That rapidly expanding market has been built around seltzer water − a product favored by celebrities and influencers alike. Despite its growing popularity, seltzer water has some known disadvantages and plenty of advantages that consumers might want to be aware of.
Seltzer water, also called sparking water(气泡水) or bubbly water, “is created when carbon dioxide bubbles are added to still water,” says Jamie Bering, MD, a gastroenterologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona. Indeed, it’s the injection of that carbon dioxide gas under pressure “that causes the bubbles and fizzy quality of seltzer water,” explain Jen Messer, a nutrition consultant at Jen Messer Nutrition.
Though seltzer water is just as hydrating(补水) as regular water, it does have some advantages and disadvantages different than drinking tap water alone. Messer says that sparking water can be “more interesting, appealing and enjoyable than plain water” especially so because it often comes in “a wide variety of flavors.” 33 , “which makes seltzer water a good choice for those looking to reduce their calorie intake or avoid added sugars.” In this way, sparking water can also be a great way to transition away from soda. “Seltzer water can be used as a healthier alternative to drinking soda,” says Bering.
Lisa Young, a professor of nutrition at New York University, says that some people who drink the bubbly liquid “have also found that drinking seltzer water can also provide temporary relief from indigestion(消化不良).”
But seltzer water has some disadvantages as well. For instance, Messer agrees that many people have reported that seltzer water can help with indigestion, but “interestingly, other individuals have found that seltzer water actually causes stomach discomfort such as bloating or gas.”
And Messer says the liquid isn’t great for anyone trying to reduce sodium(钠) in their diets. “Your favorite can of seltzer water may have 100 or 200 milligrams of sodium, which doesn’t seem like much, but it can really add up,” she says. That’s especially worth keeping in mind for people watching their blood pressure.
Young says that because seltzer water is also acidic, “high consumption may affect the teeth over time.” In fact, not only can such acidity cause tooth decay, but people who drink a lot of seltzer water may also not be getting as much decay-preventing fluoride(氟化物) as people who drink tap water since fluoride is added to most supplies of drinking water in America.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?| A．What is seltzer water? |
| B．The findings of seltzer water. |
| C．The process of producing seltzer water. |
| D．What are the experts’ attitudes towards seltzer water? |
| A．Many of the same things happen in one’s stomach when it’s consumed |
| B．Many people prefer that side effect over the taste of drinking regular water alone |
| C．What’s more, such flavors don’t usually require the use of artificial sweeteners |
| D．Some people also use sparkling water machines to make their own carbonated water at home |
| A．Compare with drinking soda, seltzer water is a healthier alternative. |
| B．Seltzer water can help with stomach discomfort problems. |
| C．Seltzer water isn’t good for people trying to reduce sodium. |
| D．Drinking too much seltzer water may cause teeth problems. |
| A．Sparking water is popular, but is it healthy? |
| B．What is healthy and unhealthy sparking water? |
| C．Why is sparking water unhealthy for people？ |
| D．What happens when you drink seltzer water? |
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【推荐1】As technology and supermarkets have made buying food easier and more convenient than ever, researchers believe people are growing more distant from the food they eat. As knowledge about crops, food production, and healthy eating is lost over generations, some school districts are looking to reconnect children with their food by educating them in a garden setting. Researchers observed one “school garden” in a rural Midwestern school district, in which teachers held classes outside in a garden one or two times per month.
“We have lost touch with a lot of basic skills related to food, which raises concerns for the future of food production and the eating habits of our children. And we wanted to see if allowing children to ‘taste’ their education in a garden setting could have the potential to reorient (重新定位) them toward environment and health issues that will only become more important as they grow. This case study showed that the answer is ‘yes’. The potential is there.” says Mary Hendrickson, an associate professor of rural sociology at the University of Missouri’s College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources.
The idea of school gardens is not new, but most of these programs have occurred in wealthy urban settings. Beginning as an after-school club led by volunteers, the program eventually changed to the control of the school district. The district joined it into the school day an average of one or two times per month, when students would attend classes outside surrounded by fruits and vegetables. Each grade level received their own garden.
Researchers found that school garden education affected the children beyond the classroom, with students expecting healthier choices on the school’s salad bar and starting their own gardens at home, as well as generally expressing more interest in food production and preparation, encouraging them to develop an appreciation for fresh, healthy foods.
“What we heard from the people involved in this program is that their children are more interested in eating healthier food and have choices of food systems like organics and farmer’s markets, giving children more control over their lives.” says Mary.
“I think that people recognize that we are a rural community, but we are not healthy eaters,” one participant said. “We do have cattle and chickens, but we don’t have gardens because when I was growing up … we didn’t talk about healthy food. Nobody really grew food.”
1. What are some schools trying to do to their students?| A．To teach them to build a school garden. |
| B．To advise them to eat health food. |
| C．To bring them together with food. |
| D．To remind them to learn knowledge. |
| A．Critical. | B．Favourable. |
| C．ambiguous. | D．neutral. |
| A．They will have the abilities to make informed choices of food. |
| B．They will learn some skills to prepare for their everyday food. |
| C．They will probably eat more healthy salad than meat. |
| D．They will take an active part in out-of-class activities. |
| A．The significance of developing healthy lifestyles. |
| B．The change in people’s buying food in the future. |
| C．The education of reconnecting students with food. |
| D．The necessity of teaching students gardening. |
【推荐2】By the summer of 2005，the Reverend (牧师) Richard Joyner of Conetoe Chapel Missionary Baptist Church realized he was hosting funerals (葬礼) twice a month—a surprising number for his town's tiny population. In this African American town，a quarter of families live an extremely poor life and heart disease kills more 20 to 39yearolds than car accidents do.
Joyner decided to do something about it. Driving home one day，he pulled over and thought that maybe he'd get further with his eyes open. He looked around，and all he saw was farmland. It gave him an idea：Get the kids to take part in it.
Joyner ran a youth camp，so that summer，he showed the campers how to grow their own food on the small land. The kids,4 to 16 years old，ate up the vegetables they had grown，and the following year，they gave free boxes of vegetables to the old people in the town.
Not everyone welcomed the idea. Some church elders questioned whether it was wise to let kids take part in agrarian pursuit (农业工作). But Joyner saw it differently. “The kids are bringing food to people who need it. They enjoy what they're doing，” he said. At the same time，it improved the health of the community by providing healthy foods.
Today，because of Joyner，that small land has changed into the 21acre Conetoe Family Life Center. The local hospital，schools and restaurants help the center by buying its salad greens，peppers，strawberries，and other food for people. Research from East Carolina University found that people in Conetoe have lost weight，lowered their blood pressure，and visited the hospital less frequently because of the fresh food and health advice available at the center.
1. What do we know about the town where Joyner lives?| A．It develops very slowly. | B．There are not enough churches. |
| C．Many young people die from accidents. | D．People are too poor to live a healthy life. |
| A．To provide food for kids. | B．To teach kids how to plant. |
| C．To lower the number of deaths. | D．To make full use of the small land. |
| A．They were doubtful about it. | B．They weren't interested in it. |
| C．They strongly disagreed with it. | D．They thought it did harm to kids. |
| A．It's unusual. | B．It's successful. |
| C．It's unexpected. | D．It's unbelievable. |
【推荐3】Most of us grab a cup of coffee and a quick bite in the morning and eat more as the day goes on.
“Having the largest meal in the morning appears to have advantages for weight control compared with having a large meal in the evening,” said one of the researchers. Our body uses insulin(胰岛素) to process the sugars in foods, she explained. The action of the hormone (激素) appears to be at its peak performance early in the day. “If you give a healthy individual a big meal in the morning, the blood glucose(葡萄糖) might stay high one or two hours before coming back to normal,” Dr. Kahleova added. “Now, you give the same big meal to the same healthy individual at night.
Dr. Kahleova said that the message is simple. It’s just like the old proverb: “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a beggar.” Good as it is, this piece of advice may be hard to follow. Nowadays, family life and social get-togethers often sit down to a big meal at the end of the day.
| A．Doctors have already taken note. |
| B．The blood glucose will stay high up to three hours. |
| C．The largest meal of the day usually comes in the evening. |
| D．A U. S. survey of the diet patterns provides the latest evidence. |
| E．For most of us, it is hard to make dinner our lightest meal of the day. |
| F．Not surprisingly, those who loved snacks tended to gain weight over time. |
| G．They suggested that rethinking when and how much we eat may have benefits. |
【推荐1】People are always looking for lost cities and occasionally one is found: Borobudur in Indonesia, for example. But perhaps some of the places people look for never existed—or did they ? Here are just a few famous mythical(神话里的) cities.
El Dorado
El Dorado is a story that began in 1537, when Spanish explorers found the Muisca people in the mountains of what is now Colombia. They heard the story of a man who covered himself with gold and dived into a lake. Then people began to talk of El Dorado— “the golden man". Soon people started to think of El Dorado as a place, too—a city of gold and amazing riches. Nowadays, the name “El Dorado" is still used to mean "a place where you can get rich quickly”.
Atlantis
There was once an island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It was the mythical island of Atlantis. The people of the island were very rich, thanks to the natural resource on the island. For hundreds of years, they lived simple lives. But slowly they began to change. They started to want power. So the gods decided to destroy Atlantis. Suddenly, the island and its people were swallowed (淹没)by the sea and were never seen again.
Shambhala
In Tibetan Buddhist traditions, Shambhala is a mystical country that is hidden somewhere behind the Himalayas. Shambhala is a word from an old language that means “a place of peace” or “a place of happiness”. It is said that there is no war in Shambhala, and in the future, when the world is full of war, a huge army will come out of Shambhala, destroy the world’s bad rulers, and start a new Golden Age. Some people say this will happen in 2424.
1. Nowadays, the name“ El Dorado” means“ ______”.| A．Colombia | B．the golden man |
| C．a place of great wealth | D．a city with mountains |
| A．the gods | B．its people |
| C．its powerful enemies | D．its neighboring country |
| A．The Himalayas will disappear. | B．The world will be full of peace. |
| C．Shambhala will save the world. | D．There will be a war in Shambhala. |
【推荐2】Facebook users may feel socially successful in cyberspace (虚拟空间) but they are more likely to perform poorly in exams, according to a new research into the academic impact of the social networking website.
About 83% of British 16 to 24-year-olds are thought to use social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Bebo (视频博客), to keep in touch with friends and organize their social lives.
“Our study shows people who spend more time on Facebook spend less time studying,” said Aryn Karpinski, a researcher in the education department at Ohio State University. “Every generation has its distractions, but I think Facebook is a unique phenomenon.”
Karpinski and a colleague questioned 219 US undergraduates and graduates about their study practices and general Internet use, as well as their specific use of Facebook.
They found that 65% of Facebook users accessed their account daily (刷新个人主页), usually checking it several times to see if they had received new messages. The amount of time spent on Facebook at each login varied from just a few minutes to more than an hour.
The Ohio report shows that students who used Facebook had a “significantly” lower grade point average — the marking system used in US universities — than those who did not use the site.
“It is the equivalent of the difference between getting an A and a B,” said Karpinski, who will present her findings this week to the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
Some UK students have already spotted the potential danger. Daisy Jones, 21, an undergraduate in her final year at Loughborough University, realized the time she was spending on Facebook was threatening her grades — prompting her to deactivate (注销) her account.
Jones is among the few to have recognized the risks.According to Karpinski’s research, 79% of Facebookusing students believed the time they spent on the site had no impact on their work.
Facebook said, “There is also academic research that shows the benefits of services like Facebook. It’s in the hands of students, in consultation with their parents, to decide how to spend their time.”
1. According to the passage we know that most present students like to get in touch with their friends by ________.| A．sending short messages | B．chatting online |
| C．Facebook site | D．sending emails |
| A．the equivalent of the difference between getting an A and a B |
| B．not less grades in all studies |
| C．more ambitious to succeed in their studies |
| D．just the same |
| A．their study practices |
| B．their general Internet use |
| C．their specific use of Facebook |
| D．their habits of living |
| A．news | B．text |
| C．report | D．essay |
【推荐3】In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine(海洋的)systems, a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA), which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind. This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species-all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean.
Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study-the Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP). The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers. It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships. The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA for future study. By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology, researchers can monitor the ocean better.
“We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities, but we’ve been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships. Now, autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean,” said Kobun Truelove, a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper.
Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean. This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs, produces the air we breathe, and regulates our climate. Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously.
“Ship-based research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies, but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research, monitoring, and resource management,” said Truelove.
1. What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Those living in water. | B．Those growing near water. |
| C．Those becoming endangered. | D．Those consuming eDNA. |
| A．Filter seawater effectively. |
| B．Preserve eDNA for future study. |
| C．Travel for months at a time in the ocean. |
| D．Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently. |
| A．Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient. |
| B．Ship-based research is more time-saving and energy-saving. |
| C．Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships. |
| D．Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean. |
| A．Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup” |
| B．Autonomous Technology Needs Improving |
| C．Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health |
| D．The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection |
