Wasting things is a nightmare (噩梦) for the environment, especially food waste, which does double harm to the environment. A plenty of resources go into the food and the food system also produces lots of greenhouse gases and pollution.
In our homes, restaurants, and food shops, 17 percent of all our food is thrown away—that’s about a sixth of all of the food we have. If you add on the food lost in production, about a third of all food produced never reaches a mouth. At the same time, nearly 700 million people were affected by hunger in 2019, while 3 billion still struggle to afford healthy food. It is mostly households that are to blame: 11 percent of the food ends up in the trash of our homes, compared to a mere 5 and 2 percent from stores and restaurants.
The reasons why food goes to waste are probably familiar to you: dinner party leftovers that never get eaten, food going bad before you cook it, or simply confusion over sell-by and use-by dates that leads to totally fine food ending up in the garbage.
The UN aims to cut food waste in half at the consumer and sale levels by late 2022. Luckily, there’s actually a lot we can do as individuals and governments can make policies to help people and the environment a lot. For individuals, something important is being more thoughtful and prepared when going to the grocery store. Make a list of meals you want to cook, and then only buy fresh produce that you will 100 percent be eating in the next few days. In social aspect, improving education on how to preserve food and understand tricky labels (标签), encouraging food recycling and pushing companies to sell smaller quantities of healthy, fresh food for one or two people could all play a helpful role in bringing down the massive pile of eatable waste.
1. Which of the following contributes most to food waste?A.Food shops. | B.Restaurants. | C.Households. | D.Food production. |
A.People eat less than before. | B.The food price is low. |
C.Food spoils easily during the summer. | D.People are confused about the shelf life of food. |
A.Grocery stores should supply limited food. |
B.People should raise their awareness of food conservation. |
C.Everyone should consume as little food as possible. |
D.Governments should distribute food resources fairly. |
A.Health. | B.Fashion. | C.Environment. | D.Science. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Can you remember what you ate yesterday? If asked, most people will be able to give a vague description of their main meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner. But can you be sure you’ve noted every snack bar in your car, or every handful of nuts at your desk?
We originally had this suspicion back in 2016, puzzled by the fact that national statistics showed calorie consumption falling dramatically over past decades. Now, the Office for National Statistics has confirmed that people are considerably under-reporting what they ate by 50%.
Another cause is that the proportion of people who are trying to slim down has been increasing over time.
So, what’s the message conveyed? If people do not know how much they are eating, it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet.
A.Why is this happening? |
B.What will come about next? |
C.Most people will feel that they’ve missed something out. |
D.We should be looking for new ways to handle this problem. |
E.The final one is an increase in snacking and eating out recently. |
F.People are consuming more calories than the national statistics claim. |
G.Those who want to lose weight are more likely to under-report their eating. |
【推荐2】Best Soda Alternatives
You know soft drinks aren’t a smart way to get rid of your thirst. Making them a habit increases your risk of being overweight. But water isn’t the only smart alternative. Choose pure juice which has fewer calories and more nutrients will contribute to your good health. Studies show surprising benefits from:
Orange Juice
Drinking a couple of glasses of OJ prevents the inflammation that can be caused by a fast food breakfast, making damage to blood vessels less likely, a new study shows. The protective effect may come from the juice’s contents with anti-inflammatory properties.
Grape Juice
It’s a good source of antioxidants that seem to strengthen brain function. In one study, older adults who drink grape juice daily for 12 weeks shows significant improvement on memory tests.
Lemonade Juice
Several studies suggest lemonade can help stay away from kidney stones, a painful problem that’s on the increase and cut your risk of a recurrence by as much as 90 percent with a large daily dose: Mix four ounces of lemon juice with two liters of water and drink straight up or sweetened, says Roger L. Sur, MD, director of the University of California, San Diego, Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center.
Apple Juice
Apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Compared to many other fruits and vegetables, apples contain relatively low amounts of vitamin C, but a rich source of antioxidant compounds. The fiber content, while less than in most other fruits, helps regulate bowel movements and may thus reduce the risk of colon cancer. They may also help with heart disease and weight loss.
1. Drinking soft drinks more often may develop the risk of _____.A.fatness | B.thirst | C.heart attack | D.cancer |
A.Orange Juice | B.Lemonade Juice |
C.Apple Juice | D.Grape Juice |
A.It contains much more fiber than other fruits. |
B.Its contents can help fight against inflammation. |
C.There are abundant antioxidant compounds in it. |
D.People with kidney stones should drink it more. |
【推荐3】Chances are that you’re avoiding many healthy options from your dinner table when you really don’t need to be.
Cheese
Not all cheese is bad.
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes are some of the healthiest potatoes. Yet another member of the high-carb category, potatoes often get avoided like the plague (瘟疫). But potatoes with dark flesh are extra healthy, and are shown to boost antioxidant (抗氧化剂) levels.
Coffee
A few cups of coffee daily has been shown to actually benefit your health. Just leave out all of the calorie creamers. Sure, too much coffee can have you bouncing off the walls and send your heart racing.
A.When you rearrange your refrigerator |
B.Here are a few examples of some foods |
C.People should avoid eating much junk food |
D.Now that your menu options have opened up |
E.Eating these can reduce your risk of heart disease as well |
F.But moderate consumption actually has positive health potential |
G.Mozzarella, for instance, is lower in calories than most other cheeses |
【推荐1】In 2011, organizations in England called on the citizens to reduce the amount of meat eaten on Fridays. 28% of people adjusted their dietary habits in various ways. Some gave up meat on Fridays, while others reduced it.
A new study from the University of Cambridge aimed to look at the consequences of behavioral change from people within a society and how these consequences bring in potentially large environmental benefits over time has assessed the impact of this shift, estimating that over the past decade, 55,000 tonnes of annual carbon emissions were saved.
The 28% of people said they changed their habits; of these, 55% reduced meat consumption on Fridays, and 41% stopped eating meat on Fridays. The 72% of people who did not change dietary habits attributed it to preferring to choose their own foods.
Using further data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), researchers could tell that people in the UK eat an average of 100 grams of meat daily, and the average high-protein, non-meat-eater (who eats fish and cheese) contributes one third of the greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram that a meat-eater does.
Thus, making a conservative assumption that citizens who adapted their diet switched to high protein non-meat meals on Fridays, the researchers estimated that this equated to approximately 875,000 fewer meat meals a week, which saved 1,070 tonnes of carbon, or 55,000 tonnes over a year.
There are some concerns about the implementation(实施) of meatless Fridays leading to further reduction of fish stocks, as fish is a common substitute for red meat. The researchers say, however, that this need not be a concern; there was no increase in fish consumption over the past decade, nor did meat consumption go up on other days to make up for its absence on Fridays. Furthermore, there are many more meat substitutes available now than in the past, offering more options.
1. Which of the following can best describe the shift?A.Costly. | B.Meaningless. |
C.Well-known. | D.Environmentally friendly. |
A.The experimental process. |
B.The changes in people’s lifestyle. |
C.The people’s response to the appeal. |
D.The people’s care of carbon emissions. |
A.To support the findings of the study. |
B.To introduce the application of the study. |
C.To show a different opinion about the study. |
D.To call on more people to participate in the study. |
A.Curious. | B.Optimistic. | C.Doubtful. | D.Shocked. |
Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.
Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel’s chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,” he said.
The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反刍动物), particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it,” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But there’s a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we’d save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”
Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less meat would help, there’s no question about that,” Watson said.
However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were contradictory,” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”
1. What is directly related to global warming?
A.Consumption of meat. | B.Growth of cattle. |
C.Methane from ruminants. | D.Processing of meat. |
A.Rajendra Pachauri. | B.John Torode. | C.Robert Watson. | D.Chris Lamb. |
A.we should try to keep away from cattle | B.ruminants should not be left outdoors |
C.the meat industry will soon close down | D.we must do our duty to save the earth |
A.Less meat, slower global warming |
B.More animals, more greenhouse gas |
C.Less imported food, better our environment |
D.Greater diet change, smaller climate change |
【推荐3】Coastal cities around the globe are sinking by up to several centimeters per year, on average, satellite observations reveal. The one-two punch of sinking land and rising seas means that these coastal regions are at greater risk of flooding than previously thought, researchers report in the April 16 Geophysical Research Letters.
Matt Wei, an earth scientist at the University of Rhode Island in Narragansett, and colleagues studied 99 coastal cities on six continents. “We tried to balance population and geographic location,” he says. While subsidence (下沉) has been measured in cities previously, earlier research has tended to focus on just one city or region. This investigation is different. Wei says, “It’s one of the first to really use data with global coverage.” Wei and his team relied on observations made mostly from 2015 to 2020 by a pair of European satellites. Instruments onboard beam microwave signals toward Earth and then record the waves that bounce back. By measuring the timing and intensity of those reflected waves, the team determined the height of the ground with millimeter accuracy. And because each satellite flies over the same part of the planet every 12 days, the researchers were able to trace how the ground deformed over time.
The largest subsidence rates — up to five centimeters per year — are mostly in Asian cities like Tianjin, China; Karachi, Pakistan; and Manila, Philippines, the team found. What’s more, about one-third, or 34, of the analyzed cities are sinking in some places by more than a centimeter per year. That’s a worrying trend, says Dario Solano-Rojas, an earth scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City who was not involved in the research. These cities are being hit with a double whammy: At the same time that sea levels are rising due to climate change, the land is sinking. “Understanding that part of the problem is a big deal,” Solano-Rojas says.
Wei and his colleagues think that the subsidence is largely caused by people. When the researchers looked at Google Earth imagery of the regions within cities that were rapidly sinking, the team saw mostly residential or commercial areas. That’s a tip-off that the culprit (元凶) is groundwater extraction, the team concluded. Landscapes tend to settle as water is pumped out of aquifers (含水层). But there’s reason to be hopeful. In the past, Indonesia’s Jakarta, for example, was sinking by nearly 30 cm/yr, on average. But now subsidence there and in other places has slowed, possibly due to recent governmental regulations limiting groundwater extraction.
1. How does Matt Wei and his colleagues’ research differ from previous ones?A.It centers on observing European satellites. |
B.It adopts comprehensive data on a global scale. |
C.It demonstrates subsiding land and rising seas risk coastal regions. |
D.It makes the connection between waves and the height of the ground. |
A.Most Asian cities are sinking at the rate of five centimeters per year. |
B.Dario Solano-Rojas is in charge of statistical analysis in the research. |
C.Some cities are in a difficult situation with land sinking and sea rising. |
D.Cities subsiding at largest rates account for one third of the analyzed cities. |
A.Launching satellites flying over the same part of the earth. | B.Governments’ regulations on limiting water usage. |
C.Rising seas flooding some coastal regions regularly. | D.Pumping groundwater out for certain purposes. |
A.Optimistic. | B.Skeptical. | C.Tolerant. | D.Conservative. |
【推荐1】In the waves of human exploration into space, our brave Chinese people have never stopped the pace of advancing. In just half a century, China has made remarkable aviation exploration success. After landing probes on the lunar and Martian surfaces, China has begun to set its exploratory sights on the core of our solar system—the sun.
Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 508-kilogram Chinese H-Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct. 14 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province. It then entered a sun-synchronous orbit about 517 kilometers above Earth.
The spacecraft is China's first space-based solar telescope and is designed to work for at least three years, Wang Wei, project manager of the satellite, told China Daily.
Its scientific payload is an H-alpha imaging spectrograph. The H-alpha band is one of the best spectral lines to study solar activity, according to the Global Times. “The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun's physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists' studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption,” Wang told China Daily.
Several Chinese satellites, such as the Fengyun 3E meteorological satellite, have carried equipment that can collect solar data, but Xihe is the first one dedicated to solar observation.
“Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun,” Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily.
Since the 1960s, NASA has sent dozens of solar orbiters to circle the sun, and in 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned a sample of solar wind. The most recently launched solar mission was Parker Solar Probe in 2018. Europe and Japan also have solar missions, according to the South China Morning Post.
“Our country is ranked No. 2 in the world in terms of published research papers on solar observations, but all of the satellite-generated data used by our scientists are from foreign spacecraft,” Zhao told China Daily. “Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.”
1. What do we know about Xihe?A.It is expected to work for five years. | B.It is a half-ton scientific research satellite. |
C.It is named after an ancient Chinese scientist. | D.It is the world's first solar observation satellite. |
A.To monitor changes in the sun's physical elements. |
B.To adjust the temperature and speed of the sun. |
C.To study how solar activity affects life on Earth. |
D.To observe other satellites around the sun. |
A.Our reliance on foreign satellites will come to an end. |
B.It helps scientists learn more about solar history. |
C.Solar eruptions may bring human beings disasters. |
D.Creatures on Earth would suffer with little knowledge about solar activity. |
A.The advantages of the Xihe satellite. | B.The significance of the Xihe mission. |
C.The development of China's space exploration. | D.The ways scientists collect satellite-generated data. |
【推荐2】Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000 LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014.
The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,” Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.”
Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of oxygen.
A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine.
Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape.
1. What’s the function of the LifeVac device?A.To put out the fire. | B.To remove foreign objects. |
C.To design procedures. | D.To treat victims’ throats. |
A.Its target users. | B.Its practical necessity. |
C.Its major advantages. | D.Its reasonable price |
A.A kid’s death. | B.His client’s suggestion. |
C.A garage accident. | D.Material rewards. |
A.A productive inventor. | B.A convincing cure. |
C.An anti-choking device. | D.An important toolbox. |
【推荐3】When you go to a grocery store, you expect to pay for your goods with money. But students at a high school in Texas, US, opened a store that runs on good deeds.
In November, students from Linda Tutt High School in the city of Sanger launched a grocery store that enables students to purchase necessities such as toilet paper, meat and basic food items using a point system. The store aims to support families in need.
“In our school district, there are roughly 2,750 students enrolled and throughout the district, 43 percent of these students are considered economically disadvantaged,” Anthony Love, principal of Linda Tutt, told CNN. “About 3.6 percent of our students are considered homeless. We thought it was important to support them and their families and make sure they had food on the table.”
Students earn points by contributing positively to the school. For those students from poor families, the point system has provided a way for them to shop for their families, according to Love. “They can earn points for doing chores(杂活)around the building or helping to clean,” he said.
With the help of partners like Texas Health, Albertsons and First Refuge Ministries, the school was able to stock the shelves.
The number of points for each item was actually assigned by the students. “So we walked through here and decided that a can of green beans was one point,” said Paul Juarez, the executive director of First Refuge Ministries.
Juarez hopes the idea can get implemented(实施)in other areas. “It gives us a picture of what can be. So if we can do this inside other schools, it will do a whole lot to help other small towns.”
In addition to the financial benefits, students also learn about supply management and customer service, and such lessons could prepare them for future jobs.
The grocery store's student manager, Hunter Weertman, says he has already learned important life skills from his experience at the store, such as making good spending choices and budgeting(安排开支).
The store practice was also welcomed by Thomas Muir, Sanger's mayor(市长). “We all had our first jobs and it taught us how to work, and what you got from your work,” he said. “I think this will do that for them too, and also meet an immediate need.”
1. Why did students from Linda Tutt High School open such a special grocery store?A.To learn to manage money. |
B.To finish their research project. |
C.To support students from poor families. |
D.To encourage people to serve the community. |
A.By volunteering in the community. |
B.By doing good deeds at school. |
C.By selling goods to families. |
D.By doing chores at home. |
A.provide shelves for students |
B.buy the shelves to put goods |
C.keep supplies of goods to sell |
D.make good learning management |
A.The number of points should not be assigned by students. |
B.The practice has set a good example for other schools. |
C.The customer service at the store needs improvement. |
D.The point system can only be used in schools. |
A.It inspired students to study harder. |
B.It allowed students to choose a career. |
C.It improved students learning abilities. |
D.It helped students gain work experience. |