【推荐2】No matter how old your kids are, you can take steps to improve a healthy diet and to encourage good eating habits.

Family Meals

    1    Children like to guess what they are going to have and parents get the chance to introduce new foods to children. Parents can also use the mealtime as a chance to talk with their kids about their life.

Healthy Snacks

Kids, especially younger ones, will eat mostly what can get at home.     2     Parents can prepare some healthy snacks at home, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, yogurt and whole-grain biscuits.

    3    

The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself. Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day. By eating fruits and vegetables and avoiding fast food and sweet drinks, you are sending the right message.

No Shouts about Food

Parents might find themselves shouting at children to get them to have healthy foods in front of them.     4    You need to work a bit on different cooking methods.

Get Kids Included

    5    Talk to them about making choices and planning a healthy meal. It can help them to make good decisions on their own about the foods they want to eat.

A．That’s why it’s important to have enough healthy snacks.

B．Family meals are nice for both parents and kids.

C．This in fact can make children dislike what they are asked to eat.

D．Buy more healthy food

E．Being a Good Example

F．Parents must teach kids how to cook healthy food.

G．Most kids will enjoy making the decision about food.

【推荐3】I like being 100% stimulant free—no coffee, caffeinated tea, chocolate, caffeinated soda, etc. I base this on lots of personal experimentation. I’ve gone some years of my life with no stimulants, and I’ve also gone for a long time consuming coffee daily. The two modes of living are totally different.

Caffeine tends to make me obsess more over minor tasks and lose focus on big picture goals. When I consume coffee daily, Ill check email more often. I’ll spend more time on social media. I’ll web surf more. I’ll spend more time organizing and reorganizing instead of moving the needle forward on big projects. I’ll feel extra busy but have less to show for it.

Stimulants always exhaust me eventually, especially after months of daily use. I can’t seem to make good progress on bigger projects, and I can tell that my mind is becoming too chaotic. I might spend 8 hours at my desk and get 90 minutes of important work done. I know I am at the point when I need to take at least several weeks off.

I love the taste of coffee, and its delightful to drink a cup of it, but I’ve learned that I can’t really have any relationship with it if I want to function at my best. It’s way too addictive (上瘾的) for me. If I have even a small amount, I risk slipping into the pattern of having it daily for months.

I’ve learned that its best to avoid chocolate too (including cacao) because chocolate is a gateway drug back to coffee. Same goes for green tea. So while I have enjoyed those in the past, I feel safer not having them. I like how my brain works better when not under the influence of stimulants.

1. The writer may     when consuming caffeine daily.

A．work less efficiently	B．ignore minor tasks
C．become energetic	D．concentrate on big projects

2. What can we learn from the text?

A．The writer finds it relaxing to have a cup of coffee every day.

B．The writer has just started avoiding taking any stimulant recently.

C．The writer seldom drinks coffee because he doesn’t like the taste.

D．The writer thinks a small amount of coffee may cause his addiction to it.

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．What the writer did to be 100% stimulant-free.

B．Why the writer said no to stimulants completely.

C．How stimulants helped improve work efficiency.

D．How the writer became addicted to stimulants.

【推荐2】Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.

Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball?” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again.

The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.

There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.

1. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance.

A．blamed external factors	B．admitted their mistakes
C．conducted investigations	D．punished the under performers

2. According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture?

A．It encourages the early disclosure of errors.

B．It only exists in high reliability organizations.

C．It enables people to shift the blame onto others.

D．It prevents organizations from making any error.

3. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage?

A．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.

B．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.

C．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.

D．People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes

B．How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations

C．Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work

D．How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture

【推荐3】In the summer of 2016, I gave a talk st a small conference in northern Virginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other people should consider removing social media from their lives.The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube.Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social- media talk had found such a large audience on social media.

I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social media platform. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so- called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, I met a partner at a large law firm in Washington,D.C, who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because the misses her kids when she travels, looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.

In recent years, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption (端对端加密) later that month he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.

All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the Indie Web has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social media platform, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to build social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane (人道的).

1. Why did the actor feel annoyed when his video was spread online?

A．His video caused many arguments.

B．His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.

C．His talk was opposed by a large number of people.

D．His video was shared without his permission.

2. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2 ?

A．To prove that social media has some benefits.

B．To advise people to break away from social media.

C．To tell the negative effects social media may produce.

D．To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.

3. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?

A．To improve network environment	B．To set network standard.
C．To make more profits.	D．To provide more convenient services.

4. What does the Indie Web intend to do?

A．Improve the existing social-media principles.

B．Remove social media from people’s lives.

C．Develop new social-media platforms.

D．Help social media companies to make reformation.

5. How does the author illustrate people’s love-hate relationships with social media?

A．By doing research.	B．By giving definitions.
C．By presenting examples.	D．By analyzing cause and effect.

【推荐1】On paper, hydrogen（H2）looks like a dream fuel. Coal, oil, and natural gas produce carbon dioxide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrogen produces pure water. Hydrogen packs more energy into less space than a battery（but certainly less than petrol）. Also, empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled with hydrogen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.

While in practice, things are trickier. Storing a meaningful amount of hydrogen gas requires pressing it several hundred-fold. Changing it into the liquid form is another option, but it should be cooled to-253C. Both processes require a heavy and strong tank. While a 700 bar tank is acceptable for a city bus or a truck, adapting it for use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling would be too great.

The solution? Powerpaste.

A German team of researchers, led by Marcus Vogt, have come up with an interesting "powerpaste", which can store hydrogen energy at atmospheric pressure, ready for release when needed. It is so named because it comes in tubes and looks like toothpaste（牙膏）, not in its traditional form of gas.

The main ingredient（原料）of the paste is magnesium hydride, a substance that reacts with water to form hydrogen. The escaped hydrogen can then be directed into a fuel cell, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electric power.

Refueling is very simple, as instead of going to a filling station, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new one and refill the water tank.

Given that powerpaste only begins to break down at temperatures of around 250℃ it remains safe even when a vehicle stands in the baking sun for hours.

However, we will have to be patient. Just because researchers have succeeded in developing a new fueling way does not mean that we can expect to see such vehicles on the road anytime soon. It will indeed be several years before this concept is turned into reality.

1. As a fuel, what is the advantage of hydrogen over oil?

A．Refilling empty tanks will be more convenient.

B．It is less likely to worsen global warming

C．More energy can be packed in the same space.

D．It will produce pure water for people to drink.

2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The practical difficulties to use hydrogen as fuel in small vehicles.

B．The detailed processes of adapting a strong tank in small vehicles.

C．The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small ones.

D．The tricks of building strong tanks in small vehicles.

3. The author mentions the refueling process to show that powerpaste is______________.

A．inexpensive

B．powerful

C．convenient

D．environment-friendly

4. Why does the author call on the readers to be patient?

A．Powerpaste-driven vehicles sometimes move very slowly on the road.

B．Practical use of powerpaste-driven vehicles will not come very soon.

C．Powerpaste-driven vehicles can only work after being in the sun for hours

D．It will be years before the researchers work out the concept of powerpaste.