How to write a good news report
Journalism is a fast paced industry, requiring reporters to get the facts about newsworthy events and to write about them before a deadline strikes. It takes a certain amount of skill to be able to do this.
Firstly, get all the facts first. Journalists know this as the five W’s and one H which refer to who, what, where, when, why and how. These are the most important things to look for.
Secondly, look at the details. Most news isn’t as straightforward as it seems. Be sure to look at a story from different angles, and get to know the subjects of a story more intimately. It is sad to know that a woman is killed by a drunk driver, for example. But when you find out that the victim was an honour student and a very active member of a charity, it gives the story more depth and personality.
Thirdly, double-check facts to avoid errors. Sources may also make mistakes when giving you information and some may even cheat you. It is wise to get in touch with other sources. In a shooting incident, for example, getting the facts from the police and from both the criminal and victim is not enough. You should also interview other witnesses who may give information that will reveal more about the incident.
Fourthly, start writing the news, beginning with the lead. The lead is what hooks your readers and urges them to read on. Most leads are usually a summary of the story, but they can also be dramatic or take the form of a question or a quote in order to gain and retain readers’ interest.
Fifthly, write the body of the article. The most common form of a news report is the inverted pyramid. Here, the important information is given in the first few—if not the first—paragraphs. Other information relating to the story follows. This form is common because it allows editors to delete the last paragraphs if there are space constraints.
Last but not least, check your article for errors. If time permits, leave the article for a moment and then read through it again with a fresh eye. Grammar mistakes are embarrassing, and factual errors can result in a lawsuit.
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A serious earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures in disorder. Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, the most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does! And it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Practise for an earthquake. You should do earthquake practice and teach your children about earthquake safety. Everyone in the family should do some earthquake practice often. It’s very important.
Be always ready before an earthquake. It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.)
There is a strong chance of short circuits and fire breakouts during an earthquake. If you are cooking when an earthquake happens, make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas: windows, large mirrors and so on. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams. Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are.
Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.
Para 1.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Public speaking is the act of speaking to a large group of people in a highly organized manner. Knowing the art of public speaking is very important. The ability to speak confidently and convincingly in public not only will make you stand out while in college, but also will enable you to play an active role in your workplace and community in the future. There are many occasions where you will likely be asked to give a speech, such as in a classroom presentation, at school meetings, graduation ceremonies, awards ceremonies, receptions, or wedding parties.
Public speaking often involves two major stages of work: preparation and delivering. As for the preparation, you should start with an audience analysis and decide on a speech topic and purpose. The more you know and understand about your audience, the better you will choose a topic and prepare the speech. After you analyze your audience and set a speech objective, you need to gather materials to support your idea. Examples, stories, statistics, and testimony (证明) are four major types of supporting materials. You can gather these materials from the Internet, journals, magazines, books, newspapers, or your personal experience. After you gather enough materials about the topic, you then need to organize them clearly and logically.
The language of a speech tends to be different from that of writing. In a speech, shorter and simpler words and sentences are preferred to long and complex ones so that the listening audience will understand well. Besides, in order to bring emotional responses in the audience, various kinds of rhetorical devices (修辞手法) are often employed to add power to the speech language.
To successfully deliver a speech, you need to do a lot of work as well. For example, you need to make effective use of your voice and body so as to convey your message clearly and vividly. Maybe you also need to prepare some visual (视觉的) aids such as PowerPoint to help your audience understand you well.
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An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.
The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).
To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌) behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.
Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.
This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.
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| 人物传记模式 (ABCDE) | 具体内容 |
| 第一段 A(admiration) | 钟南山院士是21世纪中国最著名的医学家之一。 |
| 第二段 B(background) C(characteristic) D(deeds) | ①他于1936年10月20日出生于江苏省南京市，于1960年毕业于北京医学院。 ②2019年末，新冠肺炎暴发，他冲到抗疫前线，战胜重重困难，取得显著成果，被授予“共和国勋章”。 |
| 第三段 E(evaluation) | 最让人印象深刻的是他精湛的医术以及不断战胜困难的能力。他是一个感动了无数中国人的人民英雄。 |
2.词数80左右。
参考词汇：新冠肺炎COVID-19；共和国勋章the Medal of the Republic
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Are You a Team Player?
We hear a lot about team building these days.Team-building experts are hired by some corporations to lecture us on how to work more effectively with each other.And they organise awaydays-a time employees spend together away from their usual workplace.
Here in the UK,employees can take part in activities such as Zombie boot camps where military instructors train you how to fight walking “dead people”.For the brainier office workers amongst us there are crime investigations modelled on popular TV dramas like Sherlock Holmes and CSI.
Stressed-out city workers might have ukulele lessons made available to them.Why is that a good team-building exercise?Ukulele teacher Lorraine Bow says,“The fact that they can play a musical instrument within an hour is quite a fulfilling thing,really.It’s not competitive-it’s quite easy to do and a bit less intimidating than a guitar...”
Actually,a horse might be a bit more intimidating than an instrument.The animals are used by a company in Abu Dhabi which teaches leadership through horse training.Basically,you have to go in a yard with a horse and persuade it that you’re the boss by using body language.
Kelly Eide,co-founder of True Leadership,says,“The horses don’t care if your hair is purple,if you’re a man or a woman,if you’re old or young...It transcends (超越) all of those cultural boundaries-age,gender,religion,tradition,etc.-so that’s a perfect fit.And in an organisation where you really need groups of people to gel (相互磨合),who come from different backgrounds which have no common norms,you can teach that most efficiently with a horse.”
And the horse feels instinctively whether or not you are a natural leader.So if after you’ve done a good presentation your boss offers you a carrot,you’ll know where he might have learnt it from.
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It was spring, and Steve wanted to get a new set (套装) of football, sports shoes, and a really cool backpack. There was only one problem. That great set was too expensive. Steve only saved $10, and that was not even close to what he would need to buy the set.“I could ask mom and dad to give my pocket money in advance,” he thought to himself, “but that would be a big advance!”
That night, Steve told his parents the problem. “Have you ever thought about doing something for the neighborhood to earn some extra money?” asked his dad. “No, it would take me too long to earn the money,” answered Steve, “I need the new set for the school football match in two weeks.”
“Well, if you earn part of the money, I’ll advance you the rest. Is that OK?” suggested his dad. Steve agreed with the offer, went back to his bedroom and thought about what he could do to earn some money.“Billy from next door takes care of Mrs. Smith’s garden, Kelly walks Mr. Frank’s dog, and Tony washes Mr. Lipton’s car. There is nothing that I can do to ear some money,” thought Steve.
The next day after school, Steve went past the store, Sports Time. He loved to look in the window at all the football equipment and other goods on the shelves. Steve went in and looked at the new football set he wanted.
“Hi, Steve,” said Mrs. Thomas,“what can I do for you today?”
“I want to see if there is a sale on that football set.”
“I am afraid not,” said Mrs. Thomas, “it is sill S60.”
“I only have $10 saved, and my dad said if I could do something for the neighborhood, he would advance me the rest,” said Steve, and he told her about the school football match.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右:
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Seeing that Steve was eager for the set, Mrs. Thomas came up with an idea.
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Paragraph 2:
With her permission, Steve nushed to the new football set excitedly.
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