【推荐1】To avoid becoming the head story on the evening news, be prepared. Before you head out on a hike, check the weather, take plenty of water, and make sure someone knows where you’ll be and when you’ll be back. Bring clothes to keep you warm when wet. Avoid cotton, which is easy to take in moisture(潮气).

“To avoid getting lost, check often to make sure you’re still on the trail(路线),”says John Dill, a search-and-rescue worker at Yosemite National Park in California.“The minute you think you might not be on the trail, stop.” If you’re not alone, focusing on the needs of others can help you get rid of your own fears. Other keys to survival: staying observant and remembering to rest.

The surest way to get out alive is to take basic precautions(预防措施), such as taking a set of survival equipment. It includes waterproof matches for starting a fire, a folding knife for cutting branches, and a plastic tarp(防水布) for making shelter.

Generally, people who try to find their own way out get along worse than those who stay, says Richard N. Bradley, MD, of the American Red Cross. Find shelter before dark, and try to keep dry. Stay visible so that anyone searching can see you. In a wide-open area, make a signal with colorful tools, make a big X out of rocks, or dig a long shallow hole.

You can go several days without eating, so in most cases, you’d better not search for food, since there are lots of poisonous plants in the wild, says Dr Bradley. You cannot survive without water, so if you run out of water, it’s usually better to drink from a stream with suspect water than to go without.

【推荐3】There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences, we all want to get along with others. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.     1     It is about treating people with respect and care.

Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t rush into instant chat when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something meaningful.     2    

Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people love how they want to live.     3     If you do not like the way someone acts, you can try to interact with them as little as possible. You can always keep a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them could change.

Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, whereas a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently optimistic, people will cheer up when they see you coming.

    4     Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”

【推荐2】Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, rough movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate (凝视). Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation — varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.