Staying active and fit could help to reduce some of the bad health effects usually from bad sleep, according to a large study of 380, 055 middle-aged people who took part in the UK Biobank research project.
We all know that a healthy life means getting both plenty of exercise and enough good-quality sleep, but reality often gets in the way. The new research shows that doing enough exercise could make up for some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep.
While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new, it’s the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study－it could even give doctors another way to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
“We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease and cancer,” says the expert, Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia. “The finding suggests an interplay(相互影响) between the two behaviors.”
The weekly amount of exercise recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 150 minutes of moderately intensive(密集的) activity, or more than 75 minutes of extremely intensive physical activity. Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn’t meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise. That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines.
The research has been published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To give examples. |
| B．To lead to the topic |
| C．To attract readers’ attention. |
| D．To compare two things. |
| A．factors | B．effects | C．quality | D．reality |
| A．150 minutes daily | B．More than 75 minutes weekly |
| C．150 minutes weekly | D．More than 75 minutes daily |
| A．A medical journal | B．An entertainment magazine |
| C．A sports textbook | D．A travel brochure |
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People rarely feel their cleanest after a workout, but your own sweat might be the least of your issues. Your gym equipment could also be full of bacteria. Fitness equipment review site FitRated.com got bacteria samples from 27 pieces of equipment from three large gym chains. The results will make you want to take a long shower.
Free weights have an average of more than 1.1 million colony-forming units（菌落形成单位） per square inch, according to FitRated.com. In comparison, the National Sanitation Foundation says you’d find 172 CFU per square inch on a home toilet seat. But treadmills（跑步机） and stationary bikes were even worse offenders, with about 7,752 times more bacteria than a home toilet seat. That’s even more than these objects with more bacteria than a toilet.
Touching a surface with bacteria won’t necessarily make you sick. Some bacteria aren’t harmful, and others won’t do any harm in small amounts. But the fact that 70 percent of bacteria from the tested equipment FitRated.com tested were potentially harmful isn’t very comforting. If you tend to skip wiping down your workout machine, take that extra 30 seconds before and after you use the equipment. Even if you’re not a germaphobe（有洁癖的人）, you’ll be doing the rest of us a favor.
And since you can’t control what everyone else does, avoid getting sick by waiting to wipe your sweaty brow until you’ve washed your hands. “Your best defense is to be aware of washing your hands post workout and before eating or touching your face,” Kelly Reynolds, microbiologist and associate professor at the Zuckerman College of Public Health in Arizona, tells HuffPost. Oh, and don’t you dare rewear your sweaty clothes without doing laundry?
1. What does the underlined sentence imply?| A．People need to take a bath after a workout. |
| B．The gym equipment people use could not be so clean as imagined. |
| C．The sweat might be the leading cause of taking a shower. |
| D．It isn’t a good idea to use fitness equipment to exercise. |
| A．Making comparision |
| B．Listing examples |
| C．Giving definitions |
| D．Referring to the research findings |
| A．To discuss the unknown causes of illness |
| B．To provide the ways of keeping fit |
| C．To inform the necessity of cleaning the fitness equipment |
| D．To show the importance of doing exercise |
【推荐2】To keep social distancing and work at home during the pandemic (流行病) has led to less time moving around, and more time sitting and looking at screens. For many office workers, working at home means spending hours sitting at our desk.
Start small
People trying to start exercising often get caught up in an “all or nothing” thinking which means either I do zero or I do two hours. And if I don’t get two hours, then it doesn’t count, or it’s not good enough.
Part of developing a good exercise habit is to know yourself well. Knowing what’s possible and what’s not realistic for you. For instance, if you’re not a morning person, don’t plan to exercise in the morning. And if you hate running, don’t run just because someone tells you it’s good for you.
Walk whenever you can
Sitting less and walking more will make a big difference. Use your stairs instead of an elevator. And if you don’t have to go out, just walk room to room back and forth to get those extra steps. If you have a meeting, use the break of that meeting to walk around.
| A．Make sure to know yourself well |
| B．Choose a suitable time for yourself |
| C．All these steps will count and be helpful |
| D．That’s a great place for everybody to walk |
| E．But five minutes is believed to be better than none |
| F．And it is ruining our health physically and mentally |
| G．You can think of possible ways for you to start or stick to |
【推荐3】To complete a study, a team of scientists left Boston and went to the middle of Kenya. They wanted to find out more about barefoot running.
Sure, people can run barefoot anywhere. But the Rift Valley Province in Kenya has produced some of the most famous long-distance runners in history, and many of these athletes grew up not wearing shoes. With a video camera in hand, scientist Daniel Lieberman and his colleagues visited some of these runners to figure out what a difference shoes make.
It was a big difference, and not necessarily for the better. In particular, when a bare foot hits the ground, the blow is softer and the running motion is smoother. This research suggests that running barefoot may have advantages over running with shoes on, though more studies are needed to determine whether or not barefoot running reduces the chances of injuries.
Previous studies have shown that when a person runs barefoot, he lands on the front or middle of the foot. Then the heel goes down. During this process, the weight of the body is at first on the front of the foot, then moves to the heel. When a person wears shoes, however, he tends to run so that his heel hits the ground first. The impact of the heel hitting the ground may be much more forceful than the impact of the front of the foot hitting the ground.
In the 1970s, shoe companies began selling running shoes that had cushioned soles (加垫子的鞋底). Those soles spread the body weight through the foot and may have influenced the way people ran. Once runners started wearing these shoes, they could land on their heels and still be comfortable.
The researchers also studied barefoot runners in their lab in Boston. The goal was to measure the force with which a runner’s foot hits the ground. By studying this force, the scientists could compare the impact of different running styles.
“A rear-foot strike is like someone hitting you on the foot with a hammer, with about one and a half to three times your body weight. It would hurt without a shoe,” Lieberman said. “A fore-foot strike is like having no one hit you at all.”
Lieberman’s study explores the physics of running, which is a complex topic. Reed Ferber is a biochemist at the University of Calgary, Canada. The idea that barefoot running is better is a big assumption. He said, “Basically, there are no studies out there that show barefoot running is less injurious.” In other words, don’t throw out those fancy running shoes just yet.”
1. The best title for the passage might be “________”.| A．The Study of Running Barefoot | B．The Function of Shoes in Running |
| C．Race and Long-Distance Runners | D．Mystery of Increasing Running Speed |
| A．the feeling of feet when they touch the ground |
| B．the force with which a runner’s foot hits the ground |
| C．the way of spreading the body weight through the foot |
| D．the degree of comfort one enjoys in running |
| A．Shoes with cushioned soles can greatly increase one’s running speed. |
| B．The lighter a runner’s body weight is, the faster he can run. |
| C．One of the advantages of barefoot running is less chance of injury. |
| D．A fore-foot strike has great advantages over a rear-foot strike. |
| A．Future runners will be trained in a barefoot way. |
| B．People prefer running with shoes on to running barefoot. |
| C．There is still no clear evidence that running barefoot is superior to running with shoes on. |
| D．Some running shoes may bring about amazing results to the people who wear them. |
【推荐1】Three minutes of looking at red light once a week may help our eyesight, new research suggests. The findings show that red light might be a cheap and easy treatment for declines in color vision as we get older.
Last year, researchers from University College London did a study on red light therapy (疗法). 24 healthy volunteers, aged between 28 and 72, were asked to look at red light for three minutes every day for two weeks. Tests later found that the eyesight of people over the age of 40 improved.
To test the possible weak points of their therapy, they did a new study this year. Instead of using the light every day, they used it once a week. The new study included 20 volunteers, aged between 34 and 70, all with healthy vision. Some received red light therapy in the morning, and others received it in the afternoon. They were then tested on their color vision up to a week later.
On the whole, those who got the treatment in the morning showed a 17% improvement in their color vision, even a week later. Those who got the treatment in the afternoon did not have any improvement.
“We’ve found that one single exposure (暴露) to red light in the morning can greatly improve declining vision,” said lead author Glen Jeffrey.
The findings do support their earlier work, and they might make the treatment more practicable, since a once-weekly treatment is easier to stick to than a daily one. But the team’s promising results are still drawn on small numbers of healthy volunteers. Larger studies would be needed to show the benefits of red light therapy.
“In the near future, a once-a-week three-minute exposure to deep red light could be done while making a coffee or listening to a song, and such a simple thing could change eye care and vision around the world,” Jeffrey said.
Given its low cost (as little as $15) per device, and simplicity, the team is excited about the future of their therapy.
1. What plays a key role in red light therapy?| A．The time of day for treatment. |
| B．The device used in the treatment. |
| C．The time that one treatment lasts. |
| D．The number of treatments received. |
| A．The age of the volunteers. |
| B．The number of the volunteers. |
| C．The poor vision of the volunteers. |
| D．The health condition of the volunteers. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Doubtful. | C．Tolerant. | D．Hopeful. |
| A．To state the importance of eye care. |
| B．To explain the value of deep red light. |
| C．To introduce a way to fight vision decline. |
| D．To encourage aged people to protect their eyesight. |
【推荐2】Yawning is something we all do -- maybe because we're bored carrying out boring tasks or because we're tired. Sometimes, just seeing other people yawn can set you off. But is this biological function really contagious, and why do we do it in the first place?
Many of us think we open our mouths when we yawn to take in more oxygen, but in fact it appears there is no clear biological reason. According to BBC Bitesize, new research suggests it might be because yawning cools the brain down and prevents it from overheating, much like the fan in your laptop. This might be why we're more likely to feel sleepy and yawn in warm temperatures.
What is clear is that we yawn more when we're exhausted and ready for a nap, and we can't control when we do it -- once we start, there's no stopping us! But it's also true that yawning is a very contagious behavior. John Drury, a researcher from Sussex University found in his research that there is a connection with our social group and how close we are to the people in it. If we identify with the person who exhibits the behavior, we are likely to copy it too.
Another research by the University of Nottingham in 2017 found similar results. They asked volunteers to watch other people yawn. They found their ability to resist yawning when others around them yawned was limited. And the urge to yawn was increased when people were told they couldn't. They also found, when using electrical stimulation, that they were able to increase people's desire to yawn. These findings, they say, could be useful in treating other conditions like Tourette's, which involve the same area of the brain.
What is certain is that a yawn can creep up on us at any time even when we think we're not tired --but, I hope, not when you're reading this article!
1. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “contagious”？| A．Infectious. |
| B．Active. |
| C．Dangerous. |
| D．Efficient. |
| A．we are too exhausted. |
| B．our brain needs more oxygen. |
| C．we are bored with difficult tasks. |
| D．our brain needs to be cooled down. |
| A．Humans can't stop yawning as it is beneficial. |
| B．When told not to yawn, we will yawn less frequently. |
| C．Using electrical stimulation can stimulate people to yawn. |
| D．We are more likely to yawn when someone around us yawns. |
| A．The reasons for yawning. |
| B．The benefits of studying yawning. |
| C．The necessity of yawning. |
| D．The similarity of the studies on yawning. |
【推荐3】In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge (排放) your body’s toxins (毒素) and recover your energy.
One popular option is hot-stone massage (按摩). Therapists use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to massage certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.
Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45oC. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.
Using hot stones for healing dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.
The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.
1. What do people use to release toxins in our body according to the text?| A．Washing the body with cold water. |
| B．Discharging lots of sweat. |
| C．Relaxing muscles |
| D．Lying on the warm beds. |
| A．Sports have greater effects on the health than hot-stone massage. |
| B．There are no toxins and humidity in the body in summer. |
| C．Using water of about 45oC to wash the body is good for the health. |
| D．People should take advantage of summer to improve their health. |
| A．It was invented by Mary Nelson, an American. |
| B．It successfully cured many people of cancer. |
| C．It is popular with people with its excellent effects. |
| D．It can help people avoid sweating too much in hot summer. |
| A．The origin and development of the hot-stone therapy |
| B．The amazing functions of the hot-stone therapy |
| C．A healthy and comfortable lifestyle |
| D．How to live comfortably in summer |
【推荐1】3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food?
Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender.
Scientists say that it'll be quite easy: you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food “inks” into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals. Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients（原料）such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.
Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them.
However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those from growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from food-based inks and gels（凝胶）？
What's more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.
1. Why do some think that 3D food printing would be a disaster?| A．Traditional food would disappear. | B．Many people could lose their jobs. |
| C．It would affect the people's health. | D．We could all eat the same food. |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．3D food printing will replace traditional cooking. |
| B．It would hurt our tradition of food culture. |
| C．3D printing food can treat dysphasia. |
| D．3D food printing would be a failure. |
| A．3D food “printing” coming to the kitchen. |
| B．Can 3D printing create everything? |
| C．3D printing food will be in fashion! |
| D．The disadvantage of 3D food printing. |
【推荐2】To remind people of those Chinese poems and to promote cultural heritage, China Central Television (CCTV) has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. The final of the hit show’s second season was shown on Feb7.
Wu Yishu, 16, who studies at the High School attached to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top. “I really admire her knowledge of poems”, said Huang Zijin, 16, a senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang province. “The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks. She fulfills all my fantasies for classic Chinese women’s talents. What’s more, she always appears especially calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age. ”
“Learning poems isn’t about winning or losing. The power of poetry lies in shaping ơne’s view of life and developing one’s inner world,” said Li Bo, an expert at the Chinese Poetry Competition’s second season.
When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show’s academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetie (审美的) and emotional sides, and guide the student to lose themselves in the poems’ rhythmic and rhyming lines.
“Although the proportion (比例) of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary ant secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams,” Li Dingguang told China. org. cn. “Therefore, it’s important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”
1. China Central Television (CCTV) HOSTS Chinese Poetry Competition aiming at_______.| A．enriching Chinese history and literature | B．learning poems from ancient people |
| C．giving people a chance to compete | D．spreading Chinese traditional culture |
| A．Her rich knowledge of poems | B．Her wearing traditional Han clothing |
| C．Her rich knowledge of poems and calmness | D．Her classical looks |
| A．To get good marks in examination | B．To help build up their inner world. |
| C．To win the Chinese Poetry Competition | D．To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme. |
| A．doubtful | B．supportive | C．critical | D．causal |
| A．Few Chinese learn poems just for exams. |
| B．Most Chinese learn poems just for exams. |
| C．Poems are now learned by more and more Chinese. |
| D．Not all the students are truly appreciating and learning poems. |
【推荐3】A sudden large increase in natural-gas prices fueled greater demand for coal, the dirtiest of fossil (化石) fuels, but in turn, it led consumers to use energy more efficiently, and more significantly, encouraged investment in green transition (过渡；转变) around the world. As a happy consequence, the transition may have accelerated by five to ten years. Yet the remarkable thing is that it could have proceeded faster, if globally governments hadn’t begun to weaken motivating policies for people to invest. Sharpening them again will be vital, as with today’s development, the world is unlikely to reach net zero carbon emissions (零碳排放) by 2050.
One problem is obtaining permits. Endless delays stop firms from investing, which has long been a hurdle to new green projects. what’s worse, some places are going backwards. On February 6th, Denmark, a star in the industry, stopped processing all applications for such projects, after a sudden realization that it may violate EU law.
The bigger problem is that some providers are now rethinking their investments altogether, because energy projects are becoming less attractive, due to price ceilings and various taxes, together with rising costs. Globally, governments are keen to keep power prices low today—so low that providers will struggle to make money, which may lead them to sell energy illegally, making it riskier and less appealing to investors. Between January 2021 and April 2022 slow transportation and war-caused interruption together increased the prices of everything from shipping to industrial metals, thus raising the prices of solar modules (组件；模块). Higher interest rates are another headache for builders of green plants, who are much hungrier for capital than their fossil-fuel-fired fellows.
All this means that, if investing is to stay attractive, green power will need to be sold at higher prices than governments would like. If the energy transition is to happen fast, there must not be a race to the bottom.
1. What does the author want to emphasize about the green transition?| A．It shows some promise. | B．It is progressing fast as expected. |
| C．It could have been better. | D．It has been finished successfully. |
| A．Green projects became obstacles. | B．Governments stopped applying green projects. |
| C．Green projects needed supporters. | D．Governments stopped approving green projects. |
| A．1. | B．2. | C．3. | D．4. |
| A．Higher Prices, Faster Energy Transition | B．More Motivations, Faster Energy Transition |
| C．Stricter Policies, More Energy Projects | D．Stricter Administration, More Energy Projects |
