On Monday, American ski mountaineer Hilaree Nelson and her partner Jim Morrison reached the summit of 26,781-foot Manaslu, the eighth-highest mountain in the world. Soon after the 49-year-old Nelson began her descent（下降）on skis，she triggered small avalanche（雪崩）and was swept away. On Wednesday, Morrison found her body.
“Often times in life, people want to play it safe, and we make everything around us to be comfortable and safe,” ski mountaineer Hilaree Nelson once said. “Therefore, we can make choices where you can see where that road is going to take you, and I've always been tending to make a choice that I don't know where it's going to take me.”
Nelson, a National Geographic Explorer, had a distinctive sense of travel that led her through more than 40 expeditions to 16 countries. In 2012, six years later, Nelson returned to Lhotse to become the first to ski from its summit.
She was deeply respected for both her extensive big-mountain experience, and her mindful approach to life's challenges. In 2018, Nelson was named captain of the North Face Athlete Team, a title only one other athlete has held. A National Geographic Society grantee, she was also one of the winners of the 2018 National Geographic Adventurer of the Year award. Despite her many super-hero accomplishments, friends recall her as a thoughtful presence and quiet leader, someone who never sought the limelight.
Throughout her career, Nelson struggled at times with the expectations and limitations of being a woman, a mother, and a professional adventurer---and becoming a role model for younger generations of female athletes in the process. “Nelson paved the way for women in the adventure sports space with her refusal to choose between motherhood and her athletic career," says Emily Harrington, a climber who joined her on the Hkakabo Razi expedition. “ She followed her passion as well as raising her family with a mix of courage and grace in a way only a true leader could.”
1. What happened to Hilaree Nelson according to paragraph 1?| A．She lost her life because of an avalanche. |
| B．She reached the summit of Manaslu alone. |
| C．She failed to find her partner and lost her life. |
| D．Her partner found her body a week after her death. |
| A．To explore the high mountain. |
| B．To meet with her partner Morrison. |
| C．To challenge herself to ski from its top. |
| D．To become the best woman explorer to ski. |
| A．Courage of Nelson as a good adventurer. |
| B．Reasons for Nelson's love for adventures. |
| C．Hardships for Nelson to balance life and work. |
| D．The great achievements Nelson once achieved. |
| A．Careful and confident. | B．Devoted and adventurous. |
| C．Thoughtful and considerate. | D．Creative and responsible. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】From December 1936 to March 1937, three archaeological(考古学的)diggings were earned out in the suburbs of Hangzhou, where loads of black ceramics and stoneware were brought to light.
Inspired by these relies(遗迹), an archaeology lover named Shi Xingeng, who came from West Lake Museum in Hangzhou, wrote several detailed reports on the diggings. However, he had to put his work aside when China started to fall into Japan's military aggression. He joined the resistance movement against Japanese invasion and died of disease in 1939. What passed away along with him during the war were many of Liangzhu's precious relics.
Fortunately, his reports were finally published in Shanghai in 1938, which caught considerable attention of archaeological circles. In 1959, the name Liangzhu Culture was given to the independent regional culture by archaeologist Xia Nai. It represented an earlier civilization between 3,300 and 2,200 B.C that had remained unknown to historians. It is commonly believed that the earliest known Chinese written language dates back to more than 3.000 years ago, when oracle bone script(甲骨文)appeared in Shang Dynasty. But Liangzhu Culture might provide evidence of a written language that appeared in China at least 1,000 years earlier.
In 2007, Liangzhu Ancient City was reported to be discovered in Hangzhou, where archaeological diggings revealed a large and early walled city in Chinese history. There were man-made hills and streams in the city area, which were very likely part of the early designed urban landscape. To protect the urban space which was formed by waterways and entrances both inside and outside the city, a flood control system was connected to the river networks and 11 dams. In the fields outside the wall, archaeologists discovered ruins of the residences, tombs, workshops, and docks with wooden boats.
1. What can we learn about Liangzhu Culture?| A．The relic site was well preserved. |
| B．Many relics were lost in the war. |
| C．It was discovered in 1939. |
| D．It named by Shi Xingeng. |
| A．The history of Liangzhu Culture. |
| B．The discover of Liangzhu Culture. |
| C．The significance of Liangzhu Culture. |
| D．The development of Liangzhu Culture. |
| A．It was a well-designed city. |
| B．It was the largest city in Chinese history. |
| C．There were some ruins left by flood. |
| D．There were no hills or streams in the city. |
| A．A travel brochure. | B．A history lecture. |
| C．A science report. | D．A culture website. |
【推荐2】Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lamps of the tent he is staying in with his family.
Al-Attar got two fans at a resale market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮) to produce electricity. His invention led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That comparison involves the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is known for his major scientific discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than 300 years ago. A famous story about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the nature of gravity.
Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is partly attached to a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans, one above the other. The wind could turn the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood.
Al-Attar’s first two attempts failed, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, until he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help ease “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when conditions can improve in Gaza.
“I am very happy that people in this camp call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said. “Because I hope to achieve my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating an invention that will benefit not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.”
1. Why did Al-Attar buy two second-hand fans?| A．To light his tent. | B．To cool his home. |
| C．To challenge Newton. | D．To learn to repair a device. |
| A．Sunlight. | B．Electricity. | C．Burning wood. | D．Flowing air. |
| A．Personal ability is boundless. | B．Patience is the key to success. |
| C．Family support determines success. | D．Failure tends to discourage motivation. |
| A．His future goal. | B．His great achievements. |
| C．The benefits of his camp. | D．The hardship of his creation. |
【推荐3】I.M. Pei, whose modern designs and high-profile projects made him one of the best-known and most prolific architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. A spokesman for Pei’s New York architecture firm confirmed his death to the Associated Press. Pei, whose designs included a controversial renovation of Paris’ Louvre Museum and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, died overnight, his son Chien Chung Pei told the New York Times.
Ieoh Ming Pei, the son of an outstanding banker in China, left his homeland in 1935, moving to the US and studying architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard. After teaching and working for the US government, he went to work for a New York developer in 1948 and started his own firm in 1955.
The museums, municipal buildings, hotels, schools and other structures that Pei built around the world showed precision geometry（几何结构）and an abstract quality with much respect for light. They were composed of stone, steel and glass and, as with the Louvre, Pei often worked glass pyramids into his projects.
The Louvre, parts of which date to the 12th century, proved to be Pei ’s most controversial work, starting with the fact that he was not French. After being chosen for the job by the then president, François Mitterrand, surrounded by much secrecy, Pei began by making a four-month study of the museum and French history. He created a futuristic(极其现代的) 70ft-tall steel-framed, glass-walled pyramid as a grand entrance for the museum with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a striking contrast to the existing Louvre structures in classic French style and was violently criticized by many French.
Pei said the Louvre was undoubtedly the most difficult job of his career. He said he had wanted to create a modern space that did not detract（减损）from the traditional part of the museum. “Contemporary architects tend to impose modernity on something,” he said in a New York Times interview in 2008. “There is a certain concern for history but it’s not very deep. I understand that time has changed, we have evolved. But I don’t want to forget the beginning. A lasting architecture has to have roots.”
When Pei won the international Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he used the $100,000 award to start a program for aspiring Chinese architects to study in the US. Even though he formally retired from his firm in 1990, Pei was still taking on projects in his late 80s, such as museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.
1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?| A．Pei is famous for traditional designs in architecture. |
| B．Pei built the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. |
| C．Pei set up his own firm with the help of a New York developer. |
| D．Pei put the elements light and glass pyramids into the Louvre. |
| A．Positive. | B．Neutral. |
| C．Critical. | D．Objective. |
| A．To explain Pei’s idea about the Louvre innovation job. |
| B．To list the modernity of the Louvre innovation. |
| C．To show Pei’s love for traditional culture. |
| D．To present Pei’s contributions to architecture in history. |
| A．Productive and stubborn. | B．Generous and persistent. |
| C．Hard-working and humorous. | D．Tolerant and considerate. |
【推荐1】Jack London, one of America’s great writers of adventure stories, was born in California in 1876. During his life, London did many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.
London loved to read. As a teenager, he spent many hours educating himself at the Oakland Public Library. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley in 1896, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was “not lively enough” and wanted to do something more exciting.
London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living. He knew their problems at first hand. He worked as a sailor, factory worker, and gold rusher, to name but a few of his many jobs.
Like many people of the time, London caught the Klondike Gold Rush Fever. In 1897, he headed for Alaska. He didn’t find gold, but he discovered something even more valuable. He discovered that people enjoyed listening to the stories he made up. London entertained (使……快乐) the miners with story after story. Later, using his experiences during the Gold Rush, he created many more colorful stories. London decided to live a full, exciting life. Each day, he pushed himself. Once London made up his mind to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years, the writer published fifty-one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer.
White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness.
Readers can enjoy Jack London’s talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.
1. What did Jack London think of his college life?| A．It was not very easy. | B．It was not very busy. |
| C．It was not very interesting. | D．It was not very comfortable. |
| A．When he was a teenager. | B．When he was in Alaska. |
| C．When he went to college. | D．When he worked as a sailor. |
| A．Strong-minded. | B．Big-mouthed. |
| C．Well-educated. | D．Sort-hearted. |
| A．The Klondike Gold Rush Fever | B．The Background of White Fang |
| C．Jack London—A Great Writer | D．Jack London’s Later Life |
【推荐2】One of the greatest contributions (投稿) to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used.
This was a huge task. So Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon (外科医生) who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always refuse to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell (囚室) at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院) for the Criminally insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
1. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _______.| A．came out before Minor died |
| B．was edited by an American volunteer |
| C．included the English words invented by Murray |
| D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary |
| A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. |
| B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. |
| C．He provided a great number of words and quotations. |
| D．He went to England to work with Murray. |
| A．they both served in the Civil War |
| B．they had a common interest in words |
| C．Minor recovered with the help of Murray |
| D．Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor |
| A．The history of the English language. |
| B．The friendship between Murray and Minor. |
| C．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. |
| D．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. |
【推荐3】Most teens are trying to find their purposes in life. However, Gitanjali Rao, a 15-year-old girl has been coming up with creative solutions to worldwide problems since she was 10. It is, therefore, not surprising that the teen has won the honor of “America’s Top Young Scientist”.
In the 3rd grade, Rao was inspired to do something after seeing the city’s primary water supply in her hometown was polluted by a factory nearby and that high levels of lead (铅)made its way into people’s drinking water.
After 2 months’ research, Rao designed a tool that used sensors to instantly discover lead in water. Called Tethys, after the Greek Goddess (女神)of freshwater, it informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead. The design earned her the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017. She is now working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys’ potential and hopes the device will be ready for market in the near future.
Later, Rao took on another social issue — drug (毒品)addiction. Her app, called Epione, which won the Health Pillar Prize in May 2019, is designed to catch drug addiction in young adults before it’s too late.
More recently, the teen has developed an app named Kindly, which uses AI technology to find possible signs of cyberbullying (网络欺凌). When users type in a word or phrase, Kindly is able to pick it up if it’s bullying, and then it gives the choice to edit it or send it the way it is. It gives them the chance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.
Gitanjali Rao has been selected from 5, 000 equally impressive nominees (被提名人)for TIME’s first-ever “Kid of the Year”.
1. What led to Rao’s inventing Tethys?| A．The accident of lead pollution. |
| B．The issue with drug addiction. |
| C．The shortage of water supplies. |
| D．The high cost of making water clean. |
| A．It’ll be fitted to cellphones. |
| B．It’ll win her a higher prize. |
| C．It’ll be put on the market soon. |
| D．It’ll remove lead from water. |
| A．Receive warning signals of threat. |
| B．Input words into a computer directly. |
| C．Choose from safe social networking sites. |
| D．Consider their words before posting online. |
| A．Professional and positive. | B．Creative and productive. |
| C．Inspiring and adventurous | D．Determined and amazing |
【推荐1】It was his final climb to reach the highest summit on all seven continents. When Christopher Kulish finally reached Mount Everest’s 29,035-foot peak, he joined a group known as the “Seven Summits Club”. But the 62-year-old Colorado lawyer died suddenly Monday after returning to the first camp below the mountain’s summit. He’s the second American to die in the past week after reaching Everest’s highest point. His family believes the cause was a heart attack.
Last week, 55-year-old Donald Cash died just after reaching the Everest peak. He also had reached the highest point on all seven continents. Including Christopher and Cash, at least 11 people have died on Mount Everest this year.
The deaths come among reports of overcrowding on the popular mountain. The Nepali government granted a total of 381 permits to climb Everest this year, a number that doesn’t include guides who are on the mountain as well. For some climbers, that traffic has meant longer wait time—some told the Himalayan Times the wait has exceeded two hours between the last camp and the peak. “When there’s a crowd, being a more experienced climber won’t help you,” Mountaineer O’Brien, who has also climbed the seven summits, said. “When a climber is stuck in that traffic, their body is starting to deteriorate (恶化) and the descent is often harder than the climb.”
“There’s no simple explanation for the string of deaths,” climbing expert Alan Arnette said. “Weather is one factor causing overcrowding. Meanwhile, the cost to climb Mount Everest has decreased, which means more people are making the journey.”
Still, Christopher was no beginner. His family said he’d been mountain climbing for five decades. He arrived at the base camp nearly two months before his climb so he could give himself time to adapt to the conditions.
His brother, Mark Kulish, described being a lawyer as a “day job” for Christopher. Climbing was his passion.
1. What made longer wait time on Mount Everest?| A．Lacking guides. | B．Overcrowding. |
| C．Bad weather. | D．Getting Government’s permission. |
| A．To wait for his friends. | B．To learn about the mountain. |
| C．To clear the traffic jam. | D．To adapt to conditions earlier. |
| A．He joined the “Seven Summits Club” at the base camp. |
| B．He has reached the highest point on all seven continents. |
| C．He died from a heart attack below the Mount Everest’s peak. |
| D．11 people following him died after reaching the Everest peak this year. |
【推荐2】Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples (样本) from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach — only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme (极端的) conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
1. What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Satisfied. | B．Lonely. | C．Patient. | D．Worried. |
| A．To make friends. | B．To help scientists. |
| C．To study plants. | D．To train scientists. |
| A．their hobbies | B．their friendship |
| C．their understanding of life | D．their living conditions |
① Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life on Mount Qomolangma.
② He and his friends spent two years on an adventure in South America.
③ He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientist
④ He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine.
| A．①③④② | B．④①③② | C．②④①③ | D．②④③① |
Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛峰) is the highest mountain in the world. This mountain is located in Asia. Asia is the home to all five of the world’s highest mountains. Mount Everest’s peak is five and one-half miles above sea level. That is very high!
Many climbers have tried to climb to the peak of Mount Everest. The first people to reach the peak were Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Since then, about 900 people have survived the climb to Mount Everest’s summit.
One of the most successful climbers is Erik Weihenmayer. Like all who try to climb this huge mountain, Erik faced strong winds, snow, and avalanches (雪崩). However, what really made Erik’s climb unbelievable is the fact that he is blind. After losing his sight at age 13, Erik began climbing at age 16. He has climbed the tallest mountains on five continents. Erik became the first blind person to reach the peak of Mount Everest.
At the age of 32, Erik began his climb as part of a 19-member team. His team wore bells that he could follow using his climb. By using them, fellow climbers could quickly warn him of such things as a big drop on the right or a big stone to the left.
During his climb, Erik faced many dangers. He struggled through 100m.p.h winds and sliding (滑动的) masses of snow, ice, and rock. Because the air became thinner the higher Erick climbed, he wore an oxygen mask, as do many who climb high mountains. It took Erik about two and a half months to reach the top of this huge mountain.
1. What does the underlined word “summit” in the second paragraph mean? (1 word)2. What made Erik’s climbing Mount Everest special? (No more than 10 words)
3. How did the fellow climbers warn Erik of some small dangers during the climb? (No more than 5 words)
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (No more than 10 words)
5. What do you think of Erik Weihenmayer? And why? (No more than 25 words)
