More than half of Chinese children and teenagers suffered from nearsightedness, according to a survey by the National Health Commission(NHC).
The common phenomenon of extreme myopia has also become alarming. According to the survey, the percentage of senior students in high schools who wear glasses stronger than six diopters went up to 21.9 percent.
According to Ma Jun, deputy head of the Beijing Ophthalmology Institute, the survey was the largest in recent years. This survey has provided a basis for taking targeted measures for control and prevention.
Nearsightedness is not curable with current medical techniques.
| A．China made a plan last year to control the rise in nearsightedness among children and teenagers. |
| B．The high rate of nearsightedness has brought about many incredible consequences, according to NHC official ZhangYong. |
| C．The survey was organized by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance and the NHC in 2018. |
| D．Thus, prevention work is particularly important. |
| E．Overall,53.6 percent(of these students) were nearsighted. |
| F．Several factors are associated with the high rate of nearsightedness, according to NHC official Zhang Yong. |
| G．Many scientists as well as educators are concerned about the increasing rate of nearsightedness. |
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【推荐1】As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain, the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery, the violinist was moving her bow (琴弓) up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor (肿瘤). The King’s College hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact.
Turner, 53, learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner, so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play,” Keyoumars Ashkan, a doctor at King’s College Hospital, said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon, expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery, using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons are coming into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor tests to a patient’s particular needs.
1. What does the underlined word “intact”mean in the first paragraph?| A．Strong. | B．Sound. |
| C．Talented. | D．Influential. |
| A．To keep her brain more active when she played the violin. |
| B．To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely. |
| C．To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely. |
| D．To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain. |
| A．Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery. |
| B．Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery. |
| C．A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before. |
| D．Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping his brain. |
| A．Musician joined in her own brain surgery |
| B．Mapping a brain is realized after surgery |
| C．The violinist suffers from a brain tumor |
| D．Doctors perform surgery on a brain |
【推荐2】Tips for protecting your eyes during the winter
We usually worry about staying warm during the winter months, and think less about protecting our eyes.
Tip 1:
During the winter, our eyes are often exposed to blowing, dry, hot air that can cause them to become dry. Here are a few treatments:
Tip 2: Wear sunglasses with UV(紫外线) protection.
UV rays in the winter can harm our eyes.
Tip 3: Goggles(护目镜) protect in many ways.
Goggles not only protect our eyes from UV rays, but they also help keep our eyes from drying out from the winter wind. In addition, think about all those branches, leaves, and dirty snow that can severely injure our eyes upon contact.
| A．Clean your eyes carefully |
| B．Goggles protect the eyes from the wind |
| C．Don’t let your eyes dry out |
| D．However, the winter months can be as hard on our eyes as the summer months |
| E．In fact, they can do even more harm when they’re reflecting(反射) off snow |
| F．It is wise to wear quality goggles |
| G．Keep eye drops at hand to wet your eyes |
【推荐3】Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.
Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
1. What can we learn about crossing one's legs?| A．It is a very bad social habit. |
| B．It can do harm to people's health. |
| C．It is usually practiced deliberately. |
| D．It can make others feel uncomfortable. |
| A．affect your blood pressure | B．resist gravity effectively |
| C．lead to heart attacks easily | D．improve the function of legs |
| A．being highly flexible | B．being a little tired |
| C．serious muscle injuries | D．slight sharp pains |
| A．To compare common habits. | B．To evaluate effects of an experiment. |
| C．To give readers some advice. | D．To introduce research methods. |
【推荐1】There is a school in my Manhattan neighbourhood that has been giving out free meals during the Covid-19 pandemic-and every time I walk past it the line seems longer. A community fridge recently showed up a couple of blocks away; it’s one of many that activists have fixed across the city to fight against growing food insecurity. Just around the corner there’s a young woman who has become a regular among the beggars I usually see in the area. She lost her job because of Covid-19.
It’s not all doom and gloom. While the poor are getting poorer, the 1% are making out like robbers. America’s 600-plus billionaires saw their wealth grow by more than $700bn in the first few months of the pandemic. During the same period, more than 50 million American workers lost their jobs. The US government has printed trillions of dollars in economic relief but many of the forgivable emergency loans for small businesses seem to have been taken by the super-rich. My local independent coffee shop has closed down, but Kanye West received a partially forgivable loan worth at least $2m. It is becoming increasingly clear that the US is experiencing one of the biggest wealth transfers in history.
Bernie Sanders has a plan to help. Last week, Sanders introduced a bill, Make Billionaires Pay Act, that would establish a one-time 60% tax on billionaires’ pandemic gains and use the money to guarantee Americans free health care for a year. There is very little chance the bill will get passed.
Billionaires shouldn’t exist in the first place-the idea that they should be taxed at a higher rate during a pandemic to help pay health care shouldn’t be remotely controversial. However, there are some who think such a move would be extremely unfair to “poor unfortunate” billionaires who, as we all know, are one of the most unfairly hurt groups in the world.
1. How does the author develop the first two paragraphs?| A．By listing numbers. | B．By giving definitions. |
| C．By presenting arguments. | D．By making contrasts. |
| A．the writer doesn’t feel depressed at all |
| B．the current situation of Covid-19 is getting better |
| C．the woman has suffered more than we can imagine |
| D．the billionaires still make profits during the pandemic |
| A．rid the country of pandemic |
| B．restrict the billionaires’ fortune |
| C．provide short-term loans for health care |
| D．ensure temporary free medical service |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Disappointed. |
| C．Sympathetic. | D．Respectful. |
【推荐2】All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year. Networks have been part of our life. Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. However, is this kind of public WiFi network safe?
Some networks are better protected than others because encryption (加密) methods are used. Therefore, they are safer than others. But a survey in 2015 showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dates, phone numbers, passwords and so on. These open WiFi networks are really not safe, because it is very easy for hackers (黑客) to break into the operating system and get people’s private information.
Most smartphones and laptops, by themselves, search and connect to WiFi networks. They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before Hackers’ devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks. When these smartphones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real, hackers can easily steal their private information.
So next time, when we want to use our laptops or our smartphones in public places which offer free WiFi networks, please think it twice or take safe measures before using them.
1. Why do people like to go log on to a public WiFi network?| A．Because it can provide useful information. |
| B．Because the owner of the network is polite |
| C．Because it is free. |
| D．Because it is safe. |
| A．not all the public WiFi networks are safe |
| B．none of the public WiFi networks is safe |
| C．in 2015 more than 950million records were protected |
| D．there is no way to protect our private information |
| A．our birth dates | B．our passwords |
| C．our phone numbers | D．our smartphones |
| A．Don’t Use Public WiFi Networks |
| B．Why the Public WiFi Networks a Possible Danger |
| C．We needn’t Protect Our Private Information |
| D．Why Hackers Break into the Operating System |
【推荐3】Although we're surrounded by millions of them every day, most of us don't think about bricks too often. For thousands of years,the humble clay-fired brick hasn't changed.
They're made from natural materials,but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production. Bricks are made from clay-a type of soil found all over the world.Clay mining harms plant growth.In conventional brick production,the clay is shaped and baked in kilns(窑）heated by fossil fuels,which contributes to climate change.Once made,bricks must be transported to construction sites,generating more carbon emissions.With so many bricks produced globally,their impact adds up.
Gabriela Medero,a professor at Scotland's Heriot-Watt University,decided to find solutions to that.With her university's support,Medero set up Kenoteq in 2009.The company's signature product is the K-Briq.Made from more than 90% construction waste,Medero says the K-Briq- which does not need to be fired in a kiln-produces less than a tenth of the carbon emissions of conventional bricks.With the company testing new machinery to start manufacturing,Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world.
The K-Briq will be comparably priced to old bricks.Additionally,as a new product,the K-Briq has been subjected to strict assessment and authoritative certification.Reusing old bricks is an expensive process and there is no standardized way to check the strength,safety or durability(耐久性）of recycled bricks.Medero says that K-Briqs could solve both these problems.She claims that K-Briqs are stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks.
Over the next 18 months,Medero plans to get K-Briq machinery on-site at recycling plants.＂This will reduce transport-related emissions because trucks can collect K-Briqs when they drop off construction waste,"says Medero.
1. What inspired Medero to reinvent the conventional bricks?| A．The poor quality of the bricks. |
| B．The outdated style of the bricks. |
| C．The high cost of manufacturing bricks. |
| D．The problems with the brick production. |
| A．It won't produce extra waste. |
| B．It brings no pollution to the air. |
| C．The plants occupy much less land than before. |
| D．The products are mainly made from construction waste. |
| A．The popularity of the K-Briqs. |
| B．The advantages of K-Briqs over traditional bricks. |
| C．The special materials used in K-Briqs. |
| D．The advanced technology used for K-Briqs. |
| A．To ensure fewer emissions. |
| B．To speed up the production. |
| C．To lower the production cost. |
| D．To collect more construction waste. |
