Dr. Mirsch. That is, it may be a trick. “State-of-the-art sensors have traced the point of origin to the exact position of Jupiter’s orbit. There’s simply nowhere else they could be coming from.”

One of the specialists who has analyzed the mathematical pattern of the sounds says he and his staff are 99 percent sure the message is an SOS of some sort. “It’s difficult to explain to the public,” said the expert. “But the frequency with which certain numbers occur in a coded message gives us clues about its general content. Although we can’t give an exact word- for-word translation, we can say with reasonable certainty that life-and-death urgency is being communicated.”

NASA won’t officially comment but Dr. Mirsch says, “There’s not much the agency can do to help. All we can do now is pray that Jupiter survives this terrible strike and that our two worlds can make contact again soon.”

1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.The signals come from intelligent creatures.
B.It was believed that we humans were not alone in the solar system.
C.NASA officials are not sure whether the strange signals are from Jupiter.
D.Jupiter had been hit by comet fragments before the strange signals appeared.
2. What does the underlined word “hoax” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Message.B.SOS.C.Lie.D.Reality.
3. What can NASA do with the signals now?
A.Nothing but pray.B.Launch new satellites.
C.Send messages to Jupiter.D.Destroy the comet fragments.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.There Is Life Existing on JupiterB.Comet Fragments Recently Hit Jupiter
C.Jupiter Was Destroyed by Intelligent Life FormD.Scientists Received Signals from Jupiter for Help
2023-09-17更新 | 97次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】Plenty of science fiction (sci-f) movies over the decades have shown us different versions of Mars. The truth about the Martian surface might be exciting because it's real. And with NASA' s Mars 2020 mission set to launch this summer, we're facing more discovery.

So far, thanks to a decade of research enabled by NASA's Curiosity rover, we've learned that lakes, rivers streams and likely oceans used to appear on Mars. While its water disappeared over three billion years ago, it tells us that Mars used to be habitable. This knowledge confuses us because so far, we've seen no clear evidence of life there, not even a virus. But if Mars was once habitable, wouldn't it have life?

NASA is now prepared to take the next step to answer this question with the launch of another rover, Perseverance. Every time a rover goes to Mars, it just stays there, with no way to fly back home. So we have never brought rock or soil samples back from Mars.

Perseverance rover will change this. Its primary and unique purpose is to collect samples that a future spacecraft can return to Earth. These samples will tell us more about the geologic history of Mars than anything we've learned, which is already a lot. Since 2012. the Curiosity rover has traveled more than a dozen miles, making observations along the way with its 10 instruments.

Thanks to data from the Curiosity rovers Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, we know that Mars does indeed have organic materials. That’s more complex than we expected to find on the surface of Mars. And that's exactly why we want to gather the most interesting samples and bring them back to Earth. We expect to find out much more about Mars once we get samples back from the Mars 2020 mission.

1. What is the purpose of Mars 2020 Mission?
A.To explore the Martian surface.B.To travel around the universe.
C.To show the power of NASA.D.To study the life on Mars.
2. What does the underlined word "habitable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Enjoyable to visit.B.Suitable for living.
C.Ready for changes.D.Convenient to travel.
3. What was the problem with Mars exploration before Perseverance?
A.The rovers could not reach Mars.
B.Observations were hard to make.
C.Samples on Mars couldn't be brought back.
D.Study instruments got lost in the space station.
4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A.New Mars rover to be launchedB.Sei-fi movies on Mars to be made
C.Curiosity to bring back Mars samplesD.NASA to send manned rover to Mars
2020-08-04更新 | 116次组卷
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