【推荐3】Jumping worms are wriggling their way across the United States, greedily swallowing protective forest leaf litter and leaving behind bare soil. They replace other earthworms, insects and ground-nesting birds, and disrupt forest food chains. They can harm more than 12 acres in a single year, changing soil chemistry and microbial communities as they go.

Jumping worms are often sold as compost worms or bait. And that is partially how they’re spreading. Fishers like them because the worms wriggle and swing like angry snakes, which attracts fish. They’re also marketed as compost worms because they eat up food leftovers far faster than other earthworms.

But when it comes to ecology, the worms have more worrisome features. Their eggs are so small that they can easily attach to a hiker’s or gardener’s shoes, or can be transported in mulch, compost or shared plants. Hundreds can exist within a square meter of ground.

Jumping worms grow faster and reproduce faster — and without a mate, so one worm can create a whole invasion. Jumping worms also consume more nutrition than other earthworms, turning soil into dry tiny balls that resemble coffee grounds or ground beef. This can make the soil unfriendly to native plants and young trees and far more likely to be harmed.

Scientists have been working hard to get a good handle on these worms. But there’s still a lot unknown, making it hard to predict how much farther the worms might spread and into what kinds of environments. One important question is how weather conditions affect the worms. For example, a long-term drought this year in Wisconsin seems to have killed off many of the worms. Soils filled with wriggling worms just a few weeks ago now hold far fewer. Perhaps that’s a hopeful sign that even these hardy worms have their limits, but in the meantime, the attack of worms continues its march — with help from the humans who spread them.

【推荐1】Swimming Workouts

The pool is for more than swimming

The weather is warming up.     1     Whether you're trying to focus on your legs，your arms, or your abs, there are plenty of different swim workouts that will strengthen your entire body. If you are in a relatively shallow pool, try a series of ten sudden jumps off the bottom of the pool with your hands over your head.     2    

Kickboard kicks

Using a kick board helps you target your leg muscles (肌肉)during your swimming workouts. With your upper body on the kickboard, you can separate your legs and focus on developing the kick. Sometimes while swimming with your arms, it's easy to forget about your legs.     3     For more leg-strengthens, try these easy exercises to make your legs strong.

Jump outs

Jump outs are a fun way to mix things up and add dry-land strength elements to your pool workout. The movement of getting out of the pool will provide added heart work.     4     Try doing sets where you swim 50 meters a lime with getting out of the pool and doing a dry-land exercise.

Water jogging

    5     Water jogging isn't just recovery for runner. It's a great workout for anyone and provides all the exercise you need without the hard impact on your joints (关节). Get your upper body and abs involved by wearing water webs on your hands to push and pull the water, or try holding aquatic dumbbells in your hands.

【推荐2】When 36-year-old J Andy Duran decided to return to his favorite high school hobby—skateboarding, the only trouble he expected to have was his own ability to get back on the skateboard after such a long time. However, the 340-pound skateboarder soon realized that was the least of his problems.

Duran's problems began before he even stepped on a skateboard. He couldn't find anything for fat skaters. What Duran did find was a belief that plus-size people should not be skating. Determined to do something to change the image(形象) of plus-size people in sports, Duran set up Chub Rollz—a skating and skateboarding community for overweight skaters. He knew that not only did he need to get back into it to prove people wrong, but he needed to create a safe space where others can have representation as well.

To encourage plus-size people to take part in the fun sport, Duran created a list of recommended products for fat skaters. He also hosted roller skating and skateboarding classes to teach beginners.

After an article about his thoughts in the San Francisco Chronicle, Duran received lots of messages from strangers thanking him for giving them the courage to take up skateboarding. He has also been contacted by some skateboarding brands offering to create larger clothing sizes and been offered free equipment by skating organizations like "Skate Like a Giri ".

Though encouraged, Duran believes a lot more needs to be done to remove body image stereotypes(刻板印象).“I want to see more changes in communities. Maybe skate shops create a more welcoming environment for all types of skaters. Or boards are made in a variety of strengths and sizes—everyone is making thinner, lighter products, but sometimes we need those heavy-duty choices to stay available," he explains.

For those hesitant of taking up their desired activity due to their body size, Duran has this to say:“Be kind to yourself. Just because you don't see it doesn't mean you can't be it.”

【推荐3】There are many benefits to exercising in the cold. You use more energy in winter, which equals to burning more calories (卡路里). And as you’re burning more energy, you sleep better at night. Regular exercise is also one of the best ways to improve your immune system and prevent you from wintertime colds and other illnesses.     1    .

•Do warm-up exercise. It is important at any time, especially during the colder months     2     and the joints (关节) take a little bit longer to warm up properly.

•Stretch (伸展) your body. It’s particularly important in the winter months when it’s easier to cramp (抽筋) up or pull a cold muscle.     3    .

•     4    . It’s easy to become dry during the cold months, just like in the burning summer heat, so carry a water bottle with you and drink plenty of water after you work out on the playground. Most people forget the importance of water after their workout during the colder months.

•Avoid catching a cold. Whenever exercise is stopped or paused for any longer than a couple of minutes, take off any wet clothes as soon as possible.     5     and then put on a jacket and sport pants to avoid getting a cold.