Parents annoyed by their little ones’ picky food choices often sigh in anger, thinking, “They’ll grow out of it by college.” Maybe not, suggests a new study from Bowling Green State University in Ohio. Some young people continue their picky eating into early adulthood, often restricting their diets to 10 food s or even fewer. Such a deficient diet can mean they’re not getting the fibre (纤维) and vegetables they need, which could be a health problem. The study also suggests picky eaters may also be experiencing other challenges such as social phobias (恐惧症), including around eating. The social phobia is the fear of being judged by others during everyday activities, often resulting in fear or embarrassment.
For the study, researchers surveyed 488 Midwestern college students. About 40% of the students were identified as picky eaters. And about 65% of those respondents said they ate fewer than 10 foods. “We asked participants to just tell us what challenges around picky eating might have had or any benefits they might see, and people answered differently in terms of what has an effect on them,” said co-author Lauren Dial, a doctoral student at Bowling Green State at the time of the study.
Many indicated they’d eat less or not at all outside the home. One 19-year-old man said he’d drink water half the time “due to my picky eating”, according to the study. Another 18-year-old said, “Sometimes there are some awkward comments when I am eating with my girlfriend and her family.” A 23-year-old woman said her parents would get frustrated at her refusal to try the foods she was served.
“Picky eating does have a lot to do with the presentation of foods (how they’re presented on a plate), and the texture (口感) of foods,” Dial said, “but there’s also fear of trying new foods and that might play into picky eating.” By learning more about picky eating in adults, the researchers said they may be able to determine how best to intervene (干预) before the problem becomes more severe for some people.
1. What can best replace the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 1?| A．High-fibre. | B．Low-fat. | C．Balanced. | D．Limited. |
| A．Record how often they eat out. |
| B．Ignore what influences their eating. |
| C．Express how picky eating affects them. |
| D．Count how many kinds of foods they prefer. |
| A．By presenting data. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By following time order. | D．By providing examples. |
| A．It has something to do with family traditions. |
| B．It can be easily cured by the researchers. |
| C．It can have both physical and mental reasons. |
| D．It often comes along with serious mental illnesses. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A large number of people in the world eat fast food. Whenever you go into a fast food restaurant, you can see lots of people enjoying their meals there. But do you know in which country people like fast food best?
The English people are the world's biggest fans (粉丝) of fast food, while the French (法国人) are the least interested in quick meals, according to a survey (调查) done last year.
The survey of thirteen countries shows 45% of the English people say they can't give up fast food because it's delicious. And 44% of Americans and 37% of Canadians say the same.
The French, proud (自豪的) of their delicious and highclass cuisine, don't like fast food. 81% of them think it is unhealthy, followed by 75% of the Japanese.
How about the Chinese? How often do you have hamburgers or fried chicken? It doesn't matter whether you like Western fast food or Chinese food. The most important thing is to keep a balanced (平衡的) diet.
1. From the survey we know ________ like fast food best.| A．the Chinese | B．the French |
| C．the Japanese | D．the English |
| A．37% | B．44% | C．75% | D．81% |
| A．it's cheap | B．it's safe |
| C．it's delicious | D．it's healthy |
【推荐2】That untouched plate and look of disgust on your child’s face at mealtime might be a sign of much bigger issues. Picky eating, even at moderate levels, is linked with psychiatric (精神疾病的) problems, including anxiety and depression in kids, according to a study in the journal Pediatrics. It found that the mental problems worsened as picky eating became more severe. The issue is serious enough that health care providers should intervene (干预), the paper concludes.
For parents, the issue can be a nightmare as children skip entire food groups like fruit and vegetables. “We need to do a better job of giving advice to these parents,” said Nancy Zucker, study co-author. “The first key message is that you are not to blame. The second key message is that it is more complicated than we think.”
The study screened more than 1,000 children aged 2 to 5, and found 20 percent were picky eaters. The researchers stress this goes beyond kids who just hate onions or have certain dislikes. More than 17 percent of kids were classified as moderate picky eaters: These children had a very limited range of foods they would eat and they would not try anything else. About 3 percent were considered severe picky eaters: Their sensitivities to smell or taste were so strong that even eating outside of the home was difficult. As they get older, it could be hard for them to go out with friends or eat at school.
Picky eaters are more sensitive to the smell of food, and have a stronger sense of disgust than other kids, the study found. This ability to experience the world more intensely may also make it harder for them to control their emotions or focus, the researchers suggest. “These are just sensitive kids, they see things more intently (专注地), they feel things more deeply and that is both in their own internal experience and the world around them. So they have more vulnerabilities (脆弱性) to experience taste more vividly, but also more emotions more strongly,” Zucker said.
The researchers also note that the term picky eating may now be obsolete (过时的). They suggest that the condition might be better described as avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
1. The study tends to indicate that mild picky eating ____.| A．doesn’t affect kids’ health or lessons |
| B．may not be caused by mental problems |
| C．is unavoidable to become more severe |
| D．is also harmful and should be treated timely |
| A．should have done more for their kids |
| B．should give more advice to their kids |
| C．must have their kids eat more fruit and vegetables |
| D．don’t need to feel guilty about their kids’picky eating |
| A．Picky eaters are weaker and not very determined. |
| B．Picky eaters can’t control their emotions or behaviours. |
| C．Picky eaters are more sensitive to the world around them. |
| D．Picky eating affects a person’s contact with others seriously. |
| A．Picky eating is actually a disease, not a habit. |
| B．ARFID is a much more technical expression. |
| C．The term picky eating has been used for too long. |
| D．The term picky eating tends to hurt kids’feelings. |
【推荐3】As a Chinese saying goes, “Taste is actually a memory of childhood”. Local specialty food may not be popular among all people, but it offers outsiders a glimpse of local culture and history.
Gongcheng “oil tea” is such a kind of food that would be considered “weird” by many first-time visitors to the remote county in the north of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Many people dislike its bitter and astringent（涩的）flavor when they take a sip.
“It felt like drinking Chinese herbal medicine. I never expected that I would gradually accept it afterwards, and even become addicted to it,” said a traveler surnamed Zhang who comes from Shijiazhuang in northern China’s Hebei province.
Langshan village is said to be birthplace of Gongcheng “oil tea” whose ideal ingredients are green tea and fermented（发酵）tea. The village has preserved well its buildings and roads dating back to late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), as well as its traditional way of making the special tea.
Lin Fengyou, 60, introduced the cooking process. She looks younger than her age, and attributes this to the benefits of drinking “oil tea” throughout the year.
The first procedure is to use a wooden hammer to pound the tea while heating it in an iron pot, and then add edible（可食用的）oil and boiled water afterwards. She filters off the solid residues（余渣）, and pours the glue-like green tea soup into bowls. Then, she adds salt, caraway seed（葛缕子籽）, green onion, dried rice, fried groundnuts, sliced taro（芋头）and fried beans.
The taste of the “oil tea” is a mixture of the distinctive（特有的）flavors of all its ingredients. Local people usually eat it together with glutinous rice（糯米）balls, rice dumplings and glutinous rice cake.
The villagers consume “oil tea” three times a day. The tea soup is a healthy and refreshing food. “The tea soup to us is coffee to Westerners”, said Lin. “But it is tastier.”
1. Many first-time visitors may find “oil tea” ________ when taking a sip.| A．popular | B．beneficial |
| C．addicted | D．strange |
| A．She thinks drinking “oil tea” throughout the year makes her look younger. |
| B．She is one of the reasons why the special tea has been preserved. |
| C．She never expected that she would gradually accept “oil tea”. |
| D．She drinks “oil tea” three times every day and considers coffee tastier. |
a. pour the glue-like green tea soup into bowls
b. heat the tea in an iron pot and pound the tea
c. add salt, caraway seed, green onion, dried rice, etc
d. add edible oil and boiled water
e. filter off the solid residues
| A．acebd | B．dbace |
| C．bdeac | D．beadc |
| A．Culture & Education | B．Entertainment |
| C．Health | D．Travel |
【推荐1】How to deal with emotional eating
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. When done a lot, especially without realizing it, emotional eating can affect weight, health and overall well-being.
Find proper ways to handle the situations and feelings that make you turn to food. For example, do you come home from school each day and automatically head to the kitchen? Stop and ask yourself, “Am I really hungry? Is my stomach growling? Am I having difficulty concentrating?”
Find help, even when we understand what's going on. It's not easy, especially when we understand that emotional eating has already led to weight and self-esteem issues. So don't go it alone when you don't have to.
Talk to your doctor if worried about eating habit.
| A．Thus keeping more time to relax. |
| B．So let's find some ways to face it. |
| C．You can take advantage of expert help. |
| D．Write down the emotions that cause you eating. |
| E．If you have more chances to eat, just resist the food you like. |
| F．If these signs point to hunger, choose something light and healthy. |
| G．They can professionally help you get a healthier relationship with food. |
【推荐2】It’s considered to be the most important meal of the day, but do you really take the time to put together a healthy meal first thing in the morning? If you’re watching your weight, skipping breakfast will damage your efforts to lose weight.
Making breakfast a habit may not be easy. Use these tips to make eating breakfast a habit:
Get up earlier.
Plan your meals ahead of time.
Be selective. Buy a handful of ingredients to put together a healthy breakfast yourself, instead of relying on prepared breakfast food and snacks.
| A．The fresher the food, the better. |
| B．Breakfast is the first meal of the day. |
| C．Eat breakfast around your workout schedule. |
| D．Developing the habit of eating breakfast is important. |
| E．Eating breakfast can reduce your hunger later in the day. |
| F．Being rushed for time is a common excuse to skip breakfast. |
| G．Make sure you include a variety of healthy food choices for breakfast. |
【推荐3】Processed foods like chips, sodas and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar, and fat. Now, scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans.
Scientists have already linked low-cost, packaged foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Obesity increases the risk of many health problems. Three recent studies offer more clues on how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
The researchers created a system that places foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made mostly of industrialized materials and additives(添加剂). Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets(鸡肉块) are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can seem healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
Researchers conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people ate about 500 more calories a day when fed mostly processed foods. That is compared to when the same people were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be observed. In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death in general.
When fed less processed foods, people in the study produced more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the reaction is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly. Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He said that processed foods were usually softer and easier to chew and swallow”. Hall noted the source of nutrients might make a difference. For example, fiber from fruit and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, especially for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. In addition, companies continually re-engineer products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
1. What kind of food do energy bars belong to?| A．Fairly health-friendly foods. | B．Especially beneficial foods. |
| C．Relatively high-cost foods. | D．Highly processed foods. |
| A．It does harm to people potentially. | B．It can often result in death. |
| C．It makes people get less calories. | D．It makes little difference to people’s health. |
| A．Fiber added to packaged foods. |
| B．Fiber from fruit and vegetables |
| C．Highly processed foods like instant noodles. |
| D．Foods made mostly of industrial materials and additives. |
| A．Different Kinds of Processed Foods |
| B．Recent Studies on Processed Foods |
| C．How Bad Processed Foods Are! |
| D．Advantages and Disadvantages of Processed Foods |
【推荐1】Most musicians agree that the best violins were made in Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. They even sound better than violins made today. Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old Italian violins. But they aren’t the same. Why are these old Italian violins so special? Many people think they have an answer.
Some people think it is the age of the violins. But there is a problem here. Not all old violins sound wonderful. Only those from Cremona are special. So age cannot be the answer.
Other people think the secret to those violins is the wood. It must be from certain kinds of trees. It must not be too young or too old. Perhaps the violin makers of Cremons knew something special about wood for violins.
But the kind of wood may not be so important. It may be more important to cut the wood in a special way. Wood for a violin must be cut into the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. Musicians sometimes think that this is the secret of the Italians.
Size and shape may not be the answer either. Scientists make new violins that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new ones still do not sound as good as the old ones. Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish (清漆), which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny. It also helps the sound of the instrument. Since no one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish, no one can make the same varnish today.
There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona. And there are not many of the old violins left. So these old violins are becoming more and more precious.
1. What would be the best title for the passage?| A．The Secrets of Cremona Violins |
| B．The History of Italian Violins |
| C．Special Musical Instruments |
| D．How to Make the Best Violins |
| A．list some facts | B．raise a question |
| C．give an opinion | D．offer an answer |
| A．The shape. | B．The size. |
| C．The wood. | D．The varnish. |
| A．Modern things are always better than ancient ones. |
| B．Ancient things are always better than modern ones. |
| C．Once a cultural relic is lost, it can never be recovered. |
| D．Varnish for violins will become more and more precious. |
【推荐2】If a scientist’s first language is not English, would it be truly difficult to publish an article in an international journal? Recent study looked at tons of scientific journals in the field of biology and found that they don’t do much to help scientists who are not native English speakers. The study found most of these journals judge articles based on how well they are written in English. This can be a problem for scientists who are not fluent in English because they have to work harder to make sure their papers can be published in international journals.
“The role of journals is huge because they can be a source of language barriers (障碍), but they also have the ability to solve many of the barriers,” says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher. He added that though some journals have started to offer tools to help scientists whose first language is not English, such examples are still rare.”
Another study by Amano found that non-native English speakers are more likely to have their papers rejected because of writing issues compared to native English speakers. This shows that the language unfairness in journals can have serious consequences for scientists who are not native English speakers.
So apart from waiting for the journals, what can non-native scientists do? One solution is to work with other scientists from English-speaking countries. They can help to check the writing skillfully to double the possibility of being published by the international journal.
1. What do most international journals judge articles based on?| A．The nationality of the author. | B．The influence of the scientists. |
| C．The fluency of English writing. | D．The quality of the research result. |
| A．Published. | B．Praised. | C．Refused. | D．Recognized. |
| A．Work with native English scientists. | B．Ask publishers for help to check errors. |
| C．Improve English before writing a paper. | D．Practice reading and writing in daily life. |
| A．A Success in the Field of Biology Study |
| B．Scientists Unfairly Treated by Language Issues |
| C．The Advantages of Publishing Papers in English |
| D．Scientists’ Growing Interest in Learning a Language |
【推荐3】The Nose on Your Face
The human nose gives to the languages of the world many interesting expressions. Of course, this is not surprising. Without the nose, we could not breathe or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special character.
In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example, to hold up one’s nose expresses a basic human feeling -pride. People can hold up their noses at people, things and places.
The phrase, to be led around by the nose show man’s weakness. A person who is led around by the nose lets other people control him. On the other hand, a person who follows his nose lets his instinct (直觉、本能) guide him.
For the human emotion of rejection, the phrase to have one’s nose put out of joint(接头) is very descriptive. The expression is not new. It was Used by Erasmus in 1542.
This is only a sampling of expressions in English dealing with the nose. There are a number of others. However, it should be as plain as the nose on your face that the nose is more than an organ (器官) for breathing and smelling!
1. This passage is about________| A．the human nose, an organ for breathing and smelling |
| B．the nose giving various expressions. |
| C．The nose is the part of the face |
| D．The nose that gives a person his special character |
| A．is happy | B．wants to smell a flower |
| C．is ill | D．feels hurt and rejected |
| A．it is easy to solve |
| B．it is a hard nut to crack |
| C．it is something quite easy to understand |
| D．there is a plain-looking nose on your face |
| A．breathing and smelling are the only two uses of it |
| B．the nose is more important than any other organ |
| C．more can be said of this human organ than its function of breathing and smelling |
| D．other organs also have a function of breathing and smelling |
