The ruins of a huge Maya city have been discovered in Guatemala with the help of the remote sensing technique LiDAR, according to the National Geographic on Thursday.
This breakthrough was possible thanks to LiDAR sensors, which can survey landscapes in 3D by reflecting laser pulses off the ground from unmanned air vehicles and others. LiDAR is exceptionally useful for detecting archeological sites (考古遗址), as it gets through jungles and other features that hold up exploration on the ground. The technique has been the activator (催化剂) of many discoveries in recent years. For instance, major finds at Angkor, Cambodia and Caracol, Belize can explain what it did.
This large lost city envelops sites like Tikal, Holmul, and Witzna—known for their temples and pyramids—but shows that these famous heritage areas are the tip of the iceberg of this lost urban network.
Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, more than 60,000 human-made features—homes, canals, highways, some of which can even reach the modernized standard—have been identified by an international cooperation of researchers headed by the PACUNAM Foundation, a Maya cultural and natural heritage organization. Those have experts rethinking the outlines and complexity of the Maya empire.
These ancient peoples obviously established these imaginative cultures based on their known relics, but the new research has shown that the scale of this lost society is far beyond what experts had imagined. The findings will be explored in an hour-long documentary called Lost Treasures of the Maya Snake Kings, premiering (首映) Tuesday, February 6 on the National Geographic Channel.
“There are entire cities we didn’t know about now showing up in the survey data,” said Francisco Belli, one of the lead archeologists on the project. “There are 20,000 square kilometres more to be explored and there are going to be hundreds of cities there that we don’t know about, and we will push the frontiers,” he added.
1. What can we know about LiDAR?A.It’s a breakthrough in archeology. | B.It’s major equipment in air forces. |
C.It was first used in discovering a Maya city. | D.It’s a remote sensing technique using laser pulses. |
A.The jungles of the Reserve. | B.The outlines of the Maya empire. |
C.The researchers of the organization. | D.The man-made projects of the Reserve. |
A.Famous and dangerous. | B.Vast and highly developed. |
C.Mountainous and aggressive. | D.Enormous and traditional. |
A.Restudy the history of Maya. | B.Use the LiDAR sensors as usual. |
C.Continue to explore the unknown. | D.Study the documentary more carefully. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】You are just waking up in the spring of 2030. Your Internet of Things bedroom opens solar powered e-windows and plays gentle music while your smart lighting displays a montage (剪辑) of beachfront sunrises from your recent vacation.
Your shower uses very little water or soap. It recycles your grey water and puts the extra heat back into your home’s operating system. While you dress, your artificial intelligence (AI) assistant shares your schedule for the day and plays your favorite tunes.
You still start your day with a coffee but it comes from your refrigerator which is capable of providing a coffeehouse experience in your home. A hot breakfast tailored to your specific nutritional needs based on chemical analysis from your trips to the “smart toilet” is waiting for you in the kitchen.
When it’s time to leave, an on-demand transport system has three cars waiting for you, your wife (or husband) and your kids. On the road, driverless cars and trucks move with mathematical accuracy, without traffic jams, routine maintenance or road rage (路怒). Accident rates are near zero.
On the way, you call your R&D team, who are enveloping a day’s work in Shanghai. Your life-sized image is projected (投射) into the China Innovation Centre and your colleagues see you as if you were sitting in the room. It’s a bit surreal for them to see you in the morning light given that it’s dark on the Bund, Shanghai’s waterfront, though the novelty disappears after a few uses.
You review the day’s cloud-based data from your Shenzhen manufacturing centre, your pilot project in San Diego and your QA team in Melbourne. The large amounts of data sets were collected in real-time from every piece of equipment and have been beautifully summarised by your company’s AI. All these facilities are closely maintained and operated through an advanced predictive analytics (分析学) platform.
Pleased with the team’s progress, you end the call and ease into a good book.
This is the future and it will be here sooner than you think.
1. How can we describe the life in the future?A.Artificial. | B.Accurate. | C.Intelligent. | D.Individual. |
A.There will be no accident on the street. |
B.We can have a bath without using water. |
C.We can deal with all our work without others’ help. |
D.We can enjoy the coffeehouse experience without going there. |
A.In logical order. | B.In time order. |
C.By comparing. | D.By offering examples. |
A.To introduce the life in the future. | B.To attract us to use the AI system. |
C.To teach us how to use the AI system. | D.To encourage us to study hard for the future. |
【推荐2】Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the world’s first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists. There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmen’s jackets rode over the bridge on their bikes at the opening ceremony in the southeastern town of Gemert.
“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique,” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took about three months after starting in June and it is made of pre-stressed concrete, according to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould (泥浆) is filled,” it said on its website, adding “a printer deposits the concrete only where it is needed.”
The eight-metre (26-foot) bridge crosses a water-filled channel to connect two roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation with the BAM Infra Construction Company. “Although designed for bikes, it could take up to 40 trucks,”the designers said. “We are looking to the future,” said the head of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste,” he added.
The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a lead in this cutting-edge technology, using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower. Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (提示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch start-up called MX3D has begun printing a stainless-steel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.
1. According to the text, what makes the bridge unique?A.It adopts 3D printing. |
B.It opens only to cyclists. |
C.It is made of new material. |
D.It uses much less concrete. |
A.In theory, it can support up to 40 bicycles. |
B.The kind of bridge is energy-saving. |
C.The kind of bridge is safer than traditional ones. |
D.The technology has been used widely. |
A.The project of an “endless loop” building has begun. |
B.A stainless-steel bridge has been half constructed. |
C.China is a country with advanced 3D printing. |
D.3D printing technology needs no manpower. |
A.News report. | B.Engineering paper. |
C.History textbook. | D.Advertisement. |
【推荐3】Over the past decade or so, camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives. We use our phone camera to store memories and important information, and cameras help keep people safe while driving. Parallel parking is so much easier now that cars come with rearview cameras.
However, up until now, cameras have also been limited. Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013, but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision, and can be clumsy (笨拙的). They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras. This can lead to distortions (失真). In addition, using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light refracts differently underwater.
According to Fast Company, the researchers turned to nature for inspiration. They began by studying the fiddler crab and its compound eye. Unlike humans, fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time, giving them a full 360 degree field of vision. In addition, fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
Dr Fredo Durand, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, told Laser Focus World: “Amphibian creatures are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different optical characteristics. It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
The result is a little black round ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways. The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles. They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities. It passed with flying colors.
Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use, the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
1. Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras?A.They can only be used underwater. |
B.They occupy too much space. |
C.They consist of only two cameras. |
D.They cover a limited field of vision. |
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab. |
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye. |
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures. |
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision. |
A.Designed. | B.Repaired. | C.Drowned. | D.Abandoned. |
A.Positive. | B.Doubtful. | C.Unclear. | D.Carefree. |
【推荐1】Curious about the gardens? Here is a list of the most beautiful gardens in the world that you should not miss going to.
Butchart (Canada)
The Butchart Gardens is a group of superb botanical gardens built by Jennie Butchart and her husband on a wasted mine site. In 1909, Jennie started building a Sunken Garden, which was completed in 1921 and soon started attracting visitors. More gardens were built by the couple at their home. Several statues of animals and birds are also housed in the garden. Fireworks and musical entertainments are regularly held the garden during summer season and the winter holiday period.
Chateau Versailles (France)
Located to the west of the Chateau of Versailles in Versailles, the gardens occupy an area of 800 hectares, with well-managed lawns, fountains and other feature and impressive statues. The entire design of the garden is based on the classic French Garden style. The palace and its gardens were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.
Kew Royal Botanic Garden (United Kingdom)
The Kew Royal Botanic Garden is a massive collection of living plant specimens (样本) from around the world. Originally started as a collection of plants by Lord Capel John, the modern day Kew Gardens occupy an area of 121 hectares. Currently, the Kew Gardens hosts nearly 30,000 types of plants, 7 million preserved plant species and an extensive collection of scientific literature based on plants in its impressive.
Villa d'Este (Italy)
Being a masterpiece of Renaissance culture, the gardens of the Villa d Este have been recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The gardens have a diverse collection of flowers. The water features include fountains, waterfalls and pools. After being built in the 16 century and owned privately for several centuries, the Villa d Este and its gardens were finally acquired by the Italian state post World War I, and since then has become a popular tourist destination in the country.
1. What do we know about the Butchart Gardens?A.It has a history of more than 200 years. | B.It was built by Jennie Butchart alone. |
C.It holds fireworks and musical entertainments. | D.It has no statues of animals and birds. |
A.Butchart. | B.Chateau Versailles. | C.Kew Royal Botanic Garden. | D.Villa d'Este. |
A.They are both located in Italy. | B.They are on the World Heritage Site list. |
C.They are owned privately at present. | D.They have fountains and waterfalls as well. |
【推荐2】Cities at Sea
People are building a new kind of city. This type of city will not be on land.
The first floating city will be in French Polynesia. That’s an island in the South Pacific Ocean.
This floating city will be near the country’s shore. Its people will live by the laws of French Polynesia. Other floating cities might be built in the open ocean.
French Polynesia’s floating city will be good for the environment.
Floating cities will be safe from flooding.
The first floating city will start out the size of a soccer field. It will grow to contain homes, parks, schools, shops, and restaurants. Would you like to live in a floating city?
A.Construction begins soon. |
B.The whole place is at sea level. |
C.These cities could create their own laws. |
D.It will float in the ocean. |
E.Built on platforms, they will rise with the sea level. |
F.This is beneficial to the balance of the ecosystem of the sea. |
G.It will be powered by energy from the sun. |
【推荐3】You might have heard a lot about ancient towns and ancient cities in China. Here, we list several of the most beautiful ancient villages in China.
Baoshan Stone City, Yunnan Province
Baoshao Stone City was built on a huge mushroom-shaped rock, and only has about one hundred houses. The houses are laid out in an orderly way, built on the rock, and linked by stone steps. The Naxi people there still lead an original life and grow crops in terraces; you can experience the colorful culture of the Naxi ethnic group there.
Tuvas Village in Kanas, Xinjiang
Kanas Tuvas Village is near the mysterious Lake Kanas. The small village is located in a valley, and only has about 80 houses. These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences. Tuvas is an ancient minority group. They traditionally lived as hunter-gathers. You can visit a local family, go herding with the locals and experience the peaceful ancient village life.
Jiajiu Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province
Jiaju Tibetan Village is known as the “Tibetan fairyland”. It stands on a mountain slope, and consists of about 140 houses. These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red caves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest.
Xijiang Miao Village, Guizhou Province
If you’re interested in the Miao Minority, Xijiang Miao Village can be a great destination for deepening your understanding of Miao history and culture. It’s the largest Miao village in China, and now has 1432 households with a population of over 5000, of which 99.5% are Miao ethnic group. It’s also famous for the houses built on stilts of different heights.
1. What can you do in Kanas Tuvas Village?A.Hike in terraces. | B.Go hunting with the locals. |
C.See houses of a foreign style. | D.Learn about houses built on stilts. |
A.In Baoshan Stone City | B.In Jiaju Tibetan Village |
C.In Kanas Tuvas Village | D.In Xijiang Miao Village |
A.They were secret to the outside world in the past. |
B.They were originally built to defend their homeland. |
C.They are the ethnic villages with unique architecture. |
D.They are still cut off and difficult to access nowadays. |
【推荐1】How has global warming changed your life? Perhaps you experience hotter summers. But for reindeer herders (驯鹿游牧民), the influence goes far beyond that.
Living in the Arctic region spreading from Russia to Sweden, local reindeer herders make a living by herding. For generations, they have been living in harmony with the cold winters with their deep understanding of snow and ice types, weather patterns and animal behaviors. This allows them to predict and prepare for winters.
However, the warming Arctic is messing up these traditional signals, making herders’ traditional ways of predicting weather less useful. In 2014, during the winter migration (迁徙) southward with their reindeer in North Russia, something unexpected happened. Heavy rainfall formed an ice shield above the lichen (地衣), normally covered by soft snow. Unable to access the lichen beneath the ice, the reindeer suffered from hunger, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands of them.
The warming climate goes beyond threatening reindeer herders’ livelihood; it also threatens their culture. “We are an Arctic people, and our culture is written in snow. But climate change means the snow will get less and less,” Henrik Blind, a member of Sami herding family in Sweden, told The Guardian. In his language, there are over 300 words to describe snow. But with less snow, the Sami culture faces the risk of losing elements of its cultural identity.
Despite these challenges, herders have been cooperating with scientists to better deal with climate change. For example, for scientists, the difference between various types of snow is hard to tell. But local people who live with snow every day can see what scientists fail to see. At the same time, satellite data from modern scientists could help predict disasters for the local people. To combine these two different knowledge systems together, the US National Science Foundation set up the Center for Braiding Indigenous Knowledge and Science this September. The goal is to recognize the value of indigenous (土著) knowledge alongside modern research methods.
“We must realize we can’t over-consume our planet. This is urgent. We need to listen to all the indigenous people who know how to live in harmony with the planet,” Blind told The Guardian.
1. What led to the deaths of many reindeer during their winter migration southward in 2014?A.A disease outbreak after heavy rainfall. |
B.Food shortage due to ice-covered lichen. |
C.Attacks by other wildlife. |
D.Unexpectedly strong snowstorms. |
A.By reducing language diversity | B.By threatening their cultural elements. |
C.By changing traditional eating habits. | D.By challenging ice type descriptions. |
A.To spread indigenous customs. | B.To test modern research methods. |
C.To predict global natural disasters. | D.To bridge their knowledge gap. |
A.Supportive. | B.Opposed. | C.Worried. | D.Uninterested. |
【推荐2】Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence. | B.Developing spatial skills. |
C.Learning self-control. | D.Gaining high-tech knowledge. |
A.Parents’ age. | B.Children’s imagination. |
C.Parents’ education. | D.Child-parent relationship. |
A.They play with puzzles more often. | B.They tend to talk less during the game. |
C.They prefer to use more spatial language. | D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. |
【推荐3】Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green is a color that represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils.
People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Each color has its own function (功能). Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.
Blue is a calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some people suggest that eating from blue plates can help. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
1. How is paragraph 2 mainly developed?A.By listing numbers. | B.By following time order. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By discussing problems. |
A.To make people eat more. | B.To draw people’s attention. |
C.To make people calm down. | D.To bring good luck to people. |
A.Red. | B.Blue. | C.Green. | D.Brown. |
A.People’s Choice of Colors | B.The Cultural values of Colors |
C.Colors and Personal Experiences | D.The Meaning and Function of Color |