In the 1940s, young male Royal Air Force pilots held needles as they waited for their next mission. Wartime pilots suffered a lot and knitting helped rebuild dexterity (灵巧) in wounded arms while also helping to settle wounded minds.
Today, millions of people around the world employ the same technique. “I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days, I really miss it. It’s like meditation.” says Janine Smith, who owns a store in Sydney selling supplies for knitting.
Research supports Smith’s statement. Physiotherapist Betsan Corkhill and occupational therapist Jill Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University that, ten years ago, surveyed more than 3,500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.
Or as Jannie Smith puts it, “That rhythm of making stitch after stitch is like deep breathing. It’s a flow where you don’t have to stress about it, you’ve got the rhythm happening.”
“Flow” is a concept first named by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. As he wrote in his book, “The best moments in our lives are neither the passive nor relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.”
The Cardiff research team found that many respondents described feeling calmer and in a better mood after knitting, and the majority of respondents who suffered from depression “perceived that knitting made them feel happier.” For respondents who suffered from chronic pain, almost nine out of ten said that knitting gave them a sense of accomplishment and a means of coping with their pain.
Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks and one stitch — it helps people build confidence in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.
1. Why does the author mention young male Royal Air Force pilots in paragraph 1?A.To give an example of a knitter. |
B.To show the heavy burden on pilots. |
C.To demonstrate the technique of pilots. |
D.To introduce the healing effect of knitting. |
A.Watching TV together with friends. | B.Taking physical exams. |
C.Playing chess with a great opponent. | D.Reading funny comic books. |
A.It motivates people to stretch their bodies. |
B.It enables people to build furniture. |
C.It helps people to get rid of chronic pain. |
D.It allows people to build confidence to learn other skills. |
A.Active Hands, Calm Minds | B.Healthier Attitude, Longer Life |
C.Easy Knitting, Skill Building | D.Mind Calming, Flow Finding |
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【推荐1】The neurotransmitter dopamine (多巴胺) is calling forth a lot of panic these days. According to books, articles and social media posts, our urge for a quick dopamine hit is why we desire cookies and spend too much time on Instagram. If we keep giving in to these desires, as the principle goes, we’ll never be able to stop ourselves.
Scientists who study dopamine say these concerns have been blown out of proportion. They “are not necessarily based on actual science of what we know about dopamine,” said Vijay Namboodiri, an assistant professor of neurology(神经学) at the University of California, San Francisco.
In the 1990s, scientists realized that dopamine is more closely related to the expectation of a reward than to its receipt. Dopamine causes the wanting of something and the motivation to go and get it, not the enjoyment of it. “What we think it maybe does is something like desire,” said Talia N. Lerner, an assistant professor of neuroscience at Northwestern University.
Some rewarding behaviors can cause problems in people’s lives. Activities like gambling and playing video games can lead to patterns of behavior similar to those seen in substance use disorder (SUD)— namely, continuing the activity despite severe negative consequences.
But that is the exception, not the rule. “For some people, yes, this is a problem,” Dr. Lerner said. “It’s not a problem for most people. We can function in the world and enjoy this reward-rich world.” As with most things related to health, the key is not going extreme. And while dopamine is involved in addiction, to say that it’s only dopamine is an oversimplification. In fact, experimental attempts to treat addiction by transforming dopamine activity in the brain haven’t worked.
“There’s not necessarily a healthy or unhealthy way to use dopamine,” Dr. Lerner said. “It’s just about learning. And you can always learn something good, you can always learn something bad.” Or, as Dr. Lerner put it, “dopamine is our friend, not just our enemy.”
1. Which of the following is closest to “blown out of proportion” in Paragraph 2?A.Neglected. | B.Overstated. | C.Justified. | D.Unfounded. |
A.It is a rewarding behavior. | B.It leads to final enjoyment. |
C.It means an addictive activity. | D.It is a disease caused by abusing. |
A.Treating it in a reasonable way. | B.Fighting against it like an enemy. |
C.Changing its activity in the brain. | D.Enjoying the rich reward it brings. |
A.Dopamine, a receipt of joy. | B.Dopamine, a severe addiction. |
C.Dopamine, a desire for a reward. | D.Dopamine, an over-concerned matter. |
【推荐2】Every year, groups of tourists travel to central US states like Oklahoma, Texas and Nebraska for their summer vacation.
Once an activity only for scientists and adventurous types, storm chasing has now become an increasingly popular pastime for people from all over the world.
The people going on these tours vary from curious first-time chasers looking for something different to storm chasing “addicts” like Nicholas Lee, a weather forecaster from the UK.
The real dangers of storm chasing are not just being swept up by a tornado. When a large tornado is predicted for the day, a number of storm chasers will drive to that high-risk area, causing serious traffic jams, which makes it harder to access the perfect spot to witness a tornado. The escape routes will be too congested as well.
Despite the increasing interest in storm chasing, it is still a very non-mainstream hobby.
A.Sometimes it can be life-threatening. |
B.He went on his first storm-chasing tour in 2015. |
C.But these people are not looking for sunshine or sightseeing. |
D.He cannot wait to see that happening at any time soon. |
E.Storm chasing was first popularized by the 1996 film Twister. |
F.It means going to“high risk areas”where severe weather occurs. |
G.How did potentially deadly weather become a popular tourist attraction? |
【推荐3】When Benjamin Cherkasky was in eighth grade, he quit the swim team. It wasn't because he lacked the passion; he just couldn't accept failures in matches. "I'm not Michael Phelps. Why am I even on the team?" he said. "My perfectionism prompted very high expectations, and that caused real suffering," he said.
Cherkasky is not alone in feeling that perfectionism can cause anxiety. So many millennials (千禧一代)suffer from the problems of being a perfectionist that psychologists are issuing warnings and schools are emphasizing the need to accept failure.
Jessica Pryor, a leading psychologist, said every generation is a sponge (海绵)for the messages it receives. "Millennials, more than any other generation in American society, are receiving clear messages about achieving," she said. "But there's an absence of the message that trying your hardest is still OK."
In college, Cherkasky found himself surrounded by so many intelligent people that he felt he should have been achieving a higher level than he was. "It makes you feel kind of crazy." he said. This type of thinking can lead people to putting in less effort, which as they fall behind, can create more anxiety. "It makes people feel kind of isolated." And that Cherkasky added, "can cause students to distance themselves from their school".
The American Psychological Association also found out that recent generations of college students have reported higher levels of perfectionism than earlier generations.
Researchers noted that social media adds pressure, along with the drive to earn money and achieve career goals. Perfectionists often create even higher goals, which can lead to a higher risk of failure.
1. What does the underlined word "prompted" in paragraph 1 mean?A.Led to. | B.Met with. | C.Resulted from. | D.went against. |
A.are unwilling to work hard. |
B.desire nothing but to succeed. |
C.should learn to deal with pressure. |
D.need the message that failure is acceptable when trying their best. |
A.the problems of college education |
B.the bad influence of fellow students |
C.the harmful effects of being a perfectionist |
D.the pressure most college students experience |
A.To share some experiences of a college student. |
B.To show the reasons for becoming a perfectionist. |
C.To present the findings of a research on college life. |
D.To raise public concern over a problem of millennials. |
【推荐1】Allan Pease has been known internationally as “Mr. Body Language” since his book on the subject became a multi-million best-seller all over the world.
Allan started his sales career at age10 selling rubber sponges(橡胶海绵) door to door after school to earn pocket money. He began writing and developing his own techniques of selling at age 18. By 21, he was the youngest person ever to sell over $1,000,000 of life insurance(保险) in his first sales year and at 24 achieved membership in “International Top 20” for multi-million dollar sales- the youngest ever to do it. At 29 he was a manager and partner in Australia’s largest Life Insurance Brokerage and was responsible for $103,000,000 of insurance sales in one year before becoming a full-time speaker.
For over 30 years Allan has taught others how to succeed. He teaches skills and techniques in a humorous way that people never forget. His addresses, books and videos are sought by business managers, Prime Ministers, TN presenters and stars. He has written six best-selling books and has appeared on TV and radio throughout the world including a TV and video series on body language which has been seen by over 100 million people.
In his classes, he teaches others to read between the lines of what others say and develop an understanding through “Body Language” signals. Dr. Blair Stone, from Macquarie University, said “Allan Pease is hilarious. He makes his class very humorous. Plus I never realized that I can laugh so much while learning so much, and his address was consistent (符合的) with the high standards as a university expects.”
1. According to the passage, Allan .A.was an early success | B.became famous late in life |
C.earned his living at the age of ten | D.had a sudden rise in his sales career |
A.influence on famous people | B.great achievements |
C.best-selling books | D.teaching methods |
A.brave | B.strange |
C.noisy | D.funny |
【推荐2】Ecology is a complicated thing. c Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, a combination of the two will make things worse. However, as research shows just published in Biotropica, by Benjamin Wigley of Nelson Mandela University, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can actually help to make things better.
Since 1954,the Kruger National Park has been the site of experiments. Dr Wigley carried out these experiments by looking at trees in three different zones. In one of these zones, the vegetation (植被) was burned every year. In the second it was burned every other year. The third zone, by contrast, was actively protected from fire. To keep things consistent, he only looked at the fate of a single tree species, the marula (玛鲁拉树), whose bark is often eaten by elephants. In July 2016, he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used a hammer and a knife to remove a 5 cm circular section of bark from each of them.
To their surprise, damaged trees in the annual burnt zone regrew 98% of their lost bark during the two years of the study. Those living in the second burnt zone regrew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were banned regrew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else around the trees' wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-banned zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants were known to damage tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the second zone and three in the annual zone developed ants' nests in their wounds.
It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are burning trees'。wounds to kill the ants. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually helpful to sick ones.
1. What is the finding of the research?A.More fire does good to trees. | B.Fire makes damaged trees. grow better. |
C.Ants always help trees gr8w well. | D.Elephants often damage tree barks. |
A.They were finished in one year. |
B.They were carried out in different parks. |
C.The damaged trees grew well as other trees. |
D.The trees chosen had been damaged by the researchers. |
A.To prove that ants are bad animals. |
B.To show the benefit fire brings to damaged trees. |
C.To express how ants influence trees' growth. |
D.To introduce the role ants play in ecology. |
A.Is Fire Totally Bad for Trees2 | B.How does Fire Destroy the Trees? |
C.The Balance of Trees and Ants | D.Trees, Animals and Disasters |
【推荐3】Gu Ailing, the United States-born Olympic skiing gold medalist, who is also known as Eileen Gu, said that she competed for China to inspire the nation’s young girls to get interested in the sport.
The freestyle skier won three medals at the Beijing 2022 Winter Games in February. She shared her thoughts on Tuesday at an event in New York, where she was among those honored as being among Time magazine’s 100 most influential people of 2022, and she discussed her motivation and the possible roles she may play after the Olympics.
Asked whether she had second thoughts about her decision to represent China in the Olympics, considering the current tension between the US and China, Gu said not at all.
“No, I don’t have any regrets,” she said, because every day on her social media she receives messages from hundreds of young girls worldwide who call her their inspiration. “Sports are a shared experience transcending gender, age, race, background and culture,” Gu said, adding that they can bring about cultural exchanges, communication and uplift one another, generating a cycle of positivity.
Gu also announced that she would be the ambassador for the US Winter Olympic Games bid in Salt Lake City in 2030. Gu said, “This is a beautiful example of globalism and the capacity that we can use skiing, we can use sports, we can use the winter sports to connect people.”
1. What do we know about Gu Ailing?A.She was a China-born Olympic skiing gold medalist |
B.She won four medals at the Beijing 2022 winter games |
C.She didn’t regret having represented China in the Olympics |
D.She was honored as one of the 100 most influential people of 2022 by Thames |
A.To win gold medals in the Winter Olympics |
B.To motivate China’s young girls to love skiing |
C.To promote cultural exchanges, communication and uplift one another |
D.To announce that she would be the ambassador for the US Winter Olympic Games |
A.They are of benefit to health | B.They are entertaining events |
C.They make athletes famous | D.They create a positive cycle |
A.A book review | B.Health magazine |
C.Celebrity interview | D.Personal diary |