As an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AlDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications (药物) to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube inserted (插入) in a vein (静脉) in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were linked to this pump and continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented (补充的) oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler wasn’t willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler’s mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast that she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.
This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler called me over to his hospital bed and whispered, “might die soon. I’m not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too. I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.”
1. Tyler had to wear his backpack so that ________ .| A．his mother could recognize him in the crowd |
| B．oxygen could be provided to support his breathing |
| C．he could carry his favourite toys wherever he went |
| D．its pump could supply medications to his bloodstream |
| A．Tyler was very afraid of dying so soon |
| B．Tyler gave up the chance to enjoy his childhood |
| C．Tyler tried to enjoy his life though being badly ill |
| D．Tyler couldn’t move freely with his medicine-laden backpack |
| A．courageous and optimistic | B．confident and energetic |
| C．enthusiastic and adventurous | D．ambitious and passionate |
| A．Gifts in my life | B．Dress me in red |
| C．Never give up | D．Live with HIV |
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【推荐1】Climate change may increase the risk of viruses becoming capable of infecting new hosts in the Arctic, suggests a study of genetic material from a Canadian lake.
Canadian scientists found that an increase in glacier melt at Lake Hazen, the Arctic’s largest lake by volume and another location was linked to a greater risk of viral effects, where a virus infects a new host for the first time. Melting glaciers (融化的冰川) were considered a result of climate change globally.
The team from the University of Ottawa, led by Audree Lemieux, gathered soil and other items from the lake and sequenced (序列) the RNA and DNA in the samples. The researchers found characters of viruses and their potential hosts including animals, plants and so on. They then ran an algorithm (算法) recently developed by a different research team, which assesses the chance of coevolution (共同进化) among unrelated groups of organisms. The algorithm allowed the team to measure the risk of spillover, and suggested this was higher in lake samples nearer to the point where larger branches — carrying more meltwater from nearby glaciers — flow into the lake.
“Our main finding is that we show that for this specific lake, the spillover risk increases with the melting of glaciers. We’re not crying wolf.” says Lemieux.
She says the risk of infectious diseases coming from the Arctic is low today due to the region’s lack of “bridges”, such as mosquitoes, that can spread viruses to other species. However, the researchers note that climate change not only melts glaciers, but is also expected to cause more species to move towards the poles, which they warn “could have dramatic effect in the High Arctic”.
Exactly how glacier melt might increase spillover risk isn’t entirely clear from simply running the algorithm. Co-author Stephane Aris-Brosou says one idea is that extra run-off simply increases the mixing of species because their local environment is disturbed, physically bringing together viruses and potential new hosts that wouldn’t otherwise meet each other.
1. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?| A．Glaciers have slowed in melting process. |
| B．A new host in the Arctic has been affected. |
| C．Scientists guess viruses will come in the Arctic. |
| D．Viral spillover will appear in the Arctic in time. |
| A．What we can do to stop the viruses in the Arctic. |
| B．Why Branches of the lake are keys in spilling over viruses. |
| C．How scientists calculate the risk of spillover in the Arctic. |
| D．What signatures of viruses and their potential hosts shows. |
| A．The virus spillover will happen with glacier melting. |
| B．Viruses won’t spread widely due to lack of bridge. |
| C．Scientists have made great efforts in preventing viruses. |
| D．There is no need to worry about the viruses in the Arctic. |
| A．Viruses Appearing in Two Places in the Arctic |
| B．Glacier Melting Resulting in the Virus Spillover |
| C．Scientists’ Calculation about the Viruses in the Arctic |
| D．Climate Change Linked to Risk of Viruses in the Arctic |
【推荐2】Migraine(偏头痛)is a disease that has a number of symptoms, including head pain that can stick around from four hours to several days. While migraines can happen partly because of genetic problems, attacks may happen by chance, set off by a cause in the environment.
One common cause is food, and some common dietary causes include alcohol, salt, sugar, chocolate, and caffeine. But there are many others, and scientists continue to identify more. Last year, for instance, a Brazilian study found that watermelons brought on a headache within minutes in about 30 percent of the participants.
Some new researches are looking at which foods and what kinds of diets can prevent or lessen migraines. A new study published last year by a team of researchers found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people ease their headaches. In the study, those on a diet lower in vegetable oil and higher in fatty fish had a 30 to 40 percent reduction in total headache hours per day, serious headache hours per day, and overall headache days per month compared to the control group.
Tanya Kamka had suffered weekly migraines for most of her life. Then, in her 50s, she joined the NIH diet experiment and increased her intake of fish. After only a few months, “I haven’t had a migraine, not even a mild one, in over two years.” she says.
For others, the solution comes from plants, not fish. A 60-year-old man joined a study on the food-migraine link and turned to a diet, which includes a lot of dark, leafy greens. After two months he was experiencing only one migraine a month instead of the 18 to 24 a month he’d suffered before.
Clearly, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. What works for one person may not work for another.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?| A．The surroundings we are in may contribute to migraine. |
| B．The major cause of migraine is genes. |
| C．Slight colds can result in migraine. |
| D．Migraine lasts for at least three hours. |
| A．The lasting time of migraine. |
| B．Foods that bring about migraine. |
| C．Varieties of treatments available for migraine. |
| D．Alcohol abuse is to blame for migraine |
| A．More fish oil intake can help lessen migraines. |
| B．People taking more vegetables can cut back on migraines. |
| C．The control group may have 30%-40% less migraines. |
| D．Dining more vitamins and protein serves to cure migraines. |
| A．To tell that both fish and plants have positive effects on migraines. |
| B．To indicate the impacts of food on migraines vary from individual to individual. |
| C．To suggest that fish oils work better than plant oils in terms of a significant reduction in migraines. |
| D．To reveal that eating greens is beneficial to a person’s fitness. |
【推荐3】I was diagnosed(诊断)with cancer last June. Finding out that I had breast cancer felt like I’d been locked up in a prison cell, but I later found something unexpected: freedom.
Tests and procedures followed. Once the daily treatments started, I was tired out. The tiredness that came with cancer was not like any kind of tiredness I’d known before.
Then the magic happened.
I started to realize that this life change had brought an unexpected gift. The usual pressures of life gave way to a different kind of stress, but it came with self-discovery. I do what I can and don’t care about the rest. With the disease, decisions come more easily, and things that I’d previously weighted more heavily no longer matter as much. I don’t need a perfect home. What does matter now is having family and friends and a husband who can shoulder this new responsibility with me.
The doctor says my situation is very good and there’s a 91 percent chance that I’ll still be alive in 10 years. I look forward to simple things like my garden this spring, and going back to work when I’m healthy again. I’m also imagining the joy of getting my quiet and modest life back. It’s inspiring and there are lots of people there with me. And the professionals are really good at what they do.
I used to wonder how it would feel to be told I had cancer. Sure, my first reaction was fear, panic, sorrow, and anger. Then I found my strength. The fear is still there, but to my amazement, I am handling it. “You got this,” people say encouragingly.
1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．She felt as if she had lost her freedom. | B．She was unable to walk out of the cell. |
| C．Cancer gave her something unexpected. | D．Cancer cost her the ability to move freely. |
| A．was too tired to bear the treatment any more | B．found that she could handle the treatment easily |
| C．grew more peaceful and valued her family more | D．learned to be in a good state and free of pressure |
| A．Positive. | B．Hopeless. | C．Doubtful. | D．Concerned. |
| A．To help people learn to let go of stress in life. | B．To remind people to take care of their bodies. |
| C．To encourage people to shoulder responsibilities. | D．To inspire people to learn from her experiences. |
【推荐1】A Massachusetts man has got his wedding ring back thanks to some hikers who decided to try their luck at finding it.
It all started after Bill Giguere lost his gold wedding ring. Looking for the lost golden wedding ring was like searching for a needle in a haystack (干草堆). He had lost it during a daytime hike on Mount Hancock. Giguere was not sure about the location of the missing ring. He only remembered that he had briefly pulled off his gloves at the top of the mountain. And he guessed that the ring might fall off at that time. By the time he returned to his car after the hike and noticed that his ring was missing, it was completely dark.
He then decided to take his chances by posting information about his missing ring in a Facebook group for hikers. Luckily, the post was seen by Tom Gately. “As I read the post, my heart went out to him because I had lost my wedding ring before and luckily a man picked it up and returned it to me. So I decided to help him and I was going to be on the mountain to look for it,” Gately said.
Gately didn’t believe there was any chance of finding the ring on a snowy 10-mile trail if he only depended on his eyes and hands. So he decided to improve his chances by bringing along his metal detector (探测器). Within minutes of Gately and his friends reaching the top for the ring, his metal detector started ringing. He then brushed away some snow only to find the missing wedding ring. “Everybody just started laughing,” Brendan, Gately’s friend, said, “You couldn’t believe it.”
After Giguere received a Facebook message about how they had found the ring, he drove 60 miles to Gately’s house so he could pick up his wedding ring. And he thanked the hikers for their efforts again and again.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?| A．Giguere accidentally fell during the hike. |
| B．Giguere realized he lost the ring while hiking. |
| C．It seemed impossible to find the lost wedding ring. |
| D．It was difficult for Giguere to finish a long hike alone. |
| A．Gately felt pity for Giguere. |
| B．Gately shared his story with Giguere. |
| C．Gately wished to be friends with Giguere. |
| D．Gately wanted to repay Giguere for his kindness. |
| A．He made use of a tool with friends. |
| B．He got help from an experienced ring finder. |
| C．He searched the snowy trail several times alone. |
| D．He posted information about the missing ring online. |
| A．Brave and lucky. |
| B．Helpful and wise. |
| C．Honest and thoughtful. |
| D．Humorous and positive. |
【推荐2】My son has poliomyelitis（小儿麻痹）and he suffered from it a lot. When he was young, my wife and I took him to see so many doctors and got different kinds of treatments. But still, he couldn’t walk like a normal kid. So he was laughed at by his peers for his walking style. His tears burnt our eyes like sulphuric acid（硫酸）. Then, he became afraid of going to school. He wouldn’t go any more.
One night, my wife had a breakdown and shouted at him, “I tell you, my kid, you might be like this forever. you are a freak in other people’s eyes, and perhaps it would never change. But in my eyes, in your dad’s eyes, you are not a freak! You are not! Even if you are, we love you and we will love you forever!” My son spoke nothing for two days. He didn’t eat or sleep. We could read he was hurt. We hoped something wonderful would fall in our family. On the third morning, he struggled to walk to my car, with his school bad in his hand of course. He raised his head high and hugged me, saying “want to go to school. Nothing will beat me.”
You know, from then on, he was never afraid of being mocked or despised anymore. If he couldn’t avoid these looks, he chose to look at them in the eyes. Later, something nice really happened and me son went to MIT. When he was asked how he managed to bear the pressure, he said, “Because of my parents.”
My dear fellow, if you care too much about how other people look at you or what their opinions are, you will never become what you want to be.
1. What does the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 2?| A．a minor nervousness | B．a serious illness |
| C．a severe depression | D．an outburst anger |
| A．he was from a poor family | B．he didn’t do well in his lessons |
| C．he walked in a strange way | D．he often burst into tears |
| A．didn’t say anything without eating or sleeping for two days |
| B．went to school unwillingly without speaking anything |
| C．burst out crying complaining about his bad experience |
| D．quarreled with his mother and left home angrily |
| A．The boy owed his success to his parents and was grateful to them. |
| B．The boy was brave to face any difficulty after being encouraged by his mother. |
| C．The boy achieved success and admitted to a famous university. |
| D．The boy finally could walk like a normal child after some treatments. |
| A．brave and hard-working | B．determined and brave |
| C．wise and easy-going | D．confident and outgoing |
【推荐3】Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home. Whenever he drove past the woman's home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by another group of repairmen—but as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repair.
“ I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I’d be more than happy to,” Locke told CBC.
When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being said, she had already applied for a government grant （补助金） to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved.
Unfortunately, MacDonald never received the approval.
As the stubborn （固执的） Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle （抽奖活动）that his business was holding for a free roof. After the grandmother — of — four accepted one of the raffle tickets, Locke told her that she was the winner—because she was the only one who had entered the raffle.
Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $9, 000.
MacDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesn't know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he is her “guardian angel”.
"There's nobody out there like him," she added.
1. What did Locke desire to do for MacDonald?| A．Repair her roof. | B．Find a repairman. |
| C．Run a charity. | D．Raise money. |
| A．She didn't trust him. | B．She had won a raffle. |
| C．She didn't like free help. | D．She had got an official grant. |
| A．He persuaded her to give up her application. |
| B．He invited her to enter his business. |
| C．He gave her about $9, 000. |
| D．He told her a white lie. |
| A．Stubborn and tricky. | B．Wealthy and innocent. |
| C．Determined and warm-hearted. | D．Different and ambitious. |
