The Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA)
The 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA)found that high school students from the Chinese mainland ranked No. 1 in all three core subjects.
PISA tests are conducted every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD).
PISA 2018 tested around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions in reading, science and mathematics.
The first PISA was carried out in 2000. China has participated in the study every time since 2009, when students from Shanghai were selected as representatives and came out as champions in all three categories.
China’s overall ranking dropped to No. 10 in 2015 when it was represented by Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong that year. The country placed 27th in reading, sixth in mathematics and tenth in science then.
Responding to disputes that a few eastern regions cannot show the whole educational picture of the world’s most populous country, the OECD said that each of them is comparable in size to many Western countries, and have a combined population of over 180 million. It added that even 10% of the most disadvantaged students in these four provinces showed better reading skills than the most advantaged students in some countries, and better performance than the average student in OECD countries.
A.The main focus this time was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers. |
B.In 2012, students from Shanghai took the tests again and finished top in all areas as well. |
C.Besides academic assessments, PISA also asked performers about their well-being. |
D.In the latest survey, students from Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang managed to regain first place in all three categories. |
E.The study examines what 15-year-olds know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. |
F.However, the survey also indicated that Chinese students spend the longest time—about 57 hours per week—on study. The average figure among OECD countries is 44. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Recently a growing number of foreign universities,such as the University of Cambridge,are accepting China’s gaokao results as one of their admission standards. Is the Chinese college entrance exam being recognized globally?Forum readers share their opinions:
Cecilia Zhang(China)
The gaokao is a really tough exam. If possible,it can be used as one of the indicators(指标)for foreign universities,in addition to other indicators,such as how well they speak the target language. The students,who perform well in the gaokao,also have the ability to successfully adapt to Western styles of education. I believe accepting the gaokao as an indicator is a win-win for Chinese students and overseas universities.
Wchao37(US)
In fact,gaokao is perhaps much more difficult than the SAT or ACT exams. You can get a perfect score of 1600 on the SAT but not in the gaokao,partly because the SAT is a machine-scored multiple-choice exam. Do you know anyone that has ever achieved a perfect score in the gaokao?
Harry01(UK)
Hundreds of students from China have entered universities in the UK using their gaokao scores, which requires that their knowledge of English be above a certain level. This measure has benefited specific groups of students from various backgrounds in China.
Mbursian (Canada)
In order to attend a university in an English-speaking country, a student needs to have an acceptable band score on the IELTS. Most importantly, students need an acceptable knowledge of the language spoken in any country they plan to study in. Now the Chinese gaokao is closer to meeting the requirements of different countries.
1. Who believes accepting the Chinese gaokao is a win-win?A.Cecilia Zhang. | B.Wchao37. | C.Harry01. | D.Mbursian. |
A.The IELTS score. | B.Enough test preparation. |
C.The Chinese gaokao score. | D.Knowledge of the native language. |
A.The gaokao will replace other tests. |
B.The gaokao is becoming globally accepted. |
C.The gaokao is the most difficult of all tests. |
D.The University of Cambridge made a good decision. |
【推荐2】How to Improve Your Study Habits
Do you spend a lot of time studying, while the result is not so satisfying? Are you at a loss as how to improve your study? Have you been tired of studying all day? If your answers are “Yes”, just read on.
Plan your time in advance. Make a list of what you will do during the whole week. Then make a schedule of your time.
Find a good studying place. In order to improve your study efficiency, you must choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions.
Make it a regular habit to study. You are supposed to go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as the points you remain confused about.
In fact, there are many other techniques that might help you with your study. Discover them after you have tried and share the techniques that you have discovered with your classmates.
A.Attach great importance to tests. |
B.Adopt a good attitude towards tests. |
C.This will help you understand what the teacher will teach later. |
D.Of course, studying shouldn’t take up all of the free time on the schedule. |
E.When you begin to work, you will be able to concentrate on the subject. |
F.It will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play. |
G.With some efforts, even students of average intelligence can improve your study efficiency without additional work. |
【推荐3】How to Study Effectively
With pressure and competition rising in education, students nowadays are eager to find the best methods or tools to improve their academic scores. So, questions like “What is the best study method?” or “How can I learn knowledge faster?” arise in their minds.
Play the role of a teacher
A useful way to remember lessons is to explain them aloud to yourself. Once you learn a study material, try to explain it to yourself or your friends as your teachers explain it to you. This will help you to clear your confusion related to the lesson.
Many students face a challenge like “Why can’t I remember what I’ve studied?”.
Absorb information in smaller chunks (块)
Last but not the least, these tips on how to study effectively can only work if there is enough motivation and willpower to do well. You have to motivate yourself to reach the study goals.
A.Work out before studying |
B.You can call your parents for help |
C.Start with your toughest assignments |
D.It has a lot to do with the brain getting too tired |
E.Think about how you memorize a phone number |
F.The following are some of the best tips on how to study effectively |
G.Also, you can ask yourself questions just like your teachers would ask you |
【推荐1】Across vast areas of the tropics (热带地区) from Southeast Asia to Africa, forests have been cut down in recent decades, but at least in some areas reforestation efforts have been made to take in carbon (碳).
It remains to be seen, however, whether these newly planted forests will manage to survive in the face of changing climate, which will bring more intense heat, lengthened droughts, and occasional wildfires.
To find out, scientists from the University of Hong Kong decided to run hundreds of computer models to explore various results under different conditions. The key aim of the study was to see if carbon stored in these regrown forests would remain locked up, and they have found this will likely be the case even under the most severe climate conditions.
“Our computer models show in many parts of the tropics reforestation is worth it, because these new forests should be able to survive until the end of the century and continue to store extra carbon from the atmosphere in the process,” explains Jed Kaplan, a professor at the university.
However, the role of newly planted forests as a carbon collector in the tropics will have only a limited effect on climate change, especially because many existing forests in the tropics will struggle in the face of rising temperatures and are already losing their ability to store carbon, “Massive tree planting won’t be enough to avoid climate disaster, but it can play a role. And if done with biodiversity and the people who call these forests home, reforestation can have many benefits,” says Alexander Koch, the other author of the study.
“So far we have only been able to look at carbon, but other aspects such as biodiversity in restored forests are also impacted by climate change. Assessing those impacts will be the next step,” he adds.
1. What is the discovery of the study?A.Changing climate will bring about many natural disasters. |
B.Reforestation is of great benefit to biodiversity in the tropics. |
C.Regrown forests will store carbon even in the face of climate change. |
D.The chance of newly planted forests surviving tough conditions is slim. |
A.Worried. | B.Doubtful. | C.Disappointed. | D.Favourable. |
A.Reforestation is useless in stopping climate change. |
B.More measures should be taken as well as reforestation. |
C.The carbon in the atmosphere will increase in the future. |
D.Existing forests can no longer take in carbon from the air. |
A.It takes all the factors into account. | B.It still needs to be further improved. |
C.It fails to achieve the expected result. | D.It provides a way to avoid climate change. |
【推荐2】The holiday season is a joyful time — packed with parties and traditions. But for millions of Americans living with depression, anxiety, addiction or other mental illnesses, the season can be especially challenging. According to a survey by National Alliance on Mental Illness, about 64% of those with mental illness say that the holidays make things worse. Therefore, it's imperative that we look out for friends, family and community members who struggle with mental health to assist them.
As a neuroscientist studying the brain biology of depression and anxiety, I am encouraged by the new tools and available behavioral treatments, but these treatments are only helpful if
people access them. Too often, fear of judgment and pressures from peers, employers, or family members cause many to avoid mental health services.
The holiday season is actually a perfect time to fight mental health problems. We can all watch out for signs of mental illness and depression in friends and loved ones — including feelings of worry or sadness, and extreme changes in mood.
All of us can play a role in relieving mental health problems, caring for one another, and encouraging each other to seek out professional help. In addition to one-on-one support, we can go a step further to build support networks.
People who recently attended a conversation shared personal stories about their mental health journeys. Attendees received input from mental health professionals and local resource groups. Many said they had waited for years to talk about these topics but had no place to discuss them. And they felt better informed about resources for addressing mental health challenges, hoping this kind of respectful, honest and informative conversation can take place in communities across the country.
1. What does the underlined word "imperative'' in paragraph 1 mean?A.Essential. | B.Sensitive. |
C.Improper. | D.Unnecessary. |
A.The features of mental illness. |
B.The categories of mental illness. |
C.The reasons for people's refusal of treatment. |
D.The importance of the new tools and treatments. |
A.A private diary. | B.A health magazine. |
C.A popular novel. | D.A travel guidebook. |
A.Be the Best 一 You Can Make It. |
B.People in need of health services. |
C.My experience in dealing with mental illness. |
D.A challenging season for those with mental illness. |
【推荐3】The green and red watermelon is a sweet, refreshing summer snack. But it wasn’t always so sugary or brightly colored. So what did watermelons originally taste and look like, and from where did they come?
The fruit isn’t from the Fertile Crescent of ancient Mesopotamia, as so many other domesticated (家养的) crops are, research shows. Susanne Renner, a scientist, and her colleagues carried out comprehensive genetic sequencing (基因测序) of the domesticated watermelons — the kind you might find on supermarket shelves — along with six wild watermelon species.
“We found the modern genomes (基因组) of the domesticated watermelon are more closely related to the Sudanese wild type than any other that we analyzed,” she said. The Sudanese wild watermelon has some obvious differences from the domesticated version. “The flesh is white and not very sweet, and it’s mainly used as animal feed,” Renner said. Nevertheless, the genetic similarity between the two species led the researchers to conclude that the Sudanese fruit is probably a precursor (前身) to the red and sweet domesticated watermelon.
It’s likely that ancient farmers grew non-bitter varieties of the wild watermelon and thus increased its sweetness over many generations through the domestication process. The red color is probably also thanks to artificial selection, in which farmers likely favored and selectively bred red fruit.
We already knew that the ancient Egyptian king Tutankhamun was buried with watermelon seeds 3,300 years ago, yet that isn’t sufficient proof of a domesticated, sweet watermelon. But then, Renner found an image of a watermelon-like fruit on an ancient Egyptian tomb painting, thought to be more than 4,300 years old. In a separate tomb, another image showed the watermelon cut up in a dish alongside other sweet fruits. This realization, coupled with Renner’s genetic findings, suggests that the watermelon was most likely domesticated around that time either in Egypt or within trading distance of the ancient empire.
“Historically speaking, that’s a very significant finding,” said Hanno Schaefer, a professor of plant biodiversity. “It’s becoming clearer that we’ve greatly neglected the North African region. We’ve focused too much on the Fertile Crescent and we need to invest more resources into studying the agriculture of North Africa.”
1. What can we learn about the Sudanese wild watermelon?A.It is brightly colored and sugary. |
B.It is consumed mainly by animals. |
C.It has no connection with the domesticated type. |
D.It has more differences than similarities to the domesticated type. |
A.More resources will be devoted to agriculture research in South Africa. |
B.The domesticated watermelon has a history of at least four thousand years. |
C.The domesticated watermelon probably developed from the Sudanese type. |
D.Few domesticated crops are from the Fertile Crescent of ancient Mesopotamia. |
A.The history of the Sudanese wild watermelon. |
B.Where wild watermelons actually come from. |
C.The characteristics of domesticated watermelons. |
D.How domesticated watermelons came into being. |
A.Favorable. | B.Doubtful. | C.Critical. | D.Tolerant. |