As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes.
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Vander Meer.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”.
| A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills. |
| B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children. |
| C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard. |
| D．It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard. |
| E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful. |
| F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors |
| G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing. |
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【推荐1】Age has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree.
The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake, flood and other natural disasters.
At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.
She doesn’t stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took flights all the time. Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests.
In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group at church. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and In the Future aims to help business owners with trends. Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika?| A．She majored in science and technology. |
| B．She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11. |
| C．When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling. |
| D．In 2013 she got her bachelor’s degree through completing courses online. |
| A．Major in aviation psychology. |
| B．Be active in her youth group at church. |
| C．Write another book to help people to be talents. |
| D．Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings. |
| A．It aims to help people to be geniuses. |
| B．It is designed to arouse people’s awareness of psychology. |
| C．It is aimed to give students a hand to complete college. |
| D．The author hope to share her own experience with others. |
| A．The secret to become a talent is to start schooling at an early age. |
| B．Thessalonika led a rather successful and meaningful life. |
| C．Homeschooling is a good way to educate children. |
| D．Three published books help people become masters in their fields. |
【推荐2】Along the hallway (走廊), I saw mixed expressions on the faces of my students: excited, nervous, and worried.No doubt about it: they were this term’s freshmen. My own first day at high school flashed into my mind.
Since our family had just moved to the place, I didn’t know anyone at the school. On arriving, I picked up a map and my schedule (日程表). Oh, my goodness, what a large school it was! Nervously, I looked about for where my first class was to be held.
When I finally found my class, everyone was talking and laughing together, and I felt so lonely. Throughout the day, each period brought some new faces I had not seen before. But when my English class came around, I had a surprise: an old classmate! It was Ben, who had left my middle school right after sixth grade. We talked and joked about middle school and the clubs we were in together. My nerves eased (放松) a little.
Next was the P E. class. This was the first class that I found without difficulty. Sitting through the boring introduction to the class by the teacher, I started talking to a girl sitting near me. I found out that her family had just moved here too, and she didn’t know anyone either. As we talked, we discovered that we had a lot in common, and had a lot of classes together. This girl ended up becoming my best friend. I am so glad that I met her.
By the end of that day, I was full of optimism (乐观). I knew that high school would be an amazing experience.
1. The writer of this passage is a __________.| A．parent | B．college student | C．high school student | D．high school teacher |
| A．the school was very large | B．the map did not show the way |
| C．the teacher would be serious | D．the first class would be difficult |
| A．met her old classmate Ben | B．made friends with a girl |
| C．had P.E. class together with Ben | D．finally found her first class |
| A．Nervous. | B．Bored. | C．Hopeful. | D．Satisfied. |
【推荐3】The low percentage of women in science ，technology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require. Though studies have debunked the view,they have largely been based on results acquired from various several standardized tests. Now, researchers from Pennsylvania' S Carnegie Mellon University have found evidence that is hard to overlook; MRI (磁共振成像) proves that young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems.
The groundbreaking study to evaluate the biological gender differences in the math talent of young children was led by the university' s professor of neuroscience, Jessica Cantlon. For their study ,the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity as they engaged in math tasks. These included watching age appropriate educational videos and doing math exercises such as counting and addition,as well as reading for comparison.
“We looked at which areas of the brain respond more strongly to mathematics content in the videos and tasks, compared to non math content like reading or the alphabet, Cantlon said.“When we do that in lite girls, we see a particular network of the brain respond,and when we do that same analysis in boys, we see the exact same regions.”
So why do girls and young women tend to avoid math and STEM careers in general? Cantlon thinks it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)-such as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.
1. What does the underlined word“debunked” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Disproved. | B．Supported. |
| C．Confirmed. | D．Overlooked. |
| A．The purpose of the research. |
| B．The process of the research. |
| C．The participants of the research. |
| D．The findings of the research. |
| A．Mental capacity. | B．Gender difference. |
| C．Traditional prejudice. | D．Family background. |
| A．MRI- A Great Helper in Research |
| B．Toys- Boosters for STEM Potential |
| C．Boys and Girls: Equally Talented in Math |
| D．STEM Careers: Calling for More w omen |
【推荐1】Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. You look young. In 2035, many people can live to be about 150 years old. So at the age of 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents look the same age as you!
You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” can change the color or style as you like.
You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but you hear the voice, “You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge remembers the information about the milk. It knows that the milk is not fresh. In 2035, every household appliance is like your secretary.
It’s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, you can call a friend with your watch. Such “smart technology” is all around you.
So will all these things come true? “All these will come true, even better,” says a scientist.
I couldn’t agree more with the scientist. I am looking forward to the new life.
1. How do “you” look in the mirror in 2035?
| A．Young. | B．Fat. | C．Healthy. | D．Tired. |
| A．The watch. | B．The secretary. |
| C．The milk. | D．The fridge. |
| A．They run in the sky. | B．They don’t need gas. |
| C．They don’t need drivers. | D．They can talk with humans. |
| A．People won’t get old. |
| B．People don’t need to wear clothes. |
| C．People don’t need to have breakfast. |
| D．People can call their friends with a watch. |
| A．Future technology in everyday life. |
| B．Food and clothing in 2035. |
| C．Medical treatments of the future. |
| D．The reason for the success of new technology. |
【推荐2】Science fiction novels often tum into a nightmare (噩梦) halfway through—and for blue-collar workers who are at the bottom level of the labor force, there’s a doubt about the way the robot revolution story will end. By 2035, one in three jobs could be automated (自动化) by robots, predicts PwC, a business company.
“Robotics is traditionally applied to problems that fall into the categories ‘dirty,’ ‘dull,’ and ‘dangerous,’” says Jonathan Aitken, a robotics expert at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. “Automation of a repeated process is always achievable. The lack of variability means that the process is the same, time after time. This is the reason that robots fell naturally into automotive production.” It’s been the case since the first robots appeared on production lines.
But it’s not just blue-collar jobs that are feeling the difficult situation from the rise of the robots. White-collar roles are also affected, particularly those focused on data sorting, a task well-suited for artificial intelligence. Financial services is one area that has turned to automated robots carrying out trades. When a computer can pick stocks better and quicker than a human, it makes sense to make use of them, and almost all Wall Street firms do
Jobs where workers are less likely to be replaced by robots include those in health care, although surgical (外科手术的) robots, which are controlled by remote health-care professionals in order to carry out more precise procedures, are already being used in hospitals. However, the gentle touch and caring comfort of a well-trained nurse or doctor can’t be copied by a robot automation.
“It’s important to ask the question of whether we want robots doing certain jobs,” says Aitken. “In replacing a human, especially in a human-facing role, we’re being asked to accept the robot. This is something that’ll take time to achieve. People still like people.”
1. In which workplace are robots most widely used at present?| A．Schools. | B．Hospitals. | C．Factories. | D．Banks. |
| A．Doing repeated jobs. | B．Having no remote control. |
| C．Not being automated enough. | D．Lack of human-like feeling. |
| A．Unavoidable. | B．Risky. | C．Optimistic. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Will Robots Take Our Jobs? | B．Can Robots Do Jobs Best? |
| C．Robots: Future Labor Force | D．Robots: Masters of Traditional Jobs |
【推荐3】Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We’re doomed! Doomed! Now that I’ve gotten that out of my system, it’s become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government’s new guidelines for self-driving cars.
Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.
Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.
Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?
But there’s a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.
The question is, where can’t a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?
Finally, it’s only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.
Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.
1. What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?| A．Tired | B．Cautious |
| C．Careful | D．Anxious |
| A．How passengers behave in it. |
| B．How robot drivers get the license |
| C．How they avoid crashing into other car |
| D．How they respond to walkers on a busy street |
| A．confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards |
| B．eagerness to listen to songs written by robots |
| C．doubt about robots’ ability to write songs |
| D．curiosity about the future Grammy songs |
| A．Robots will control the world in every field |
| B．Robots are coming but not soon enough |
| C．Robots are being used in our daily life |
| D．Robots can drive cars and write music |
