Manta rays (魔鬼鱼) are some of the creatures in the ocean who allow divers to swim right up to and interact (互动) with them. Unfortunately, these gentle animals are in big trouble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.
Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays: It banned fishing for them. Although 12 other countries have passed laws to protect rays, Peru’s may be the most important one yet. That’s because there are more manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.
Giant manta rays are unusual-looking creatures. The giant, flat rays are typically about 4.5 meters wide and can grow up to 8 meters wide! “They’re sort of like giant flying carpets underwater,” says Joshua Stewart of the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays.
People catch rays for their meat. Overfishing is bad for any sea creature, but it’s even worse for manta rays. Female manta rays usually have only one baby, every two to five years. So every ray that’s caught hurts the population in a big way. People who break Peru’s new law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away. Even rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be set free.
Earlier this year, the Manta Trust attached video cameras, called Crittercams, to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico. The footage (连续镜头) the cameras collect could help researchers predict where rays swim and when. The scientists could use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas, helping reduce the number of accidentally caught rays.
Stewart says it’s important to protect these unique creatures. “There’s really no other animal that compares in size that you can have interactions with in the wild.”
1. What’s a characteristic of manta rays?A.They can fly like a bird. | B.They are usually of small size. |
C.They are very friendly to people. | D.They like swimming up and down. |
A.Their habitats are badly damaged. | B.They only live in the Pacific Ocean. |
C.Their number has dropped greatly. | D.Fewer and fewer female rays give birth. |
A.protect them | B.look for more rays |
C.make films about them | D.reduce their population |
A.It makes no sense. | B.It is hard to follow. |
C.It is really essential. | D.It needs improvement. |
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【推荐1】The seal feels perfectly safe lying on the Antarctic ice even if it is surrounded by a pod of killer whales. But within minutes it has been knocked into the water in a clever team tactic before being killed. These astonishing pictures show how the sea predators work together—and the technique provides meals for killer whales three out of every four times they use it, according to scientists.
Research has also found that the mammals—around 26ft in length and weighing more than six tons—carefully kill the prey underwater,co-operating as they skin and dissect the seals. Dr Robert Pitman, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in California, took the shocking images of the pod going in for the kill. He said, “The killer whales were very good at knowing in advance if they were going to be able to wash a seal off a floe and they were always successful in getting the seal into the water. A couple of times the seal was washed off but managed to escape in the confusion, but not very often. From killer whale studies elsewhere we expected this kind of social interaction but it was the canniness of their hunting tactics that blew us away.”
Dr Pitman and his colleague Dr John Durban helped a BBC film crew capture their behaviour for the TV documentary series Frozen Planet, to be shown later this month. They spent weeks tracking and recording the hunting behaviour in the pack ice off the coast of the Antarctica Peninsula. The whales prefer Weddell seals, which can be up to 11 feet long, rather than the more aggressive crabeater and leopard seals. Dr Pitman told the Sunday Telegraph that the whales deal with seals who try to hide among the ice after being knocked into the sea by creating shock waves with their tails to knock them out into the open water.
He said, “The whales also blew streams of bubbles under the seals apparently trying to get them into open water where they wouldn't have a chance against the waiting killer whales.”
1. Which of the following is true about the killer whales' hunting tactic?A.They kill the whale before knocking it into water. |
B.They use the tactic three or four times before succeeding. |
C.They make astonishing shows to have other sea predators work together. |
D.They manage to earn their meals with the tactic in most cases. |
A.worked as a reporter at BBC |
B.filmed Frozen Planet all by himself |
C.followed and recorded the killer whales for weeks |
D.conducted studies on killer whales elsewhere in advance |
A.use their skin to interact | B.are normally 11 feet long |
C.often have seals run away in the open water | D.take advantage of bubbles when hunting |
A.A TV documentary series on seals. | B.The canny team tactics of killer whales. |
C.Dr Robert Pitman's latest study. | D.The special living habits of killer whales. |
【推荐2】In Shark Bay, Australia, bottlenose dolphins that aren’t related have been observed teaching each other a new way to use a tool, a behavior that until now scientists have found only in humans and other great apes. It’s also the first known example of dolphins passing on such knowledge within the same generation, rather than between generations. That’s significant, the authors say, because such social learning between peers is rare in nature.
In a practice called shelling, dolphins will chase fish into abandoned giant snail shells on the seafloor, then bring the shells to the surface and shake them with their noses, draining the water and catching the fish that fall out. In 2007, Krutzen launched a study of Shark Bay’s dolphins, identifying more than a thousand individual dolphins over 11 years. During this time, scientists observed shelling 42 times among 19 dolphins. Half of these events occurred after a marine heatwave in 2011, which may have caused a die-off among giant sea snails, leading to more abandoned shells on the seafloor.
Because of the length of their study, scientists had thorough knowledge of the individual dolphins, family histories, ages sexes, and behavior, making it easier for them to study the 19 dolphins that practiced shelling. For instance, they observed that the dolphins that practice shelling hang out with other shelling hunters, so it’s likely that they copy the action from those they spend time with, says study lead author Sonja Wild, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Konstanz in Germany. Although 42 observations are a small data set, the scientists add it’s likely the behavior is actually common; it only lasts a few seconds, making it harder for people to spot it from a boat.
The team had assumed that environmental factors — specifically, whether shelling dolphins did so simply because they lived in a shell-rich area — could explain this peer-to-peer transmission (传递). A genetic trait (遗传特性) among a family group was another possible reason.
So the researchers combined their data on the dolphin sightings, as well as genetic and environmental data, into a computer model that proposed various ways shelling could be passed on between dolphins. The model that supported this kind of transmission was the strongest outcome, according to the study.
1. What do we know about dolphins?A.They are becoming rare in nature. |
B.They are as intelligent as humans. |
C.They cause more sea snails to die. |
D.They can carry out social learning. |
A.It could probably happen often. |
B.It may be hard to understand. |
C.It is actually meaningless. |
D.It differs between dolphins. |
A.Analyze the causes of the dolphins’ behavior. |
B.Explain the genetic traits of shelling dolphins. |
C.Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
D.Get the readers to reflect on the topic. |
A.Shelling Dolphins Face More Dangers |
B.Dolphins Learn Tricks from Each Other |
C.Dolphins Communicate with Sea Snails |
D.Dolphins Abandon Their Natural Habitats |
【推荐3】Why should most of us hate spiders when we know deeply how much good they do? Is it because they somehow seem so alien? After all, what other land creatures on earth have eight legs? What other creatures spin silk webs in which to catch and wrap their prey to preserve it for the future, much as we put food in the fridge to eat later? I do not personally suffer from arachnophobia, the name given to an abnormal fear of spiders, but I can't say that I like the little beasts. However, some people do, and they actually keep them as pets!
There is a wide variety of spiders in the world. In fact it has been estimated that there are some 35,000 species——from little "money spiders" that live in your back garden, to the "black widow spider", and the “tarantula” ,the spider that is now sometimes kept as a pet.
A tarantula can be any one of a large hairy spiders family and there are about 800 species of them. While experts can tell the difference between species at a glance, most are usually described in reference books as “rather slowly" with “a strong bite which may be poisonous”. They are covered with hairs which can cause a rash (皮疹)if they are handled.
No one has calculated the number of human deaths caused by a bite from a tarantula perhaps because it has never happened, or happened so rarely, and indeed a tarantula will do no harm to anyone if handled correctly. Their disgusting image cannot belie their gentle nature but experts tell us not to handle a tarantula without expert advice.
Tarantulas are popular as pets and it requires very little space to maintain them in excellent condition. They should be kept singly in a glass container, which need not be very large but should have a layer of stones in the bottom. They feed on insects, and while young tarantulas eat twice a week, adults will often eat no more than once every 10 days.
You might like the idea of keeping a tarantula, but personally I am content with just watching them at a distance.
1. According to the text, why do most people dislike spiders?A.They are abnormal beasts. |
B.They take food from fridges. |
C.They have unpleasant appearance. |
D.They make people suffer from arachnophobia. |
A.It must be kept in groups. |
B.It feeds on poisonous insects. |
C.It doesn't belong to hairy spiders. |
D.It has mild nature if handled properly. |
A.The death caused by a tarantula. |
B.The number of human deaths. |
C.The bite from a tarantula. |
D.The rash caused by hairs. |
A.Never judge a book by its cover. |
B.Nothing seek, nothing find. |
C.No sweet without sweat. |
D.Once bitten, twice shy. |
【推荐1】Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.
Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins(箱子)and educates young people and adults about battery recycling. In just three years he has built a team of more than 250 student volunteers across the globe who have recycled nearly 200,000 batteries and educated millions of people. Nihal learned at age 10 that 15 billion batteries are thrown away each year and that most end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)where they pollute groundwater, harm the ecosystem, and can cause catastrophic fires. Inspired to tackle the problem, he began collecting used batteries from his community. He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.
Undeterred, he reached out for help from Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling nonprofit in North America. Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places. Nihal’s organization now operates across the U.S. and is expanding to other countries including Canada, Switzerland, and India. “Earth gives us so much — oxygen, food, water — everything! So it’s important that we give something back when we can,” says Nihal.
The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T. A. Barron. “Nothing is more inspiring than stories about heroic people who have truly made a difference to the world,” says T. A. Barron. “And we need our heroes today more than ever. Not celebrities, but heroes — people whose character can inspire us all. That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.”
1. What does Recycle My Battery intend to do?A.Protect the earth from used batteries. | B.Promote used batteries across the globe. |
C.Make money by collecting used batteries. | D.Stop people throwing used batteries away. |
A.Undiscouraged. | B.Unprepared. | C.Unsurprised. | D.Uninterested. |
A.By making it go global. | B.By offering free recycling bins. |
C.By providing financial support. | D.By buying more used batteries. |
A.The importance of recycling batteries. |
B.The impact of batteries on the environment. |
C.The achievements of the Barron Prize winners. |
D.The inspiring story of a young environmentalist. |
【推荐2】You must have heard about jogging as a popular way of keeping fit, but what about plogging?
Plogging is a combination (结合) of jogging and picking up litter, from the Swedish phrase “plocka upp”, which refers to picking up rubbish. Plogging usually contains running outside, with a bin liner or carry bag, while picking up rubbish which is thrown on the ground. The idea of plogging is mainly about environmental protection as well as physical health — to care for Mother Nature as well as your body.
As a workout, plogging is more useful than simply running, because it provides more body movements by adding bending and stretching. As 2018’s hottest way of fitness, plogging has grown in popularity in more than 40 countries.
Have you recently noticed people carrying trash bags while jogging? Or their hands filled with old plastic bottles? You might soon! Because plogging is making its way to the United States. It has been popular among exercisers who are tired of rubbish along their way.
“I’m not going to just let litter sit there. I’m not going to just walk past that plastic bottle,” said Emily Wright, a plogger in California.“I run a lot and I love to spend time in nature. It’s so easy to just bring the litter and put it in the nearest bin, and it makes you feel that you’re doing a difference!”
Laura Lindberg, who lives in New York, said a few months ago she learned about plogging and had what she called an “aha moment”. She has been plogging for several weeks along the Hudson River. “It makes me feel good for so many reasons,” Lindberg said. “Plogging not only helps the environment, it’s quite good for my health.”
Plogging is an easy, affordable way to get fit and help the environment at the same time. To join the wave, all you need is a pair of sports shoes and a rubbish bag, so what are you waiting for?
1. What is plogging according to the passage?A.A combination of jogging and litter. |
B.Picking up rubbish while jogging. |
C.Environmental protection and health. |
D.The Swedish phrase referring to rubbish. |
A.Experiment. | B.Exercise. |
C.Enjoyment. | D.Encouragement. |
A.To suggest they live happily in America because of plogging. |
B.To express plogging is environmentally friendly and healthy. |
C.To show American people have taken part in plogging. |
D.To describe they are interested in learning about plogging. |
A.To encourage more people to join in plogging. |
B.To show the popularity of plogging in the world. |
C.To introduce the importance of plogging. |
D.To offer some suggestions on plogging. |
【推荐3】Some exhibitions and new displays create lots of waste. So museums are increasingly aware of the role they have to play in dealing with that. At Manchester Museum, John Miller and Robert O’Conner have developed their own approach to creating a circle from the exhibition, to exhibition changeover, and back to the museum workshop, reusing materials in any way they can.
Holding different exhibitions and displays means that museums are often left with structures (结构体) that won’t be used again. At the end of an exhibition, John and Robert carefully take down and cut all materials into workable units, ready to be reused wherever needed. When Pinc College based at Manchester Museum needed new classrooms, the workshop team were able to use completely recycled materials to build them.
While it’s easy to think of new as being better, reusing materials doesn’t mean you can’t create beautiful displays. Last year, the museum placed Illuminating Nature, a surprising window display showing some objects under UV light. Almost every part of it was reused. The only thing that needed to be bought was the UV lights, proving you don’t need to spend much to create something impressive.
No matter how many materials you try to reuse there will always be something left over. Why not keep an eye out for charities or local groups who would welcome a donation? As with many museums, paint is often bought for an exhibition. And there will be a few extra cans left over. Manchester Museum usually takes them to Betel UK, a charity that supports people losing their jobs. The paint is used by Betel UK in their workshops for people to learn special skills and then refresh furniture (家具) which is then sold in their shops.
The impressive efforts of John and Robert are a shining example of a museum team that is establishing best practices and proving its determination to build a greener world. Their work inspires other teams to move away from the growth-model thinking that’s been influential in museums for the past twenty years.
1. What are John and Robert trying to do?A.Put on exhibitions on waste problems. |
B.Improve people’s interest in traditional art. |
C.Turn exhibition waste into something useful. |
D.Change people’s attitudes to museum exhibitions. |
A.To advertise the beautiful exhibition. |
B.To teach people to use UV lights properly. |
C.To show a successful case of material reuse. |
D.To encourage people to enjoy the beauty of nature. |
A.By storing it away for future use. |
B.By selling it to local people at a low price. |
C.By using it to decorate the museum again. |
D.By donating it to an organization in need of support. |
A.Their effectiveness has been questioned by other museums. |
B.They provide new ideas for the development of museums. |
C.They inspire more artists to hold creative exhibitions. |
D.Their limitations have been well removed. |
【推荐1】A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone’s airway can save their life while they’re waiting for emergency medical help. This means you’re more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.
There are many misconceptions surrounding first aid. Below are the "most popular" ones with details of what you should do.
Top four first aid misconceptions:
You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water—keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes
The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you wash away the body`s clotting agents(凝血剂)and make it bleed more. Instead, put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 911. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead, advise them to tilt(倾斜)their head forwards and ask them to pinch(捏)the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.
You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t—what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes to save someone`s life—whether it`s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
Remember that anyone can save a life.
1. The most important point to save an airway blocked person’s life is to________.A.keep his airway open |
B.ensure the ambulance’s arriving time |
C.keep the surroundings quiet |
D.ask for emergency medical help immediately |
A.put some cream on the burn area |
B.heat up some butter for the burn |
C.place the burn under cold running water |
D.wash the affected area for a long time |
A.It will help the bleeding stop at once. |
B.The wound will help produce more clotting agents. |
C.It will produce more pressure on the wound. |
D.The wound will bleed more and it is hard to stop the bleeding. |
A.When a person’s nose bleeds, please put the head back. |
B.You can learn first aid quickly in different ways. |
C.When a person is burnt, keep pressure on the burn until help arrives. |
D.Not everyone can do first aid to save a life. |
A.how to learn first aid by yourself |
B.some misunderstandings about first aid |
C.the importance of first aid |
D.how to help the medical team save a life |
【推荐2】Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet?
Pandas today don’t eat meat. However, they’ve kept much of their meat-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的), lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return.
The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change.
Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this, they have developed a long “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (隆起物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down (锉平) food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo.
Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals.
1. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To illustrate the variety of food. |
B.To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas. |
C.To describe the changes of living environment. |
D.To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system. |
A.The low-metabolic ability. | B.The amino acids in meat. |
C.The Taslrl gene’s inactivation. | D.The supplies of bamboo. |
A.Seizing bamboo shoots. | B.The low energy return. |
C.Developing more fingers. | D.The vegetarian diet. |
A.Pandas’ adaptation to the new environment. |
B.Pandas’ evolutionary reason and feature in eating. |
C.Pandas’ unique lifestyle. |
D.Pandas’ special appearance. |
【推荐3】The Ice Cream Machine is no ordinary tale. It’s a flavorful (好味道的) book made up of six stories, all of which have the same title, but each has a different story centering on one subject, ice cream.
One ice-cream story focuses on a boy and his robot in the distant future. Another is about a father and daughter who invent an ice-cream machine. My favorite story in the book talks about two sisters, Pam and Penelope, who try to enter an ice-cream-eating contest. The six stories go with black-and-white illustrations (插图) from six different artists.
The Ice Cream Machine is inventive and fun. Its author, Adam Rubin, has a lot of experience when it comes to writing about food. His most famous children’s book is Dragons Love Tacos. It was a No.1 New York Times best-seller. “I like to write about food because it’s universally beloved by people of all different cultures,” Rubin says. “It’s something we can all relate to.”
Rubin hopes The Ice Cream Machine inspires kids to write. Its jacket turns into an envelope in which readers can send him their stories. Rubin says writers should write about things they like. “If you’re trying to write something that someone else likes, you might not get it right. Then no one’s happy,” he says. “But if you focus on writing about something that you like, then it’s fun. When it makes you happy, your writing will bring joy.”
I recommend The Ice Cream Machine to anyone who likes creative storytelling. The book goes down just like ice cream: smooth, enjoyable, and with a pleasant aftertaste.
Rubin’s favorite flavor of ice cream? “Chocolate chip,” he says. Don’t tell him, but the best flavor is actually birthday cake!
1. Why does Adam Rubin like writing about food?A.People around the world show interest in food. | B.Many different books focus on food. |
C.Food is the symbol of different cultures. | D.Food is the material base of human life. |
A.Something connected with food. |
B.What other people like. |
C.What happens to them. |
D.Something they enjoy. |
A.It has six stories with different titles. | B.It contains many colorful illustrations. |
C.It is a No. 1 New York Times best-seller. | D.It is written in a style of creative storytelling. |
A.My Favorite Story in a Book | B.Six Flavors in One Book |
C.The Best Flavor of Ice Cream | D.The Writer of No. 1 Best-seller |