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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:221 题号:13181379

Researchers from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), have designed a portable optical sensor (光谱传感器), also called leaf-clip Raman sensor, which can monitor whether a plant is under stress. Precision agriculture is important for dealing with growing food insecurity, but it requires new technologies for rapid detection of plant stresses in advance. SMART's new portable leaf-clip Raman sensor is useful in precision agriculture allowing early detection of nitrogen shortage in plants — a vital nutrient and the most important component of chemical fertilizers (化肥).

“Our findings showed that measurements using the portable leaf-clip Raman sensor under full-light growth conditions were consistent with measurements obtained with a desktop Raman optical instrument on leaf-sections under laboratory conditions,” says MIT Professor Rajeev Ram. “We found that early detection of nitrogen shortage in living plants is possible with the portable sensor.”

While the study mainly looked at nitrogen shortage in plants, the device can also be used to measure levels of other metabolites (代谢物), allowing it to detect other plant stress types such as heat and cold stress, salt stress, and light stress. The simplicity and speed of these leaf-clip Raman sensors make them practical for field use by farmers to ensure crop health.

“The sensor was tested on multiple vegetable varieties and supports the effort to produce nutritious, low-cost vegetables,” says Professor Nam-Hai Chua. “Extension of this work to a wider variety of crops may contribute globally to improved crop output and reduction of environmental pollution through reduced fertilizer use.”

The portable Raman system was designed in combination with local company Technospex Pte Ltd. The leaf-clip Raman sensor consists of a 3D printed clip that is built around a fiber-based Raman detection unit.

1. How is the new device used to detect a plant's nutrition stress?
A.By measuring its nitrogen levels.
B.By checking its exposure to light.
C.By examining its field conditions.
D.By testing its resistance to extreme weather.
2. What advantage does the new device have over a desktop Raman optical instrument?
A.It is simpler in theory.
B.It is more fit to use in the lab.
C.It is more accurate in detection results.
D.It is more suitable for real-time detection.
3. What's Chua's attitude towards the role the new device plays in future?
A.Short-sighted.B.Cautious.
C.Optimistic.D.Wait-and-see.
4. What's the best title for the text?
A.Is it possible to develop green agriculture?
B.A portable optical sensor or a desktop one?
C.Precision agriculture: a must for good harvests
D.Plant-assessing optical sensor: a big help to farmers

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款新的帮助年轻人减少塑料污染保护海洋的应用程序。

【推荐1】Beneath the blue waters of Trinidad and Tobago, plastic pollution is causing serious damage to marine ecosystems. Every year, over 88,600 tonnes of plastic waste is deposited(沉积)into the ocean around the Caribbean nation, harming marine life and impacting human health.

A new app is aiming to help young people in Trinidad and Tobago, along with other small island developing states, battle against the damage done by plastic pollution. Called Tide Turners, the app was developed by the United Nations Environment Programme with the help of young people. It challenges users to record their plastics consumption and develop an action plan to reduce their use of plastics. It also encourages young people to switch to reusable products and go plastic-free where possible: lifestyle changes that experts say can help stop the flow of plastic into the world’s oceans.

Reducing plastic pollution will take a joint effort from governments, businesses and, especially, youth. Children account for around 30 percent of the population in small island developing states in the Caribbean.

To tackle the plastic pollution challenge, the new app builds on UNEP’s Tide Turners Plastic Challenge Badge, which has so far engaged more than 500,000 young people in youth groups. Along with calling on youth to use less plastic, it encourages them to start campaigns and raise awareness about the dangers of plastic pollution.

In Trinidad and Tobago, Sarah Sobrian, who tested an early version of the app and advised on its development, is keen to get started. “The Tide Turners app is an incredible tool that educates and empowers us to change the situation we face,” she says. “I am incredibly eager to be a part of this and share this experience with those in my life. With this app, we can and will work together to create the impact that we have long wanted to see.”

1. What is the purpose of the Tide Turners app?
A.To help youths to fight against plastic pollution.
B.To track marine life populations in the Caribbean.
C.To help the young to develop the small island states.
D.To encourage businesses to switch to plastic-free packaging.
2. Why is the participation of young people particularly important?
A.They have more free time than adults.
B.They have access to funding the new app.
C.They are the main contributors to plastic waste.
D.They make up about one-third of the population.
3. What is Sarah Sobrian’s attitude towards the app?
A.Suspicious.B.Favorable.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.
4. What’s the main idea of the text?
A.A new app can turn the situation around.
B.Plastic pollution is a serious threat to marine ecosystems.
C.Governments make great efforts to reduce plastic pollution.
D.Trinidad and Tobago are suffering from serious plastic pollution.
2024-05-17更新 | 20次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】Summer heat can be dangerous, and heat leads to tragedy far too often. According to Kidsandcars Organization, an average of 37 young children per year die of car heat in the US, when they are accidentally left in a hot vehicle.

For Bishop Curry, a fifth grader from McKinney, Texas, one such incident hit close to home. A six-month-old baby from his neighborhood died after hours in a hot car. After hearing about her death, Curry decided that something needed to be done. Young Curry drew up a sketch of a device he called “Oasis.”

The device would be attached to car seats and watch the temperature inside the car. If it reached a certain temperature in the car, and the device sensed a child in the car seat, it would begin to circulate cool air. Curry also designs the device using GPS and Wi-Fi technology, which would alarm the child’s parents and, if there was no response from them, the police.

Curry’s father believes that the invention has potential. “The cool thing about Bishop’s thinking is none of this technology is new,” he said. “We feel like the way he’s thinking and combining all these technologies will get to production faster.” His father even introduced the device to Toyota, where he works as an engineer.

In January, Curry’s father launched a campaign for the invention. They hope to raise money to finalize the patent, build models, and find a manufacturer. They have raised more than twice that—over $46,000.

“I was so proud of him for thinking of a solution,” the father said. “We always just complain about things and rarely offer solutions.”

1. What inspired Curry to invent Oasis?
A.His narrow escape from death after being locked in a car.
B.The death of his neighbor’s baby after being left in a hot car.
C.His knowledge of many children’s death because of car heat.
D.The injury of 37 children in his school in a car accident.
2. What would Oasis do if it was hot in a car with a child?
A.It would get the window open to save the child.B.It would pump out the hot air in the car.
C.It would sound the alarm attached to the car.D.It would inform the parents or even the police.
3. What does Curry’s father think is cool about Curry’s invention?
A.It used some of the most advanced technology.B.It could accelerate production of new technology.
C.It simply combined technologies that existed.D.It is the most advanced among similar products.
4. Why did Curry’s father start a campaign to raise money?
A.To get the patent and bring it to production.B.To get other children devoted to inventions.
C.To support a charity of medical aid for children.D.To conduct experiments to test the invention.
5. Which of the following best describes Bishop Curry?
A.Sympathetic and faithful.B.Action-oriented and amusing.
C.Talented and generous.D.Innovative and productive
2021-12-03更新 | 158次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐3】The world’s biggest COVID9-9 vaccine (疫苗) study started on Monday. A total of 30,00 volunteers will help test the effectiveness and safety of a shot developed by the National Institutes of Health and drug maker Moderna.

The volunteers will each receive two doses (剂量) of a shot. They will not know whether they are getting the real vaccine or false version (版本) Scientists will then closely follow the volunteers as they go about their daily activities. They want to see which group experiences a higher rate of infections (感染), especially in areas where the virus still is spreading unchecked.

Volunteers from more than 80 test areas across the country will take part in the study. Moderna said the first vaccines were given Monday morning in Savannah, Georgia. The U.S. government requires its tests of any vaccine that might be used in the country. The aim is not just to test if a vaccine works, but also to check if it is safe.

Through the government-funded COVID-19 Prevention Network, the U.S. plans a new study for vaccine candidates (候选人) each month through autumn. Each will involve30,000 newly chosen volunteers. The hope is that, by using the same rules for each study, scientists will be easily able to compare the vaccines. In August, the U.S. will carry out its final stages of Oxford University’s vaccine candidate. The study of Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine will start in September. Drug maker Pfizer also plans to carry out its own 30,000-person study this summer.

That is a lot of volunteers needed to test possible vaccines. But in recent weeks, more than 150,000 Americans have registered to volunteer for the studies, says Dr. Larry Corey. He is with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute in Seattle, Washington. It normally takes years to create a new vaccine from start to finish. But this time, scientists are setting speed records.

1. What can be learned according to the second paragraph?
A.The volunteers will be divided into two groups.
B.A false version will influence the volunteers poorly.
C.Every volunteer gets two doses of shot at different times.
D.Scientists will keep the volunteers in a special place.
2. What do you know about the vaccine test?
A.This test involves volunteers from different countries.
B.Some volunteers have been injected with the vaccine.
C.The aim of the test is to see how the vaccine works.
D.The U.S. government intends to do tests nationwide.
3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The tests need many more than 150,000 volunteers
B.The vaccines made in a hurry have not potential safety issues.
C.It is hoped that vaccine is the best hope against the virus.
D.It is better to put off using the vaccines on humans.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.COVID-19 Vaccine Starts Test with Volunteers
B.Moderna Are to Develop COVID-19 Vaccine
C.150,000 Registered to Get COVID-19 Vaccine
D.COVID-19 Vaccine Gets Support from U.S. Government
2020-10-21更新 | 169次组卷
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