【推荐1】About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way.Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. Perhaps,after all,it is safer to be driven by a woman!

There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red,orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases, an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.

Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye, there are millions of very small things called “cones”. These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors. There are also millions of "rods", but these are used for seeing when it is near dark. They show us shapes but no color.

Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes prefer blue to yellow. A red light will not attract insects,but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes, we can see many beautiful colors by day,and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.

1. Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?

A．Women are more careful.	B．There are fewer color-blind women
C．Women are fonder of driving than men.	D．Women are weaker but quicker in thinking.

2. According to the passage, with the help of the "cones”, we can_________.

A．tell different shapes	B．see in a weak light
C．kill mosquitoes	D．tell orange from yellow

3. Which of the statements about the color-blind is true?

A．Not all of them have the same problem in recognizing color.

B．None of them can see deep red.

C．None of them can tell the difference between blue and green.

D．All of them see everything in shades of green.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Color and its surprising effects.	B．Women luckier than men.
C．Danger caused by color blindness.	D．Color blindness.

【推荐2】The FDA has begun testing frozen berries for hepatitis A (甲肝) and norovirus (诺如病毒). The research, which started in November and is expected to last for 18 months, was prompted by four frozen-berry-related outbreaks in the U. S. between 1997 and 2018. The three hepatitis A outbreaks in the U. S. caused 405 people to get sick and 53 were in hospital, while the one norovirus outbreak made 136 people ill, according to the FDA.

The concern is that people don’t always cook the frozen berries before using them. Cooking would reduce or remove the pollution. Experts say the hepatitis A and norovirus could come from ill farm workers or polluted water or surfaces, like a harvesting basket. However, the FDA has given no specific guidance about how to prepare frozen berries meanwhile.

Frozen-berry virus outbreaks have been a bigger problem in Europe than in the U. S. , but this country needs to take action, too, according to DonSchaffner, a professor of food science at Rutgers University. His lab's recent research found that viruses can survive for two years frozen.

“Just because there have not been outbreaks, you should still keep a close eye on it,” he said, “Washing is not going to be 100% effective. What you really need is good agricultural practices on farms to make sure sick workers are not working on farms and highquality water is used.”

1. What does the underlined word “prompted” mean in Paragraph 1?

A．Influenced.	B．Attracted.
C．Caused.	D．Produced

2. What can be the reasons for the hepatitis A and norovirus?
① sick workers in the farm       ② poor-quality water
③ polluted harvesting tools       ④ cooked frozen berries

A．①②③	B．②③④
C．①②④	D．①③④

3. What will Schaffner probably agree with?

A．Americans don’t need to worry about the situation.

B．Washing the produce carefully is completely effective.

C．Viruses can survive in berries for at least two years.

D．High-quality water is important in preventing viruses.

4. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．The FDA is conducting a survey on frozen fruits.

B．Frozen berries may lead to the disease outbreaks.

C．Hepatitis a outbreak in the USA caused a great loss.

D．Frozen-berry virus outbreaks have been a big problem.

【推荐3】It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.

The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.

Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections, says Chen, but it’s certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues,” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?”

Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”, says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.

But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.

1. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?

A．They could be killed by high heat.

B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.

C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.

D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles.

2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?

A．They might worsen lung diseases.	B．They will cause lung infections.
C．They will destroy living environments.	D．They might damage respiratory systems.

3. Why are low-income people suffering more than others?

A．They live in poor areas.

B．They drive to and from work.

C．They have suffered from lung disease.

D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Results of the new research.

B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.

C．Disagreements between the author and Chen.

D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.

【推荐2】Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts (专家) agree that this is a good idea.
One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer. David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate.”
David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out.The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms(术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate.”
1. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s ideas on the relationship between people and computers?

A．Computer learning should be made easier.

B．There should be more computer clubs for experts.

C．People should work harder to master computer use.

D．Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.

2. We can infer from the text that “computer-lilerate” means_______.

A．being able to afford a computer

B．being able to write computer programs

C．working with the computer and finding out its value

D．understanding the computer and knowing how to use it

3. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ___.

A．help to set up more computer clubs

B．bring people to learn to use computers

C．bring more experts to work together

D．help to sell computers to the public

4. David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of______.

A．making better use of computer expert

B．improving computer programs

C．increasing omputersales

D．popularising computers

【推荐3】I’m sure you know the song “Happy Birthday”. But do you know who wrote the song and for whom it was written?

The retired professor, Archibald A. Hill in Lucasville, USA could tell us the story. Ninety-seven years ago, two of Mr. Archibald Hill’s aunts, Miss Patty Hill and Miss Mildred Hill were asked to write some songs for a book called “Song Storied for the Sunday Morning”. Miss Patty Hill and Miss Mildred Hill were both kindergarten teachers then. They loved children very much and wrote many beautiful songs for the book. One of them was the famous “Good Morning to You.” The song said, “Good morning to you, good morning to you, dear children, good morning to all.” This song was very popular at that time among kindergarten children. But not many grown-ups knew it. A few years later little Archibald was born. As his aunt, Miss Patty Hill sang the song “Happy Birthday” to the melody(曲调) of “Good Morning to you” to her little nephew(侄子). She sang the song like this: Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday, dear Archie! Happy birthday to you!

Miss Patty Hill and her sister had never expected that this song would become so popular, but it really did. People all over the world like the song because of its simplicity in tune(曲调简单) and friendliness in words.

1. Archibald Hill was __________.

A．English

B．Russian

C．American

D．Australian

2. Professor Archibald Hill was Miss Mildred Hill’s __________.

A．son

B．student

C．brother

D．nephew

3. The song “Happy Birthday” has a history of __________ years.

A．97

B．about 90

C．more than 90

D．less than 90

4. Why did Miss Hill wrote songs?

A．Because they are musicians.

B．Because they love children.

C．Because they were asked to write for a book.

D．Because their nephew asked them to do so.

5. The sentence “it really did” means __________.

A．The song really became popular

B．Their wish would really come true

C．People all over the world like to listen to the song

D．Yes, but the song didn’t become popular

【推荐1】A new APP uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to tell you what your pet is thinking. It’s called Happy Pets and it analyses an animal’s facial features, tells you what breed(血统) it is and indicates which of the five most common animal emotions—happy, angry, neutral, sad and scared.

The Happy Pets app uses AI, or machine learning. It’s a technology that’s used for vision in robotics and self-driving cars and it works by taking in images and assigning importance to them. One common use for AI is in facial recognition technology. Many of us can unlock our mobile phones with an image of our face and it’s important part of security processes in, for instance, airports.

But this is the first time this kind of technology has been used for animals. It then had to learn to recognize facial features. This is sophisticated because photos can be taken in so many different ways: from the side, above, below, in bright light. And different animals can have such different facial features. Think about how different the noses of a border collie(边境牧羊犬) and bulldog are, for instance. Once the AI behind Happy Pets had learned all this, it then had to be able to detect emotions based on specific facial features that are associated with each emotion, which it has learned from thousands of examples. For instance, if a dog tightens its eyes and mouth while changing the position of its ears in a particular way, it’s a sign of being scared.

In an online article for Melbourne University’s Pursuit, the researchers write they’re happy with how the app performs. The researchers would love feedback about how they could develop the app further.

1. Which of the following may go beyond Happy Pets’ function?

A．Learning the kinds of pets.

B．Showing pets’ main feelings.

C．Teaching pets’ facial recognition.

D．Analyzing the pets’ facial features.

2. What is the facial recognition technology commonly used as now?

A．The robot’s eye.	B．A security system.
C．The vision of self driving.	D．A machine learning system.

3. What does the underlying word “sophisticated” in Paragraph 3 meaning?

A．Typical.

B．Complex.

C．Scientific.

D．Traditional.

4. Why does Happy Pets have to learn to recognize faces?

A．Because faces can definitely show animals feelings.

B．Because it wants to have emotions of humans.

C．Because it enables Happy Pets to detect emotions based on specific facial features.

D．Because the types of animals are based on the looks.