【推荐1】There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet.     1    However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, but it is so much sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2021). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put it more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.

    2    The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.     3    You have to stop having sweet drinks altogether.

Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods.     4    They have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients (原料). Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or   dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation (适度) is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one，without too much or too little of any one thing.

Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time when you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.     5    It will also allow you to enjoy your food more.

A．Processed foods often contain less nutrition.

B．Don’t let food become the centre of your life.

C．Eating a large amount of food each time is not necessary.

D．Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks.

E．Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better.

F．In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts.

G．For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food.

【推荐2】A new study, published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.

In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better. However, people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward.

In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.

Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."

Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message. Each party is more present, and therefore, able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.

1. What is the purpose of the study?

A．To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking.

B．To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.

C．To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls.

D．To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing.

2. Which way will make you feel more connected if you miss a friend far away?

A．Typing a letter.	B．Sending an email.
C．Having a video chat.	D．Texting a message.

3. What does "a controlled form of communication" refer to in Paragraph 4?

A．A way to talk about controlled topics.	B．A way to communicate without time limit.
C．A way to explain something without delay.	D．A way to express thoughts without being disturbed.

4. What advantage does making phone calls over texting?

A．Being more formal.	B．Being less awkward.
C．Being more straightforward.	D．Being less expensive

【推荐3】Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.

But here is what scientists found recently: people’s music tastes change as they age, according to a study published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.

Researchers at the University of Cambridge, UK, collected data (资料) from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years. They noticed that as people age, their social circumstances (环境) change, and so does their music taste.

There are three musical periods that people pass through as they grow.

The first period comes in the teenage years, during which time people like punk and rock because teenagers want people to regard them as independent individuals (个体).

But as people move into early adulthood (成年), their lifestyle changes—they get to know more people and want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they prefer pop and R&B, which are often played at parties where people hang out together and chat.

When middle age comes, people like to listen to jazz and classical. They also like country, folk, and blues.

“During this period of life, many people often feel tired because of their work and family, and there is a requirement for relaxing and emotive (动情的) music,” said Jason Rentfrow, a research member.

But you must be thinking: “Aren’t there old people who still love rock music?” Of course there are. But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. “We use music for different reasons,” he said, and at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.

1. The underlined word “dull” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.

A．hot

B．sick

C．enjoyable

D．boring

2. Mike is twenty years old. What kind of music does he most probably like?

A．Pop.

B．Jazz.

C．Country.

D．Classical.

3. According to Jason Rentfrow, middle age is a period when people ________.

A．feel relaxed about their work	B．are under much stress
C．want to stay with their family	D．like all kinds of music

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for this passage?

A．Why Do People Listen to Music?	B．What Influences People’s Music Taste?
C．Do You Have a Talent for Music?	D．Do Young People Like Classical Music?

【推荐1】A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Heart Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.

Information from the Framingham study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.

John Cacioppo, a psychologist in the University of Chicago, led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.

Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.

The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.

The New York Times reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year and that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%, or two and a half fewer lonely days.

Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.

The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.

1. What is true about the Framingham study?

A．It was only conducted in 1948.

B．It involves more than 12,000 participants.

C．It was led by John Cacioppo.

D．It showed that any behavior could spread.

2. From the passage, we can learn that 　　　　.

A．the habit of littering doesn’t spread

B．a lonely person won’t have friends

C．everyone may be affected by others’ loneliness

D．lonely people don’t know the cause of their loneliness

3. If you make 10 more friends in a year, the days of your feeling loneliness will be reduced by 　　　　.

A．48 days

B．25 days

C．20 days

D．15 days

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Action should be taken to help lonely people.

B．People feel lonely for many reasons.

C．Ways to fight against loneliness.

D．Lonely people can affect others.

【推荐2】How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don’t forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you’re brushing long enough. “It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Several says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market.
Serval says that one day, it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush?

A．It can sense how users brush their teeth.

B．It can track users’school performance.

C．It can detect users’fear of seeing a dentist.

D．It can help users find their phones.

2. What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?

A．You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.

B．You should see your dentist on a day-to –day basis.

C．You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.

D．You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.

3. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?

A．It can be used to update mobile phones.

B．It can be used to play mobile phone games

C．It can send messages to other users

D．It can talk to its developers.

4. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．How Serval found out his kids lied to him.

B．Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.

C．How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.

D．What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush

5. What can we infer about Serval’s children?

A．They were unwilling to brush their teeth

B．They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.

C．They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.

D．They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.

6. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?

A．The brush handle will be removed.

B．A mobile phone will be built into it.

C．It will be used to fill holes in teeth

D．It will be able to check users’ teeth

【推荐3】The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal.

González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.

The authors assumed that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.

Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.

This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.

1. How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo?

A．With the help of wind and water.

B．With the help of migratory birds.

C．By adjusting themselves to the climate.

D．By relying on animals on land.

2. How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research?

A．By analyzing related data.

B．By conducting field research.

C．By interviewing experts.

D．By reviewing findings of previous studies.

3. What can we infer from paragraph 4?

A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal.

B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar.

C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.

D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically.

4. What could be the main idea for the text?

A．Impacts of climate change on migratory birds.

B．Different ways to redistribute plants to new climates.

C．Plants struggle to keep pace with climate change.

D．Migratory birds aid the redistribution of plants to new climates.