The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly equal to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile environment. Temperatures range from +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade. There is no air, and no water.
The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it ideal for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold are an example.
The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one. Geologists can explore the history and composition of the satellite. Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on the earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system.
| A．Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon. |
| B．It is almost impossible to create suitable environment for human beings to live in. |
| C．Physicians will suggest the modification of DNA to create organisms better able to function in the environment on the moon. |
| D．Today there are many scientific assumptions about living on the moon. |
| E．Astronomers can use their telescopes and radio telescopes free of atmospheric and man-made fault. |
| F．The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay alive. |
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【推荐1】Ingvar Kamprad, who started IKEA as a teenager, died at the age of 91. He built one of the world’s biggest furniture companies.
There are two aspects of modern life that we have IKEA to thank for: flat-pack (平板包装) furniture and a hop layout.
IKEA first brought out its flat-pack furniture in the 1950s. Whether you love or hate this concept, it was a stroke of genius and an effective way of making the masses value the brand. Obvious aspects of it are cost-efficiency and the practicality of shipping.
When IKEA made the switch away from selling furniture that was already assembled, it was most likely unaware of how it would influence its consumers. Yet scientists have since managed to explain why consumers simply can’t get enough of building their own furniture. The simple act of touching products can increase your overall perceived (感知到的) value of the product. Couple this with the fact that the more effort a consumer has put into building something the more they like it.
Tests have shown that the actual act of putting something together (even though here may be sweat and tears involved) so that it becomes a complete object produces a much more favorable perception of that object than one would get from purchasing it in a complete form. The phenomenon is known as the IKEA effect. This effect is further improved by the fact that touch itself is related to emotion. This means that when we touch something the emotive part of our brain is activated so that we experience a close connection with the product emotionally. Thus, the happy assembler of that flat pack will, once finished, feel proud of their achievement and experience feelings of being closely connected to the item.
The layout of the IKEA store has also paved the way for a more creative way of thinking about how to guide customer. If you have ever visited one of its huge warehouse (仓库) stores, you may have gone in thinking you were going to buy a few items, only to find yourself coming out of the store with a shopping cart full of things. This is because of its circular design and one-way system. This design means you often can’t see what is coming next and fear you will miss something if you don’t continue all the way along the path.
IKEA’s creative ability to tap into the unconsciousness of consumer is undoubtedly a big part of its success—and also why it’s been copied by many other companies. Even though Ingvar Kamprad is no longer with us, IKEA has inherited from him a spirit of thinking outside the box to communicate with consumers. It will be interesting to see what follows next.
1. What can we learn about Ingvar Kamprad?| A．He preferred to sell furniture rather than produce it. |
| B．He set up IKEA with the help of a couple of psychologists. |
| C．He was aware that his ideas would influence customers and other companies. |
| D．His idea of flat-pack furniture has made his company popular with the public. |
| A．packed up | B．ordered beforehand |
| C．fit together | D．torn apart |
| A．Flat-packed products. | B．Large-sized layout. |
| C．Free-accessed shopping. | D．Round-shaped route. |
| A．meet people’s needs | B．promote its own sales |
| C．catch others’ imagination | D．improve the shopping experience |
【推荐2】What is the secret of happiness? A new study finds that happiness comes from exercise. People who exercise actively bring themselves happiness equal to earning an extra $ 25,000 a year.
Instead of recording extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well—being than those who are inactive-and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn $ 25,000 more per year.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1.2milion Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past30 days. for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems?” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling. The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, while inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days.
All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities （that is to say, team sports such as football, basketball, etc） had an even more positive effect, which can best help people relax mind.
It is possible for some to get too much exercise. From Business Insider's report on the study. “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren't particularly physically active.” The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week. lasting 30 to 60 minutes each.
But the conclusion should be that any amount helps, so don't stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden than not exercising.”
1. The question asked in Paragraph one is meant to ______.| A．introduce the researchers | B．tell the secret |
| C．draw a conclusion | D．lead to the topic |
| A．Running | B．Walking alone. | C．Playing football | D．Keeping fit in the gym. |
| A．people who exercise actively may feel bad for about 35 days per year. |
| B．The more exercise you take, the higher mental health burden you will get. |
| C．overdoing exercising will do harm to people's mental health. |
| D．doing exercise is better than not doing it. |
| A．Exercise can bring as much pleasure as an income rise. |
| B．The secret of happiness has nothing to do with wealth. |
| C．Choosing the right form of exercise is of vital importance. |
| D．The key to keep young is to exercise regularly. |
【推荐3】Dive into the classical world via the remains of an ancient merchant ship that dates all the way back to 5 BC as Greece is constructing its first underwater museum.
Some of Greece’s vast heritage of ancient shipwrecks are accessible to the public (divers and non-divers) for the first time ever in a series of underwater museums. The first opened on August 3, allowing visitors to explore the “Peristera shipwreck”, which has been at the bottom of the Aegean Sea for more than two thousand years after it sank in the 5th century BC near the northern Greek island of Alonissos. Since a fisherman discovered the ship in 1985, it has remained off-limits to the public but now visitors can explore it by sea or by virtual reality.
Researchers believe it’s the most important shipwreck from the classical era. It had been believed that a trading ship of that type didn’t exist until the Roman era some 400 years later. So when it was discovered years ago, it completely changed our understanding of shipbuilding in the ancient world.
Experts have yet to determine how or why it sank although there are some indications that a fire may have broken out. It’s believed that it was carrying 4, 000 vases of wine when it sank, most of which are still lying on the seabed, along with fishes and some little creatures who now call it home.
Greece had banned diving until 2004 or so, due to worries that undersea ancient heritage would be taken away but now the country is wholeheartedly hugging its rich underwater heritage. Access to the Peristera shipwreck is available through a new project that will create underwater museums across the Greek islands over the next two years. Divers will be able to tour the shipwreck with licensed guides and non-divers can feel like they’re underwater with virtual reality information centres on land.
1. What is the main idea of the text?| A．An underwater museum is under construction. |
| B．An ancient merchant ship is discovered. |
| C．Greece is trying to protect its heritage. |
| D．Divers are interested in Greece. |
| A．For about 2,000 years. | B．For about 400 years. |
| C．For about 40 years. | D．For about 20 years. |
| A．It carried 4,000 vases of valuable wine. |
| B．It becomes the first underwater museum. |
| C．It corrected some of our misunderstanding. |
| D．It is the oldest merchant ship in the world. |
| A．Some virtual reality equipment is on the ship. |
| B．All the visitors need to stay underwater to visit. |
| C．A fire must have broken out on the ancient ship. |
| D．There is more than one way to visit the museum. |
【推荐1】 “This is the next revolution in flying,”says Mark Henning, European managing director of AutoFlight, a Chinese firm. Mr Henning is not alone in betting that electric vertical(垂直的)take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft have a bright future. The idea is that, being simpler, cheaper, greener and quieter than traditional helicopters, eVTOLs will be well suited to operate short-range passenger services across large urban areas, such as flying people between airports and city centres.
Now, Mr Henning is setting up an operation at Augsburg Airport in Germany to further the development of Prosperity I, the company’s air taxi. Prosperity I can seat three passengers and a pilot. It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors(旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller(螺旋桨)at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lit via the wings. This arrangement makes better use of the aircraft’s battery, giving Prosperity I a range of some 250 km.
A model will be test-flown in Germany in order to obtain what is known as a type certificate from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency(EASA). This signifies the airworthiness of a new aircraft. Although AutoFlight is also seeking certification in China, the company thinks the addition of European approval will help speed the machine’s entry into service in other markets, too. It hopes to complete the approval process by 2025.
There is uncertainty about how the rules will differ from place to place. Nonetheless, enough regulatory progress has been made. In America, Joby Aviation hopes next year to become the first to obtain a type certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA). In Europe, Volocopter, a German firm, hopes to provide air-taxi services for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris.
It is not only new firms which are getting into the business. Airbus is developing ideas for eVTOLs. So is Boeing. With so much effort and money going into this new form of air travel, some of these birds will surely be flying soon.
1. What will eVTOLs be used to do?| A．Deliver goods in airports. | B．Carry passengers across cities. |
| C．Function as charging stations. | D．Replace traditional helicopters. |
| A．mixture | B．symbol |
| C．concept | D．application |
| A．Obtain a type certificate from the FAA. | B．Have it tested across the sky of America. |
| C．Tailor a set of rules as soon as possible. | D．Get it approved by European authorities. |
| A．A Role of eVTOL in Machine Industry | B．A Novel Form of Air Service in City |
| C．A New Version of Boeing’s Evolution | D．How to Win the Certificate from EASA |
【推荐2】My name is Kobus Vermeulen. On February 16, 2015, I was one of five South Africans among the 100 people selected by Mars One to begin training to live on the Red Planet. The Dutch not-for-profit’s aim is simple: build a human colony(殖民地) on Mars. Since I have begun this journey, the one question that people ask me most is why I want to leave a good planet for wasteland. Here is why.
I have been interested in Mars since I was a child, and I always thought that if I had the opportunity to leave the planet, I would take it. So the why begins with a child’s dream.
However, as I grew, so did the why. In my eyes, since the 1970s the public has stopped trying to learn more about space. We’ve put our dream aside. We’re satisfied with getting our dose(一份) of the future from sci-fi movies and comic books. And so the first part of my motivation(动机) is to get people thinking about space travel and the colonization(殖民化) of other planets in real terms again instead of just as sci-fi visions of the future.
If we want that future, the truth is that we have to build it, and anything worth doing comes with risks. Somebody has to take the risks, and I, along with thousands of other people, am willing to take them.
But it goes deeper than that. If the task of Mars One is even partially(部分地) successful, it will encourage a new generation of scientists and engineers that will build us an even better future.
Without a dream, there is no reason to build those things. The public that does not try to understand science and technology does not choose good leaders. Leaders who don’t care for science and technology do not make budgets(预算) for it. Besides, without the money, the dream dies. Projects like Mars One are like a focusing lens(聚焦透镜) for dreams. It is an opportunity to change hearts and minds at the grassroots level.
1. What goal does Mars One want to achieve?| A．To find life on Mars. | B．To build colonies on Earth. |
| C．To send astronauts to Mars. | D．To help humans settle on Mars. |
| A．living on another planet in space |
| B．living a comfortable life on Earth |
| C．creating sci-fi movies and comic books |
| D．realizing the colonization of other nations |
| A．risky but worthwhile | B．costly and helpless |
| C．safe and interesting | D．too dangerous and useless |
| A．help change his heart and mind |
| B．help him become a famous scientist |
| C．help lead to a better future for humans |
| D．encourage people to protect the earth better |
【推荐3】On Nov. 16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm . A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1, 500 pieces of space debris (残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28, 000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3, 500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.
Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere, where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).
1. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.| A．plants | B．soil | C．space debris | D．food |
| A．eight times | B．nine times | C．seven times | D．six times |
| A．It gets cleaned. | B．It gets rebuilt. | C．It gets old. | D．It gets broken. |
| A．There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris. |
| B．The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris. |
| C．Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years. |
| D．More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish. |
