Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence(证据) shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject(排斥) older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.
1. In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. |
B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. |
C.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. |
D.They regard eating as a key part of their life style. |
A.Americans and the French. | B.children and adults. |
C.life style and obesity. | D.fast food and overweight. |
A.making comparisons | B.following space order |
C.analyzing cause and effect | D.following time order |
A.A TV interview. | B.A food advertisement. |
C.A health report. | D.A book review. |
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【推荐1】Many people give up desserts because they want to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
If you love chocolate, don’t worry, it loves you back.
Always in the mood for something sweet?
Have you ever eaten a piece of cake that made you feel happy? It’s true. You get that feeling because foods help your body produce a chemical that contributes to your feelings of happiness. So, go ahead and eat your aunt’s apple pie or your grandma’s cookies.
A.Chocolate is quite good for you. |
B.It really will put a smile on your face. |
C.Desserts are a big part of the holiday season. |
D.But eating a small dessert will be good for you. |
E.Satisfy your sweet tooth with a small dessert serving. |
F.Desserts offer an easy way to add more fruit to your diet. |
G.There’s a reason why you long for desserts and it’s not just about taste. |
【推荐2】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research. both the size and consumption (食用) habits of our eating companions (同伴) can influence (影响) our food intake (摄取). And it is different from the present research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份).
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to take part in a study about move viewership.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit (照着做), taking more food than they normally would have.
For the second test. in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case. she took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust (调整) the influence.
A.Eating properly is good for people's health |
B.Someone's appetite is his desire to eat |
C.The results were the same as the first test |
D.However, they took much more when the actor was thin |
E.I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits |
F.Before the move began. each woman was asked to help herself to a snack |
G.The new research says that you really need to avoid the tall and thin person with big appetites |
【推荐3】Everyone needs a healthy diet plan. This is especially important when we are first making the change to a new food lifestyle. 1 say lifestyle, because diets just don't work. You will always find yourself struggling as long as you think of your eating habits based on a diet rather than a lifestyle.
What you eat will be determined from what you believe about health and nutrition. If you believe there is no connection between health and the food you eat, you will eat whatever "tastes right" to you, no matter what it is doing to your health. However, if you believe that the human body is an unbelievable self-healing (自愈的)machine that only requires the right fuel (nutrition) to maintain health, then you will choose your foods thus.
A healthy diet plan must be based on what is best for your body. If you are concerned about your taste buds(味蕾),don't worry they will catch up. They have likely been programmed to think they want fats and salts. It may be hard for you to imagine doing without all those processed foods you've been eating. But it won't be long after you start following a healthy diet plan that your taste buds will long for what is really good for you.
It will take some time for your body to acclimate to your new diet plan, just as developing any new positive habit does. But trust me, your body knows what it needs. Once you start feeding it the nutrition it requires, your body, including your taste, will respond positively.
The healthy diet plan we advise is one that includes as much whole, raw food as possible. Our personal meal planning includes a lot of raw food, whole foods and little to no animal products. Our meal plans include as many dark green and other brightly colored vegetables as possible.
The final tip I have for you as you make the change to a healthy diet meal plan is knowledge, knowledge, knowledge. Having the right knowledge will be one of your keys to success.
1. What should we change first to have a healthy diet plan?A.Our lifestyle. | B.Our eating habits. |
C.Our taste buds. | D.Our ways of thinking. |
A.Eat whatever tastes right. | B.Take foods for your health. |
C.Exercise on a regular basis. | D.Eat foods rich in fats and salts. |
A.They will stick to what we are used to eating. |
B.They will become weak if we change our diet. |
C.They can only respond to refined foods. |
D.They can change with our diet plan. |
A.Object to. | B.Get used to. |
C.Survive from. | D.Get over. |
【推荐1】If all the food that’s thrown away in three American cities could be saved, it would provide 68 million meals for people who don’t have enough to eat, according to a recent study.
The researchers found that, in the cities they surveyed(调查), more than a kilogram of edible food per person is wasted each week. Edible food is food you can eat. It doesn’t include things like apple cores(果核), egg shells, or bones from meat. Fruits and vegetables were the most common edible foods found in the dustbin, followed by food leftover from meals. Eggs, bread and milk were also commonly thrown out.
The people taking part in the survey gave several reasons for throwing edible food away. Most said the food went off. Some said they weren’t interested in eating leftovers. A few said the food had passed the “Best Before” date printed on the label(标签). When food is wasted—by families, restaurants or grocery stores—we are also wasting all of the resources that go into producing that food. That means we are wasting water, land, energy and labour, as well as the fuel needed to transport food.
A lot of food is wasted before it even reaches the grocery store(食品杂货商). Some food is damaged while it is being transported from the farm to the stores. Fruits and vegetables that don’t look attractive enough don’t even get put onto the shelves because most people won’t buy them. Grocery stores, restaurants and hospitals also waste a large amount of food. The researchers suggest that grocery stores should donate any food that is still okay to eat to homeless shelters, instead of throwing it away. Prepared meals from hospitals or restaurants could also be donated to shelters.
1. What do we know about edible food from the second paragraph?A.Fruits are the most common. | B.Some has been wasted. |
C.It weighs over a kilogram. | D.Bone is also edible food. |
A.It has gone bad. | B.People prefer other food. |
C.It is not their favorite. | D.The date hasn’t been printed. |
A.Help people in need. | B.Beautify any food. |
C.Discount fine food. | D.Throw away outdated food. |
A.How Much Food do You Buy? | B.How Much Food do You Eat? |
C.How Much Food do You Waste? | D.How Much Food do You Need? |
It’s all about personal peace, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated (侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume (香水) makes you feel angry.
Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire (渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey (调查) by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.
Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.
Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.
Preference (偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin (拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.
1. The writer mainly _________ in this article.
A.tells us how to achieve personal space |
B.explains what personal space people need is |
C.introduces some knowledge about personal space |
D.argues for the importance of keeping personal space |
A.A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume. |
B.A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time. |
C.A person who hears strange noises when reading at home. |
D.A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him. |
A.People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before. |
B.People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times. |
C.There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs. |
D.Food service is better provided than seats on the plane. |
A.The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses. |
B.If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated. |
C.People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space. |
D.Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space. |
【推荐3】Still dressed in their sleepwear, Dian Turner’s kids couldn‘’t wait to get outside. But they didn’t go far — they stopped at the footpath outside their Melbourne home, armed with a box of chalks.
Max, seven, and Lenny, four, have been away from their friends since coronavirus physical-distancing rules came into force and the Victorian school holidays were brought forwards a week. They’re just two of the many children who have been spending their shutdown time drawing rainbows (彩虹) and encouraging messages like “We’re all in this together” across Australia. “It was something for the kids to make them feel connected to other people, because obviously they’re feeling a little bit uncertain about staying at home and what this means, and not being able to go to the playground and the park,” Ms Turner said.
Ms Turner first saw the idea when she was added to a Facebook group called the Rainbow Trail, which documents children and their parents drawing rainbows for others to spot. Ms Turner, a lawyer who has been spending much of her time working from home amid the shutdown measures, said it was “something positive to talk about” with the family. “You’re not breaking any of the social-distancing rules but it’s something that you can do and you can be happy and show that there’s a connection.”
University of Melbourne public health researcher Lisa Gibbs said it was important to provide children with age-appropriate ways to make them feel active and capable during the pandemic. “It’s easy in times of danger, which essentially this is, to be so concerned with protecting children, which obviously is of great importance,” Professor Gibbs said. “But in protecting children we can sometimes treat them as vulnerable (脆弱的), which makes them feel useless. So these sorts of activities are really helpful in providing a sense of agency in children that they can make a contribution to others.”
Professor Gibbs said in times of disaster, two patterns were very common — community mobilization, where people banded together, and community deterioration (恶化), where social supports fell apart. “So what these activities from children are doing is really contributing to social mobilization,” she said. “And people respond really positively to children’s messages, because they spread joy.”
1. What did Max and Lenny do during the shutdown time?A.They held a party. |
B.They drew rainbows in pencil. |
C.They gave their neighbors a lift with art. |
D.They played some sports games on the footpath. |
A.It is beneficial. |
B.It is time-wasting. |
C.It should be further developed. |
D.It may break social-distancing rules. |
A.They are safe. |
B.They are careless. |
C.They are helpless. |
D.They are valuable. |
A.They help to build social connection. |
B.They are hard to understand. |
C.They will cause pollution. |
D.They lack creativity. |
These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations as a result of greater religiosity (笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less central to people’s lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.
“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,” explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates (相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.”
Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a large-scale survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. In addition to answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: “Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning?” and “Is religion an important part of your daily life?”
The data revealed some unexpected trends:
“Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,” says Oishi. “But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely different pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.”
When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries – all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a significantly lower sense of meaning in life.”
The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.
According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:
“Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole (连贯的整体) and a general structure to one’s life … and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship,” the researchers write.
Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.
1. Which of the following questions couldn’t the participants have answered?
A.Does your life have a purpose or meaning? |
B.Do you have relatives living abroad? |
C.Are you satisfied with your everyday life? |
D.Is religion involved in your daily life? |
A.Those who have higher life satisfaction usually have lower sense of meaning in life. |
B.People in wealthier nations were more educated, have fewer children and express less individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries. |
C.Religion may provide meaning to life in that people can get strong support from it in face of hardship. |
D.Wealthy people are more likely to commit suicide than poor people. |
A.The poorer a country is, the more religious its people are. |
B.Economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life. |
C.If you want to find meaning in life, you must practice a religion. |
D.Meaning in life doesn’t have much to do with the amount of wealth one possesses. |
A.greater life satisfaction leads to lower sense of meaning |
B.residents of poorer nations enjoy greater meaning in life |
C.residents of poorer nations are so religious |
D.residents of wealthy nations have greater life satisfaction |
【推荐2】How do you usually spend your spare time? Many people choose to be couch potatoes, but not Luo Han, a 9-year-old from Changsha, Hunan.
Luo Han completes at least two hours of outdoor activities every day and has raised a wave of discussion online. Although he is in primary school, he has already mastered sports like kayaking and paddling. His aptitude for outdoor sports is from his father Luo Ge, who actively encourages him to enjoy nature, rather than focusing only on his learning. After noticing that Luo Han did not go out for enough exercise after school, his father took him to do outdoor activities every day.
Many applauded them. “Exercise can ease brain fog and improve memory. Many students feel stressed about school work, so outdoor activities can help us keep our moods uplifted and improve our learning efficiency.” said Liu Yu, 18, a university freshman. Wang Tao, a parent of a 16-year-old, showed her support for the father. “It’s more than a way to relax. It’s a training of willpower,” she said. Her son He Xin, from Hefei Thomas School, Anhui, is a fan of outdoor sports. Although facing increasing pressure in his studies, he has joined the school’s athletic programs.
However, some have also expressed their concerns. “Two hours isn’t too much for a 9-year-old, but it might be difficult for high school students to guarantee this block of time when school becomes more demanding,” said Huang Xi, 16, from Liyang High School of Jiangsu province.
Ms. Zhu, who has a daughter in middle school, also agreed that two hours is too much for the majority of parents, especially on weekdays. “When I am off duty, I need to do housework. After my daughter finishes her homework, she prefers to watch TV. Neither of us would think of going outside for exercise,” Zhu said.
Other parents are concerned about the safety of outdoor activities. Zhang Zhijin has a son in high school. “Sometimes, teenagers can do crazy and risky things. We worry about accidents,” Zhang said.
1. Which of the following is true?A.Liu Yu thinks outdoor activities can improve our learning. |
B.Outdoor playing is only good to relaxation. |
C.Luo Han ’s father thinks learning is more important than exercising. |
D.Luo Han’s father thinks exercise on campus is enough for him. |
A.annoyed | B.excited | C.anxious | D.frightened |
A.Huang Xi | B.Liu Yu | C.Wang Tao | D.Luo Han |
A.Please go out for exercise | B.Daily outdoor play and working |
C.People’s concerns | D.Parent’s views on after-class work |
【推荐3】Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (处理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personal credentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.
Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (节俭的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.
The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.
1. How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?A.They can warn people of risks. |
B.They can remind people of mistakes. |
C.They can reduce psychological pain. |
D.They can make life convenient. |
A.The risk of cheat. | B.The inconvenience. |
C.The lack of safety. | D.The desire to purchase. |
A.Going Against the Cashless Wave | B.Going Completely Cashless Is True |
C.Stopping Moving towards Cashless | D.We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer |
A.giving examples | B.analyzing causes |
C.making introductions | D.examining differences |