Strengthen Your Immune System
One aspect of the Covid-19 pandemic that has kept us guessing since the early days is why some people who get the virus don’t suffer much and others become desperately ill. What factors give some people a stronger immune system than others, regardless of age?
We know that our immune systems slowly decline as we age. The difference in rate of decline between individuals is one of science’s big mysteries. The immune system is complex, but most of us understand the basics: Our bodies detect an intruder(入侵者)– a virus or bacterium, and produce white blood cells to combat the problem.
No one knows why our bodies don’t produce as many immune cells as we get older. Researchers got some insights, especially regarding T cells, which are white blood cells that attack viruses. We possess two broad categories of T cells: “memory” cells that have encountered a certain pathogen(衣原体)and “remember” how to fight it. The other is “naïve” cells, which have yet to fight anything. As we age, it seems that the number of naïve T cells decreases.
And those are exactly the cells needed to recognize newly emerging microorganisms like the Covid-19 virus. This means that when that virus – something our immune systems haven’t seen before – shows up, most of us don’t have memory T cells to use, so the naïve cells have to take on the fight. Since older folks have fewer naïve cells to fight with, as a group they are more vulnerable.
The reasons why these key cells decline over time could be various and genetics plays a part. But it’s debatable how big a part compared with environment and lifestyle.
Chronic low-grade inflammation (炎症) that develops with advanced age can also affect the immune system. Lifestyle factors—poor sleep, ongoing stress, and weight gain – are common causes, as are systemic issues such as autoimmune diseases and decreased liver or kidney function. This inflammation causes the immune system to operate abnormally, which accelerates the aging process and can cause many other diseases.
While you can’t do anything about your genetic makeup, slowing it down can mean a higher immune reserve when you need it most. Fortunately, many factors that positively affect your immune system are within your control, including regular workouts and eating properly. Regular workouts boost immune function and lower inflammation. Exercises strengthen the body and may be the most important lifestyle intervention (干预) you can add. Eating right and avoiding obesity, whose inflammatory effect is deadly, are common sense.
Besides, research has shown that stress can speed immune senescence (衰老). Self-care in this area is critical, from anti-stress activities to asking for help in unresolved stressful situations.
The pandemic has changed people’s lives and it will lead to a new era in immunity research. If we can do a wider search rather than chase after individual diseases, we will handle all immune challenges better.
1. How does the immune system work?2. Why are the old considered more vulnerable?
3. Paraphrase the underlined sentence “But it’s debatable how big a part compared with environment and lifestyle.”
4. Explain how the Covid-19 pandemic has changed your lifestyle. (about 40 words)
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The doctors note the number of young children with the chronic pain(慢性病) in their necks, arms and shoulders is on the increase sharp in recent years . They are not aging, they haven’t had an accident, the blood reports are fine, their X-rays are fine, and their MRIs are fine. Facts have proved that the pain is from the poor posture(姿势) while they are playing video games on smart phones or other electronic devices. 19-year –old student Nida feels pain in the finger which holds the weight of her smart phone most of the day. Nida almost uses her smart phone 24/7, which means 24 hours a day, seven days a week, or all the time.
Health experts predict there will be not only physical(身体的)but mental(精神的) problems resulting from the overuse of electronic devices. They encourage people to often take breaks and exercise from using computers, smart phones or other devices. Stand up! Stretch(伸展) the legs, back, shoulders and arms in all the possible directions. That’s the most effective way and maybe the key to solving the problem completely. After all, the medication doesn’t help sometimes.
1. What is Mehzabin worried about?
A.Her son has no table manners. |
B.Her son’s physical problems get worse. |
C.Her son doesn’t work hard at school. |
D.Her son spends much money on games. |
A.Using a heavy smart phone will cause it. |
B.Adults don’t have the problem. |
C.It is caused by the wrong body position |
D.Children with it often have other diseases. |
A.best treatment for the chronic pain is exercising |
B.people must take medicine to cure the chronic pain |
C.people should stop using smart phones |
D.the chronic pain has nothing to do with one’s mental health |
A.To Play Games Well, Sit Up Straight |
B.Too Much Gaming Is A Pain In The Neck |
C.How To Avoid The Pain In The Neck |
D.How To Be More Fit By Playing Games |
【推荐2】You’re often served by young people at restaurants. But Forget Me Not Cafe in Shanghai is different.
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments (认知障碍) who take turns working with other waiters to help customers. They often provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders.
“The guests are also very tolerant of us, because sometimes we make mistakes,” said Zhu Caiping, one of the elderly employees at the cafe. Sometimes, they are also invited to take part in welfare activities organized by volunteers, such as baking, dancing and learning English.
“These activities are essential for me. They reactivate my brain,” the 73-year-old said. “What old people like us worry about most is that our brain stagnates (停滞) due to being inactive.”
Because of memory loss, Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes, such as the names of the volunteers and the teacher as well as English words. “But I really became happy and confident because of being here,” she said.
In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.
Zeng Rong, a co-founder of the restaurant, said the cafe has had a great impact on elderly people with cognitive impairment.
A 58-year-old woman from Jiangsu province, whose husband brings her to the restaurant, is an example. “When she came here for the first time, she barely said a word and was indifferent. I told her that she must communicate and gave her homework every time with rewards,” Zhu said. The woman has since come to the restaurant every Friday, and after several months, her condition has improved.
“She started to comment that the food was ‘delicious’ and speak with others. Moreover, she began to hug me every time,” Zhu said.
Inspired by their kindness, many young people like to come and enjoy the warm atmosphere of the shop.
1. What do we know about Forget Me Not Cafe?A.It serves elderly people alone. |
B.It helps heal Alzheimer’s disease. |
C.It often organizes welfare activities. |
D.It hires people with cognitive impairments. |
A.To show a rise in cognitive impairment among people. |
B.To illustrate how the restaurant makes a difference. |
C.To explain the popularity of the cafe among the elderly |
D.To describe how cognitive impairment can affect people. |
A.It is stressful. | B.It is demanding. |
C.It is meaningful. | D.It is exhausting. |
A.A Restaurant in Shanghai |
B.Story of Forget Me Not Cafe. |
C.Great Care for Alzheimer. |
D.Attention Needed for Cognitive Health. |
【推荐3】Green therapy: how gardening is helping to fight depression
A growing movement is promoting the role gardening can play in patient recovery.
Sydenham Garden feels out of step with its surroundings in urban south London. Surrounded by houses on most sides, with a school on its doorstep, it is hard to imagine that this small patch of green space is bringing a new life to people struggling with their mental health. The site, run by the Sydenham Garden charity trust, is just under an acre and has a well-being centre with gardens, a nature reserve and activity rooms. Therapeutic(治疗的)gardening activities are held weekly, and are run by experienced staff, who are in turn supported by a team of volunteers.
Christine Dow, 63, was originally referred to the garden by her GP to help overcome her depression. After a year of "green" therapy, she became a volunteer, for the past decade she has spent a few hours every week supporting others referred to the project.
During 2017-2018, Sydenham Garden received 313 patient referrals(转诊)from health professionals. A typical referral will be between 6 and 12 months. Most people referred will score in the low well-being category-according to the Warwick-Edinburgh scale-when starting, but score in the moderate well-being category upon completion. It is part of a growing movement devoted to increasing the role that gardening and other forms of "green" therapy cam play in patient recovery. It is also one of the 1,500 organizations signed up to Growing Health, a national project set up by the charity Garden Organic and the membership organization Sustain.
"Gardening is not for everyone," says Maria Devereaux, a project officer at Sustain. "But,increasingly now, we've got evidence that even people who aren't gardeners are able to harvest the benefits of being outside working with nature and all the things that come with it." Evidence collected by Growing Health found simply viewing a green space through a window could help people relax and reduce stress levels. Other evidence confirmed that the physical activity of gardening could improve mental wellbeing.
1. What do we know about Sydenham Garden?A.Sydenham Garden Can't keep pace with is surroundings. |
B.Sydenham Garden is beneficial to people with mental health. |
C.Sydenham Garden is very large with a well-being centre. |
D.Sydenham Garden holds therapeutic gardening activities monthly. |
A.She helped others overcome depression. |
B.She was an experienced staff in Sydenham Garden. |
C.She devoted herself to referring others to the projects. |
D.She might be grateful to this "green" therapy. |
A.A typical referral. | B.Green therapy. |
C.Sydenham Garden. | D.Sydenham Garden charity trust. |
A.Optimistic. | B.Critical. |
C.Indifferent. | D.Disapproving. |
【推荐1】Nowadays, poor sleep and anxiety are common among young people, causing too much pain and even severe physical and mental problems.
Wind down
Reading a book can help slow breathing and relax muscles, while yoga stretches or even a gentle walk can reduce anxiety.
Protect the bedroom
Keep the bedroom as a place for sleep. Blackout blinds or an eye mask (眼罩) can help block out light,
Go to bed at regular times
Going to sleep and waking up at regular times — even on weekends — will strengthen your body clock. Regular mealtimes are also an important reminder for your circadian rhythm. Avoid exercise too close to bedtime, as it can cause restlessness and an elevated body temperature.
If your mind is buzzing from the day, try keeping a journal or worry book. The experts also recommend writing to-do lists for the next day in order to organize thoughts and clear the mind.
Get ahead on the next day
Some habits will help you more than others, but when all of them are combined, the real magic happens.
A.Have a sleep schedule |
B.Write down your worries |
C.because you are happy and warm |
D.A warm bath or shower can also help you relax |
E.while keeping electronic devices (设备) out of the bedroom is highly recommended |
F.Your night-time routine is an opportunity to make mornings run a little smoother |
G.Here are five ways to get a better bedtime routine to help take a turn for the better |
【推荐2】Protecting Your Eyes During Computer Use
Sit far enough away from the screen.
Position reference materials properly. If they're too low, your eyes will have to refocus every time you glance at them, leading to eye tiredness. You can also strain (损伤) your neck by moving it to look down too often.
Blink (眨眼) often. We naturally blink about 20 times every minute.
Reduce glare from your screen. Surrounding lights can reflect off your screen and strain your eyes. Keep your computer screen clean. Dust on your screen can further reflect light into your eyes. Dust your screen on a regular basis with either a specialized cleaning cloth or spray.
A.Adjust your screen lighting |
B.During the time you should blink |
C.Avoid sitting with a window behind you |
D.Walk around to prevent the long sitting by a window |
E.But when we are focusing on a screen this can drop by as much as half |
F.This is usually considered at least an arm’s length away from the screen |
G.They should be located above the keyboard and below the computer's monitor |
【推荐3】Sports can help us a lot. Taking exercise can make us strong. In collective (集体的) sports like basketball, volleyball, or football, we will learn the importance of cooperation. And sports can also help us relax after work or study.
However, as the saying goes, “There are two sides of everything.” Sometimes we may hurt other players or ourselves if we are not careful enough when participating (参加) in sports activities. What’s more, too much or hard practice can be bad for our health.
Sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically (心理地). It is also a good way for people to know each other and can improve friendship between people. So long as we are careful enough, sports can do us nothing but good.
1. What can make us strong?A.Taking exercise | B.Singing | C.Sleep in | D.Making friends |
A.good | B.bad | C.helpful | D.enough |
A.help people to know each other |
B.improve friendship between people |
C.do us nothing but good if we’re careful |
D.do all the above |
A.Sports and health | B.Everybody must do sports |
C.Sports are nothing to people | D.No one likes sports |