One of the first things that Harvard University professor Daniel E.Lieberman points out in his new book Exercised is the double meaning of the word. Not only does it mean voluntary physical activity,but as an adjective,exercised suggests being worried, anxious or tired.And there lies the problem with exercise. Most of us just don't like doing it.
Lieberman pursues a double course in"Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do ls Healthy and Rewarding'". The professor presents an in-depth look at how humans evolved from hunter-gatherers who didn't have to think twice about getting enough exercise, to those of us who have to push ourselves away from our couches and devices. The parts of the book devoted to biology and evolution can be a bit hard to understand, although Lieberman often introduces them nicely with anecdotes.
Throughout his book, Lieberman discusses the origins of exercise, a modern pursuit.In the 1700s, Samuel Johnson didn't consider the words"play"and"exercise"worthy to be included in his dictionary. Although children have always played and sports have been a "human universal,exercise outside the context of sports was extremely rare until relatively recently, Lieberman writes. He also considers various contemporary forms of exercise and their benefits: running (which he does), walking, dancing, weight training, games and even cage fighting. He drops in on a Swedish company in Stockholm whose CEO requires a weekly "sports hour"to be participated in by all employees.
However, Lieberman's primary viewpoint- that exercise is indeed good for you-comes with an important warning.It must be enjoyable.The paradox(矛盾的情况),he writes,"is that our bodies never evolved to function optimally(最佳地)without lifelong physical activity but our minds never evolved to get us moving unless it is necessary, pleasurable or rewarding.
Exercise,he writes should be social."None of us is an island when it comes to health. Our well-being is interconnected. Some is better than none.Keep it up as you age."
1. What can be learned about the book"Exercised"?A.It distinguishes between*play"and" exercise" |
B.It is aimed specifically at couch potatoes. |
C.It is a brief account of human evolution. |
D.It explains difficult concepts with stories. |
A.He was picky about sports. | B.He thought little of exercise. |
C.He invented the word "exercise." | D.He advocated a weekly sports hour. |
A.The importance of making exercise fun. |
B.The difficulty of making exercise social. |
C.The necessity of exercise for the elderly. |
D.The physical and mental benefits of exercise. |
A.An autobiography. | B.A health report. |
C.A research paper. | D.A book review. |
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【推荐1】Learning a foreign language can broaden career opportunities in the USA. Here’s the reason why learning some of the popular foreign languages can help you.
Chinese
Chinese is considered as an important language to enhance business prospects across the globe. It has the largest number of speakers. More than 1. 4 billion people speak Chinese. Chinese companies have invested in various industries in other countries. There are great opportunities for employment in Chinese companies if you can master Chinese.
Spanish
Spanish is spoken by about 580 million speakers across the world. It has the second largest number of speakers. Furthermore, many Spanish companies are rapidly increasing their presence in various industries like travel and tourism, translation, teaching, and international business.
Portuguese
Spoken by about 230 million people, Portuguese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the world. It is the official language of eight countries. There’s a great demand for Portu-guese language experts in various industries.
German
German is the third most popular foreign language taught worldwide and the second most popular in Europe and Japan, after English. German has between 89 and 110 million native speakers. German companies account for 700,000 jobs in the USA, so learning German can give people great job offers.
1. Why does the author advise people to learn Chinese?A.They can further study global business. |
B.They can have an opportunity to go to China. |
C.They can get more job offers in various countries. |
D.They can find a chance to travel to other countries. |
A.Chinese. | B.Spanish. |
C.Portuguese. | D.German. |
A.Japanese dislike learning it. |
B.It is the most popular language in Europe. |
C.It is spoken by less than 89 million people. |
D.Mastering it helps people get more job opportunities. |
【推荐2】To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades, and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts, school is very different.
Firstly, there are no lessons. All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want. There are no teachers — only “staff members”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old, ‘Go to explore your environment.’ You can’t stop them!” says Daniel Greenberg, a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day, they will lose all taste for learning.”
At Sudbury Valley School, you will permit children to talk, read, paint, cook, work on computers, study French, play the piano, climb trees or just run around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules. Every week, there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each — even the four-year olds. They decide the school rules, how to spend the school budget, and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968, people said it would never work. But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
1. What’s special about the school?A.There are no classes for the students. |
B.There is nobody but students there. |
C.All the students are of the same age. |
D.There are no rules in the school. |
A.Teachers cannot teach children well. |
B.Children learn best when they do what they want to do. |
C.Learning is for adults — children should only play. |
D.Children should only learn about one thing at a time. |
A.They love learning. | B.They are very naughty. |
C.They want to be outside all the time. | D.They are too young to learn anything. |
A.The older children have more power than the younger children. |
B.A child has more power than an adult. |
C.The younger children have more power than the older children. |
D.Everybody has equal power. |
【推荐3】A Harvard research team’s first model of a portable exosuit (机械护甲) is made of cloth components worn on the waist and upper legs. A computer that’s built into the shorts can sense when the user shifts between walking and running.
Say the word "exosuit" and super heroes come to mind — somebody like Tony Stark from Marvel Comics, whose fancy suit enables him to become Iron Man. But scientists at Harvard University have been developing an actual exosuit, a wearable machine that can improve an average man’s strength and toughness. This model improves a wearer’s performance while he is walking or running.
The lead researcher Conor Walsh says when you put on his team’s suit, you definitely notice that it’s pulling across your joints, so you feel the drive from the suit. But after a while, you don’t really notice it anymore. The suit helps to extend the hip joint, saving the user’s energy. Though you might not notice it, when you shut the suit off after a few minutes of having it turned on, Walsh says, “You really quickly notice that your legs feel a little bit heavier.”
Walsh says, “This suit could be helpful for a soldier carrying heavy weights over long distances.” Research on the suit was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is part of the United States Department of Defense and develops military technology. “ Other future models might help people with medical problems like Parkinson’s disease to move more easily,” he says. “My lab cooperates with a company on a suit to help stroke survivors that is now commercially available.”
Karl Zelik, an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University, calls the team’s effort “promising work”. Zelik says it will enhance human abilities during various aspects of daily life. However, he notes that the exosuit field is changing fast. In the future, he says, the best assist devices may not be exosuits at all, but rather technology put inside a person’s body. He predicts that future wearables will also be able to figure out the wearer’s movement intention, and influence it when necessary to improve human performance.
1. What may the exosuit do?A.Cover a person’s whole body. | B.Analyze a man’s health when he runs. |
C.Make a person move faster and longer. | D.Enable a person to become a superhero. |
A.Their legs may feel a little heavier. | B.Their body may not feel anything strange. |
C.Their joints will feel pulled by some strength. | D.Their body may feel the driving force from it. |
A.He works for American military force. | B.The suit can protect soldiers in the distance. |
C.People with Parkinson’s disease will be cured. | D.A certain model of a suit can be bought now. |
A.Objective. | B.Optimistic. | C.Indifferent. | D.Hopeless. |
【推荐1】Around 2 million deaths each year are linked to physical inactivity. And a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is one of the leading causes of death in the world.
A new study published in the journal of the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that regular short exercise “snacks” throughout the working day might be enough to mitigate the effects of a sedentary lifestyle.
For the study. 11 participants (参与者) sat for 8-hour sessions. During the sessions, they followed one of four exercise “snacks” — 1 minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting, 1 minute after 60 minutes, 5minutes every 30 minutes, and 5minutes every 60 minutes — or a “snack” with no walking.
The researchers found that participants’ blood sugar and blood pressure levels were reduced after 5minutes of walking for every 30 minutes of sitting.
Lead study author Dr Keith Diaz, associate professor of behavioral medicine, said the most exciting part of the new research is that they’ve answered how to prevent the harmful health effects of sedentary sitting.
The researchers also found that all exercise “snacks” resulted in a reduction in participants’ tiredness, and an improvement in mood when compared to no walking at all.
“Beyond improving your physical health,” Dr Diaz said, “having regular walks to break up your sitting will put you in a better mood and help you feel more energetic.”
Dr Diaz added that the next steps for the research include finding more ways to reduce the harmful effects of sitting.
“We hope to find the least amount of movement you have to do to prevent the health harm of sitting.” Dr Diaz said. “The reality is that many adults will find it hard to walk every half hour. So finding a more practical recommendation is still needed.”
1. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Measure | B.Reduce | C.Decide | D.Manage |
A.It got published in a journal. |
B.It used a new research method. |
C.It proved the harmful effects of sitting too long. |
D.It found a way to prevent the harm of too much sitting. |
A.People’s tiredness | B.People’s weight |
C.People’s blood pressure | D.People’s blood sugar |
A.The finding is likely to be wrong. | B.The solution may have side effects. |
C.The solution is not suitable for all. | D.The study hasn’t got much attention. |
【推荐2】It can be hard to include exercise in our busy lives.
I exercise once a week, and that's enough.
The good news is(bat recent guidelines have removed the need for physical activity to be at least 30 minutes at a time. There is no minimum time(最少少时间)to exercise, so carry out active daily chores, such as carrying heavy shopping bags and doing garden work, to improve your health. Try to do exercise “snacks”, such as climbing a few flights of stairs at a high enough intensity to make you a bit out of breath.
I'm too old to exercise.
This is not true. Evidence shows that aging alone is not a cause of major problems until you are in your mid-90s.
I'm not feeling well, so 1 shouldn't exercise.
If you have a fever, are really unwell or are experiencing high levels of pain or exhaustion, don't exercise.
A.I am fit, so I don't need to exercise. |
B.In most other cases, being physically active is safe. |
C.There are a lot of reasons why people don’t exercise. |
D.Physical activity decreases the risk of excessive weight gain. |
E.I need to spend at least 30 minutes exercising at a time. |
F.The health benefits of exercise won't last if you only exercise once a week. |
G.Strength, power and muscle mass can be increased, even at this advanced age. |
【推荐3】Every year, countless individuals are impacted by cancer. Our goal is to walk away from cancer as we give strength to those fighting this life-threatening disease. Walk Cancer Away invites everyone to participate in their annual family-friendly walking event and join together to share the strong willpower found inside each of us with those around us. With each step we take, with each story shared, and with each donation made we are one step closer to finding a cure. To date, we have raised over $700,000 for Dr. Nancy Kemeny’s Colorectal Research Fund at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), together with thousands of people supporting this cause over the last 12 years we are committed to.
Walk Cancer Away began as a walk in honour of James N Rentas. Deeply influenced by his loss due to colorectal cancer, the Rentas family came together 12 years ago to help others who are suffering the disease. Dr. Nancy Kemeny at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who was the doctor treating James N Rentas, mirrors that same goal. Her efforts and that of her team at MSKCC are focused on researching to overcome the disease and find a cure.
Together they have made great advancements over the years and have provided years of life for those facing the disease. With the deepest gratitude we are thankful to all those who support and participate in the event each year, because without you this would not be possible.
Although Walk Cancer Away started just 12 years ago, we are forever honoured to be able to join in this event that so many of us find so close to our hearts. We ask you, your family, and your friends to join in this year’s Walk Cancer Away event.
1. What does Walk Cancer Away intend to do?A.To contact those suffering from cancer. |
B.To give strength to cancer patients’ family. |
C.To help find a way to defeat cancer. |
D.To share experiences of cancer victims. |
A.lost his family | B.died of cancer |
C.did research on cancer | D.founded Walk Cancer Away |
A.To call on people to join in the activity. | B.To raise money for cancer research. |
C.To express thanks to all the participants. | D.To introduce the history of walking event. |