The tooth is the hardest part of your body. Your teeth help you in many ways. For example, they can help you talk. They can also help you have a great smile. And the most important job of your teeth is to chew (咀嚼) your food. But do you know how your teeth grow?
When you are born, you don’t have any teeth. About 8 months later, small teeth begin to appear one by one. These teeth are called baby teeth. They are also called milk -teeth. You won’t have baby teeth forever. They usually begin to fall out when a child is about 6 years old. Then, permanent (永久的) teeth begin to appear. These teeth are larger and more powerful. Most people will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years old.
For some people, four more permanent teeth arrive by their 25th. birthday. They are called wisdom teeth (智齿). But these teeth don’t make you smart! Sometimes they bring you pain. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you should go to a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled out.
1. Which part of your body is the hardest?A.The nose. | B.The tooth. | C.The leg. | D.The hand. |
A.to prepare food. | B.to cook food | C.to chew food | D.to protect food |
A.Baby teeth. | B.Adult teeth. | C.False teeth. | D.Big teeth. |
A.Go to a dentist and have it brushed. | B.Go to a dentist and have it pulled out. |
C.Go to a dentist and have it cleaned. | D.Go to a dentist and have it examined. |
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The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal (鼻腔的) nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. “The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself, and does so throughout life, and put it into an area that doesn’t repair itself,” Professor Raisman said.
Polish doctors injected the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka’s spinal cord above and below the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves.
Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990s, but this is his greatest success. “I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat that couldn’t control its hand put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realized then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true.”
Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt — it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realized.
David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe.
“What you’ve got to understand is that for three million paralysed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday,” he said.
1. Why did Professor Geoff Raisman choose cells from the nose?
A.The nervous system in the nose can repair itself. |
B.Cells in the nose can be easily transplanted. |
C.Cells in the nose re-produce rapidly. |
D.He just wanted to give it a try. |
A.His study on animals. |
B.His operation on a paralysed patient. |
C.His sudden thoughts about Christmas. |
D.His unusual experience with a sick rat. |
A.the world is becoming better and brighter |
B.paralysed people have the hope of recovery |
C.the report of the breakthrough will be published soon |
D.researchers across the globe will carry out the operation |
【推荐2】Only one in three adolescents are practising appropriate hand hygiene(卫生), a new global study involving University of Queensland researchers has found.
Dr Yaqoot Fatima from UQ’s Institute for Social Science Research said there was a renewed emphasis on adequate hand hygiene with COVID-19. “We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey from 92 countries across the six WHO regions to examine the prevalence (普遍)of hand hygiene practices in adolescents worldwide,” Dr Fatima said, “Our results highlight that globally, adolescents practice inadequate hand hygiene. Adolescents who reported unhealthy behaviours such as being more seated, smoking, and experiencing bullying at school were more likely to practise inappropriate hand hygiene than their peers. In comparison, parental support and bonding emerged as a key factor associated with adequate hand hygiene practices in adolescents.”
The researchers examined 354,422 adolescents aged 13–17 years to demonstrate the considerable cross-country variations in hand hygiene practices. Dr Fatima said that although access to soap and water was an issue, around 60 percent of adolescents were not practising appropriate hand hygiene even when they had access to water and soap. While access to handwashing facilities and knowledge of proper hygiene is important for practising adequate hand hygiene, the study showed that the knowledge-behaviour gap is a major reason for insufficient hand hygiene practices.
Bullying prevention at school, systematic combination of health and hygiene education in the school curriculum and peer-led behaviour could be strategies to reduce inappropriate hand hygiene practices in adolescents. The positive role of parental support and bonding suggests that interventions (干预) aiming to improve adolescent hand hygiene should focus on parents and seek their active involvement in designing and delivering those interventions. “With these strategies adopted properly, we are sure to raise public awareness of hand hygiene practices.” Dr Fatima said.
1. What can be inferred from Dr Fatima’s words in paragraph. 2?A.Adolescents in Queensland practice adequate hand hygiene. |
B.Adequate hand hygiene is reemphasized due to COVID-19. |
C.Adolescents practicing adequate hand hygiene are more likely to smoke. |
D.Parental support plays a limited role in adequate hand hygiene practices. |
A.Serious bullying problems at school. |
B.No access to handwashing equipment. |
C.Poor knowledge of appropriate hygiene. |
D.The gap between knowledge and behaviour. |
A.Confident. | B.Indifferent. |
C.Worried. | D.Ambiguous. |
【推荐3】The tooth is the hardest part of your body. Your teeth help you in many ways. For example, they can help you talk. They can also help you have a great smile. And the most important job of your teeth is to chew (咀嚼) your food. But do you know how your teeth grow?
When you are born, you don’t have any teeth. About 8 months later, small teeth begin to appear one by one. These teeth are called baby teeth. They are also called milk teeth. You won’t have baby teeth forever. They usually begin to fall out when a child is about 6 years old. Then, permanent (永久的) teeth begin to appear. These teeth are larger and more powerful. Most people will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years old.
For some people, four more permanent teeth arrive by their 25th birthday. They are called wisdom teeth (智齿). But these teeth don’t make you smart! Sometimes they bring you pain. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you should go to a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled out.
1. Which part of your body is the hardest?A.The nose. | B.The tooth. | C.The leg. | D.The hand. |
A.to prepare food | B.to cook food | C.to chew food | D.to protect food |
A.Baby teeth. | B.Adult teeth. | C.False teeth. | D.Big teeth. |
A.22. | B.24. | C.26. | D.28. |
A.Go to a dentist and have it brushed. |
B.Go to a dentist and have it pulled out. |
C.Go to a dentist and have it cleaned. |
D.Go to a dentist and have it examined. |
【推荐1】The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes.
“The ear is a good place to monitor,” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores.
To collect the gases, Johnson and his team selected earmuffs that make a tight seal with the head. These are the type people often wear to protect the ears from loud noise. His team made two holes in the muff covering one ear. A tube slowly pumped air in one hole. Another tube pulled air out of the second hole and sent it to a sensor.
In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk. The team invited three men. Each had to avoid drinking alcohol for at least three days before taking part. Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as the system recorded normal gas levels leaving their ears. Afterward, the men drank a big amount of alcohol. About 7 minutes later, the earmuff system tested out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. After 50 minutes, alcohol levels reached the peak and continued falling until the test was over.
The team then measured other gases by changing out the sensor. With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease. Later, they replaced the earmuffs with a one-eared version to make it a bit more comfortable.
Johnson imagines another possible benefit. The earmuff system could help doctors tell whether a child’s ear infections have been caused by bacteria or a virus. How? Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease.
1. What makes the ear a good place to monitor?A.Its small size. | B.Its thin skin. |
C.Its clean surface. | D.Its blood flow. |
A.Sensors should be examined in time. | B.Drunk-driving tests were ineffective. |
C.Serious diseases were difficult to identify. | D.Their system could be used to tell diseases. |
A.Collects. | B.Gives off. | C.Cuts off. | D.Uses. |
A.Politics. | B.Business. | C.Science. | D.Entertainment. |
【推荐2】Do you like watching movies? The following movies are coming on soon. Please check and find the one you like. Click the name of each movie to get more information.
Brahms: The Boy II
Horror | Mystery |Thriller
Soon after a family moves into the Heelshire Mansion, their only son makes friends with a life-like doll called Brahms.
Director: William Brent Bell
Stars: Katie Holmes, Ralph Ineson, Owain Yeoman, Christopher Convery
Little Joe
Drama | Sci-Fi
Alice, a single mother, is a devoted senior plant breeder at a corporation engaged in developing new species. Against the company policy, she takes one plant home as a gift for her teenage son, Joe. The plant was created by genetic engineering and anyone touching it will become strange. Director: Jessica Hausner:
Stars: Emily Beecham, Ben Whishaw, Kerry Fox, Kit Conor
The Aeronauts
Action | Adventure I Biography | Romance
Pilot Amelia Wren (Felicity Jones) and scientist James Glaisher (Eddie Redmayne) find themselves in a hard fight for survival while attempting to make discoveries in a gas balloon. Director: Tom Harper
Stars: Felicity Jones, Eddie Redmayne, Himesh Patel, Phoebe Fox
Apparition
Horror | Adventure
A group of young people, guided by an APP that connects the living with the dead, find themselves at an abandoned castle, a place with a horrific history tied to each of them, for reasons they’ll soon discover.
Director: Waymon Boone
Stars: Mena Suvari, Kevin Pollak, Megan West, Jon Abrahams
1. What can we learn about Brahms: The Boy II?A.William Brent Bell is in charge of it. |
B.Brahms can live a life as a man does. |
C.The audience may be amused by the movie. |
D.The story was created by William Brent Bell. |
A.Brahms; The Boy II. | B.The Aeronauts. |
C.Apparition. | D.Little Joe. |
A.They are liked by teenagers. |
B.Their plots are both horrible. |
C.They are played by young actors. |
D.Their characters all behave strangely. |
【推荐3】“O gentle sleep!\Nature’s soft nurse, how have I frightened thee\That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down.”Henry IV, as portrayed by Shakespeare, would have sympathized with people who struggle with insomnia (失眠). Now a major publisher has come up with a novel idea.
In a project to be launched this week, Penguin Random House has cooperated with the Sleep Council and the Children’s Sleep Charity in creating collections of “Sleep Tales” for adults and children. Combining “cutting-edge technology and the ancient art of storytelling to help solve an age-old problem”, these audiobooks are part soundscape, part descriptive narrative, with softly spoken voices to calm anxieties and take listeners to the land of nod.
Each story lasts about 15 minutes, enabling listeners to set their sleep timer. The stories draw on the Sleep Council’s research into sounds that help people wind down, such as waves lapping on a shore, soft rainfall and birdsong.
Richard Lennon, publisher at Penguin Audio, told the Guardian the project was inspired partly by the realization that increasing numbers of people were listening to audio books “as they’re going to sleep or as part of their bedtime routine”. He said both adults and children respond to something comforting and familiar as they are nodding off.
Asked whether a boring story could have the same effect, he said the stories needed to be “engaging enough not to put you off”: “This is about creating the right environment and headspace for you … to go to sleep. Strangely, if you’re bored, it doesn’t have that effect.” Audience research had been very positive, Lennon said. One listener reported: “The story made my mind stop racing.”
1. Why is the poem mentioned at the beginning of the passage?A.To introduce the works of Shakespeare. |
B.To appreciate the rhythm of the poem. |
C.To lead to the topic of the passage. |
D.To offer an example of people with insomnia. |
A.Their target readers are children. |
B.Every story is long and interesting. |
C.They are read vividly in different tones. |
D.They can make listeners sleepy. |
A.Not many people prefer listening to audio books before sleep. |
B.A boring story is more likely to make people sleepy. |
C.The environment is very important for reading stories. |
D.The audio books prove effective in helping people sleep in the research. |
A.Releasing audio books to send listeners to sleep |
B.The new trend of people’s reading habit |
C.Audio books are becoming more and more popular |
D.Ways to help people sleep easily |