【推荐1】While ChatGPT answered a variety of questions raised by testers successfully, some responses were noticeably off. In fact, Stack Overflow—a website for programmers—didn’t allow users to share information from ChatGPT, saying that it’s “harmful to the site and to users who are asking or looking for correct answers.”

Beyond the issue of spreading incorrect information, the tool could also be used to explain problematic thoughts, and as with all AI tools, spread biases (偏见) based on the pool of data on which it’s trained. Typing something involving a CEO, for example, could arouse a response assuming that the individual is white and male, for example.

“While we’ve made efforts to make the model refuse unsuitable requests, it will sometimes respond to harmful instructions or exhibit biased behavior,” OpenAI, the company that created ChatGPT, said on its website.“We’re using the Moderation API to warn or stop certain types of unsafe content, but it still has some false negatives and positives for now. We’re eager to collect user feedback (反馈) to aid our ongoing work to improve this system.”

Still, Lian Jye Su, a research director at market research company ABI Research, warns the chatbot is operating “without understanding the context of the language.”

“It is very easy for ChatGPT to give plausible-sounding (听起来合理) but incorrect or senseless answers,” he said.“It guessed when it was supposed to explain and sometimes responded to harmful instructions or exhibited biased behavior. It also lacks regional and country-specific understanding.”

While ChatGPT is free, it does put a limit on the number of questions a user can raise before having to pay. When Elon Musk, a co-founder of OpenAI, recently asked Altman on Twitter about the average cost per ChatGPT chat, Altman said:“We will have to monetize (货币化) it somehow at some point; the compute costs are eye-watering.”

【推荐3】Delivering life-saving drugs directly to the brain in a safe and effective way is a challenge for medical providers. One key reason: the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from tissue-specific drug delivery. Methods such as an injection or a pill aren’t as precise or immediate as doctors might prefer, and ensuring delivery right to the brain often requires invasive, risky techniques.

A team of engineers from Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new nano-particle generation-delivery method that could someday vastly improve drug delivery to the brain, making it as simple as a sniff.

“This would be a nano-particle nasal spray, and the delivery system could allow medicine to reach the brain within 30 minutes to one hour,” said Ramesh Raliya, research scientist at the School of Engineering & Applied Science.

“The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain,” Raliya said. “ But when we need to deliver something there, getting through that barrier is difficult and invasive. Our non-invasive technique can deliver drugs via nano-particles, so there’s less risk and better response times.”

The novel approach is based on aerosol science and engineering principles that allow the generation of mono-disperse nano-particles, which can deposit on upper regions of the nasal cavity via spread. The nano-particles were tagged with markers, allowing the researchers to track their movement.

Next, researchers exposed locusts’ antenna to the aerosol, and observed the nano-particles travel from the antennas up through the olfactory nerve, which is used to sense the smell. Due to their tiny size, the nano-particles passed through the brain-blood barrier, reaching the brain and spreading all over it in a matter of minutes.

The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities. “The shortest and possibly the easiest path to the brain is through your nose,” said Barani Raman, associate professor of biomedical engineering. “Your nose, the olfactory bulb and then olfactory cortex: two steps and you’ve reached the cortex.”

To determine whether or not the foreign nano-particles disrupted normal brain function, Saha examined the physiology response of olfactory neurons in the locusts before and after the nano-particle delivery and found no noticeable change in the electro-physiological responses was detected.

This is only a beginning of a set of studies that can be performed to make nano-particle-based drug delivery approaches more principled, Raman said. The next phase of research involves fusing the gold nano-particles with various medicines, and using ultrasound to target a more precise dose to specific areas of the brain, which would be especially beneficial in brain-tumor cases.

【推荐1】When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they'll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics(残奥会), organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals(奖牌)out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved.

Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops. digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative(倡议)has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March.

When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan's largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project's success.

After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract(提炼)all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University—44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it's a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue.

【推荐1】Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.

Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies.

Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits.

There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.

【推荐2】A growing number of Chinese tourists are helping to save a dying town，after a like-known tourist attraction was featured on a number of Chinese travel blogs.

The residents of Sea Lake，a town of just 600 people，barely see travelers stop at their gas station while driving by，but the sudden influx of Chinese tourists is helping keep the town's economy alive.

The tourists come to see Lake Tyrrel—a shallow，salt crusted and often dry lake just out of town. According to a local teacher，Rachel Pearce，the extremely beautiful nightscape combined with the mysterious appearance of stars reflected on the salt lake gives people the impression of walking among the stars. Besides，the town is so far away that no light pollution ruins the particularly attractive views，and as it is situated in a barren（寸草不生的），dry part of the country，there are rarely any clouds to spoil the night sky.

The attraction's growing sought-after status has resulted in the town's motel rooms being full almost every night，and while local famers are suffering in a two-year drought，tourism is keeping the town's agricultural-based economy stable.

Despite the popularity of the town and its attraction，locals are still confused as to why their little town deserves so much attention. Sea Lake's population has fallen from around 1，200a decade ago to 600 today. “We're still unsure why Lake Tyrrel is such a big，big tourist attraction，”one local says. “It's quite a shock. ”

【推荐3】When my mother died a few years ago，we looked through boxes in which she had lovingly stored her children’s lives. Handwritten report cards from grade schoo1. News cuttings about games. Postcards from summer camps. And so many photos：birthdays，graduations，weddings and trips to wonderful places.

After my father’s death，I found many handwritten pity letters from his friends. Rereading them once a year，I am transported back to the time I miss so much. Of course，I received many emails about Dad as well，but I wouldn’t begin to know how or where to find them. Besides，personal messages are more meaningful when presented in the hand of the sender.

My kids，now in their 20s，have mostly digital keepsakes. Increasingly they rely on Facebook to store memories. Their letters from college，sent by email，are long gone. Many photos，never printed，have disappeared. I really worry that for them.

In Andrew Hoskins’new book Digital Memory Studies，he concludes，“Despite the gradual disappearance of photographs，letters and other objects that are reminders of people and past experiences，their keeping is like holding on to those people and experiences. ”Digital items offer nothing of the kind.

Mark B. McKinley explained that collecting physical memorabilia(值得纪念的事物)can       serve as a means of control to bring out a comfort zone in one’s life，calming fears and easing worries. It’s no wonder that children are fond of collecting things—it's important to their development.

One mother says，“My Son collects pieces of broken stones. ”The kid might become a great geologist or a successful businessman. But will his mom print out a photo of that unique collection? Will his degree in geology be memorialized on paper，or will he be given a digital diploma? And will he collect his first paycheck or will he be paid by direct deposit?