Teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize (产生共鸣) with others is of great significance to children’s creativity, new research suggests.
Pupils at two inner London schools were involved in the study. Pupils at one school spent the year following curriculum-prescribed lessons, while the other group’s lessons used a set of engineering design thinking tools which aim to develop students’ ability to think creatively and to cause empathy, while solving real-world problems.
Pupils at the intervention school were asked to design an asthma-treatment “pack” for children aged six and under. Pupils were given various creative and empathetic “tools” in order to do so: for example, they were shown data about the number of childhood asthma deaths in the U.K., and a video which describes a young child having an attack. They also explored the problem and tested their design ideas by role-playing various stakeholder (参与方) — patients, family members and medical staff.
Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at both the start and end of the school year. The results showed a statistically significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention school, where the thinking tools were used. At the start of the year, the creativity scores of pupils in the control school, which followed the standard curriculum, were 11% higher than those at the intervention school. By the end, however, the situation had completely changed: creativity scores among the intervention group were 78% higher than the control group.
Nicholl, the leading researcher of the study, said, “Teaching for empathy has been problematic despite being part of the National Curriculum for over two decades. This evidence suggests that it is a missing link in the creative process, and vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow.”
1. What were pupils at the intervention school asked to do?A.Watch the process of an asthma attack. |
B.Gather data about asthma deaths in children. |
C.Show sympathy for the young asthma sufferers. |
D.Test their asthma-treatment “pack” on patients. |
A.They preferred to study the standard curriculum. |
B.They were smarter at the beginning of the school year. |
C.They had little empathy for the young children with asthma. |
D.There were less creative than those at the intervention school in the end. |
A.Empathy education and creativity go hand in hand. |
B.Empathy education was neglected in the creative process. |
C.Empathy education is a must for future designers and engineers. |
D.Empathy education hasn’t been included in the National Curriculum. |
A.The standard curriculum limits pupils’ creativity. |
B.Teaching pupils empathy improves their creative abilities. |
C.Solving real-world problems promotes pupils’ all-round development. |
D.An asthma-treatment “pack” was created by pupils at a London school. |
相似题推荐
Stress is a normal reaction by the body to what it perceives (认为)as a threatening situation or environment. Short-term reactions may include an increase in heart rate as well as a rise in blood pressure. A person under short-term stress may feel nervous, anxious and even experience shortness of breath. Other reactions can include a dry mouth, quick heartbeat, sweating, stomach upset and diarrhea.
When stress is long-term and becomes more chronic (长期的) in nature, it can cause more serious health-related problems, including regular headaches, back pain, weight changes, sleep difficulties, changes in mood and so on. Chronic stress can also result in memory problems, including difficulty remembering new information and the inability to quickly deal with old information.
No matter how your body reacts to stress, ignoring the problem can have serious health results. Not surprisingly, more women than men openly seek the help of their family doctors or other health care experts when they are experiencing stress or stress-related illness. Men are more likely to refuse to admit the problem or attempt to self-treat it, which may contribute to higher rate of drug and alcohol addiction seen in men exposed to chronic stress.
There’s no doubt that stress is a fact of life and is likely to remain a part of our fast-paced society. Although stress can’t be completely eliminated, methods of dealing with stress-related issues, in my view, can be developed so that the effects of stress on the body are avoided, so people won’t be so easy to suffer stress-related illness.
1. Which of the following is not the reaction of short-term stress?
A.A dry mouth. | B.Stomach upset. |
C.Weight changes. | D.A rise in blood pressure. |
A.They should ignore it. |
B.They should learn to deal with it on their own. |
C.They should turn to drugs and alcohol for relief. |
D.They should seek more methods of dealing with it. |
A.reduced. | B.removed. |
C.appreciated. | D.destroyed. |
A.To tell us how to solve the serious problems caused by stress. |
B.To tell us how to behave well when we are faced with stress. |
C.To tell us how to protect ourselves from the effects of stress. |
D.To tell us how to tell short-term stress from long-term stress. |
【推荐2】
NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.
Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings-unless we can find a way to tackle it.
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system-a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth-about 6.8 million miles away.
About 10 days before the impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.
Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.
So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?A.To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction. |
B.To explain the necessity of NASA’s Dart mission. |
C.To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris. |
D.To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present. |
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
A.Sending impact data back to Earth. |
B.Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit. |
C.Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft. |
D.Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations. |
A.There is no challenge too big to overcome. |
B.There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs. |
C.There is no single solution to the complex problem. |
D.There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision. |
【推荐3】It’s peak cold and flu season, which means taking a lot of preventative measures. Frequent hand-washing is a must. As is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at bay. So do ants.
“So there are the foragers and the nurses — it’s two different groups of work,” said Natha of the University of Lausanne. She and her colleagues observed ants to see their reaction to the presence of a disease.
“The nurses being made of young workers typically, stay inside the nest and take care of the eggs. And the foragers are all the workers spending most of time at outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.”
Forager ants are at greater risk of getting exposed to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers sprayed a common virus on a small group of forager ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted.
“We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which carries these two-dimensional bar code marks like QR code which is automatically detected and recorded using a tracking system.”
After the infection, the nurse and forager ants stayed within their working places and interacted less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that forager ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent, so by quite a long large amount.”
Isolating behavior stops the spread of the virus. “Something that’s quite interesting in these ants that’s been shown by the study is that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more advanced than we are,” Natha said.
1. How did the researchers track the infected ants?A.They labeled the movements of infected ants. |
B.They used the QR codes to follow the ants’ movements. |
C.They had some nurse and forager ants infected with the virus. |
D.They applied a tracking technology to record the ants’ movements. |
A.Forager ants stayed inside the nest more. |
B.Infected ants tended to stay away from healthy ants. |
C.The nurses stayed inside the nest, working as usual. |
D.Forager ants, together with coworkers, stayed outside more. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Objective. | C.Appreciative. | D.Conservative. |
A.How ants keep diseases at bay in the nest. |
B.Ants change movements to fight against diseases. |
C.The measures all the ants take to prevent diseases. |
D.Similarities between human and ants in controlling diseases. |
【推荐1】Before we work on the book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, I would like to give two suggestions that will greatly add the value you will receive from this material (阅读材料).
First, I would recommend that you do not see this material as a book, in the sense that it is something just read once and put on a shelf.
You may choose to read it through once for a sense of the whole, but the material is designed to be a companion in the continual process of change and growth. As you progress to deeper levels of understanding and practice, you are supposed to go back time and again to the principles contained in each habit and work to expand your knowledge, skill, and desire.
Second, I would suggest that you change from the role of learner to that of a teacher while reading this material. Take an inside-out approach and read with the purpose in mind of sharing or discussing what you learn with someone else within 48 hours after you learn it. Read as though you are going to teach it to others, while it is still fresh, and notice the difference in your mental and emotional process.
I am sure if you approach the material in this way, you will not only better remember what you read, but your perspective will be expanded, your understanding deepened, and your motivation to apply the material increased.
In addition, as you openly, honestly share what you are learning with others, you will be surprised to find that negative labels (负面标签) or perceptions others may have had of you tend to disappear. Those you teach will see you as a changing, growing person and will be more likely to be helpful and supportive as you work, perhaps together to integrate the seven habits into your lives.
1. Which part is the text most probably taken from?A.How to Use This Book. | B.“Habits” Defined. |
C.The Power of Principles. | D.What You Can Expect. |
A.Read the book once and shelve it. | B.Read for knowledge and skills. |
C.Read the book time and again. | D.Read the book as a learner. |
A.Find better approaches. | B.Build better memories. |
C.Improve reading skills. | D.Better understand the book. |
A.Attractions. | B.Beliefs. | C.Treatments. | D.Capabilities. |
【推荐2】Recent discoveries published in Science Advances have revealed a native plant gene that enables researchers to more effortlessly control the attractive glow of bioluminescent (生物发光的) plants. This gene, which varies across different plant species, allows for the redirection of living energy into organic light, offering a natural source of lighting for homes, gardens, and beyond.
The study received support from Light Bio, a pioneer in the development of bioluminescent plants, which is dedicated to promoting greater connection and enjoyment of plants through the delightful appeal of living light. The latest research builds upon earlier findings. Prior approaches for creating bioluminescent plants involved including five genes obtained from fungi (菌类). In the new findings, a single gene native to plants can effectively replace two of the fungal genes. The plant gene’s smaller size and simpler biological requirements enhance its functionality for diverse applications. The smaller gene plays a vital role, acting as a bridge between plant metabolism (新陈代谢) and light production. This connection allows the plant’s inner dynamics to be translated into a constantly changing view of natural light.
Bioluminescent plants have gained huge popularity among the public. Light Bio recently began taking orders for a bioluminescent petunia (矮牵牛花) under the brand Firefly TM Petunia, which is selling fast. The company selected the petunia as its first offering due to its popularity as a decorative plant. It recently announced that their plants glow up to 100 times brighter than previously possible, with the petunia standing out as the brightest. Known for their ease of being planted and flowering, petunias make an ideal choice for this innovative enhancement.
In partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, Light Bio envisions future plants to be at least ten times brighter, with an expanded range of varieties and colors. Beyond the sheer delight these glowing plants provide, the foundational science offers great insights into plant molecular physiology (分子生理学). The cooperative teams are confident that discoveries from this research will lead to significant progress in essential fields such as crop development and disease resistance.
1. What is the function of the gene native to plants?A.It makes an artificial source available. |
B.It redirects living energy into colorful light. |
C.It remains unchanged across different plant species. |
D.It helps keep the glow of bioluminescent under control. |
A.A gene native to plants is equal to a fungal gene. |
B.Present approaches include five genes from fungi. |
C.Light Bio takes the lead in the study of tree plants. |
D.Early findings lay a foundation for the latest research. |
A.Its inadequate brightness. | B.Its easily being grown. |
C.Its function of decoration. | D.Its creative way of flowering. |
A.Native Genes Make Glowing Plants |
B.Glowing Plants Gain More Popularity |
C.New Advances Help Grow Glowing Plants |
D.Discoveries Promote Progress in Essential Fields |
【推荐3】Any creature or person that has both organic (与有机体有关的) and non-organic body parts can technically be considered a cyborg. This means that anyone who has a pace-maker to control their heartbeat, or a cochlear implant (耳蜗移植) to restore their hearing, could technically be called one.
The above are examples of “restorative” cyborgs, because technology is restoring an ability that a healthy human would normally have. More recent advancements in this field include robotic arms and legs, which are controlled by sensors (传感器) to receive muscle signals. Recently, brain implants have allowed disabled people to perform simple computer tasks.
But with these rapid advances in technology, another variety of cyborg will soon become more common— ‘Advanced’ cyborgs. If it’s possible to make man-made body parts which are as good as their organic ones, then surely it will become possible to make ones that are even better.
Possible cyborg advancements that may exist in the future include man-made joints which increase your speed and strength. Advanced brain chips (芯片) which allow you to control machines with a thought. Or visual implants which improve your eyesight or allow you to see colors that can’t be seen previously to the human eye.
However, some people worry that this technology could be dangerous. New ways of exciting the pleasure centers of people’s brains could lead to new forms of addiction. Others worry that it could lead to inequality in healthcare, with the high cost of implants causing the wealthy to gain further advantages over the poor.
Implants which restore the abilities of those who are injured are a wonderful medical advancement. But as physical enhancements that allow people to do more and live longer become more common, the choice will be between combining with machines or being left behind.
1. Which of the following is a cyborg?A.A pace-maker. | B.A robot with strong arms. |
C.A brain implant. | D.An animal with a robotic leg. |
A.Seeing more colors than normal people. | B.Directing people with brain. |
C.Creating the man-made joints. | D.Repairing the organic body parts. |
A.The poor could gain new addiction. | B.The wealthy could live longer than the poor. |
C.Cyborgs no longer need healthcare. | D.Cyborgs could avoid any form of injury. |
A.A report on a robotic project. | B.A fictional novel on cyborgs. |
C.A fitness and well-being brochure. | D.A magazine on new science. |