Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and the yellow part of eggs.
Vitamin B-1 is also called thiamine. Thiamine changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in beans and peas, nuts, and meat and fish.
Vitamin B-12 is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy. Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk products. Vitamin B-12 is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like legumes and citrus fruits （柑橘类水果).
Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth. The body stores little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.
Vitamin D prevents the children’s bone disease rickets （佝偻病）. Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D. Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.
Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, kale and spinach （菠菜）.
Vitamins are important to our health. A lack of required vitamins can lead to health problems.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．There are thirteen kinds of vitamins in total. |
| B．One can not live without enough vitamins. |
| C．Vitamins can carry out chemical changes within cells. |
| D．Enough vitamins are vital to keep healthy. |
| A．vitamin A | B．vitamin B-1 |
| C．vitamin B-12 | D．vitamin C |
| A．Fish liver oil. |
| B．Ultraviolet light from the sun. |
| C．Fresh milk drunk by people. |
| D．Doing a certain amount of exercise. |
| A．make our eyesight better |
| B．help to stop bleeding |
| C．make our bones and teeth strong |
| D．help produce red blood cells |
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【推荐1】In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge (排放) your body’s toxins (毒素) and recover your energy.
One popular option is hot-stone massage (按摩). Therapists use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to massage certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.
Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45oC. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.
Using hot stones for healing dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.
The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.
1. What do people use to release toxins in our body according to the text?| A．Washing the body with cold water. |
| B．Discharging lots of sweat. |
| C．Relaxing muscles |
| D．Lying on the warm beds. |
| A．Sports have greater effects on the health than hot-stone massage. |
| B．There are no toxins and humidity in the body in summer. |
| C．Using water of about 45oC to wash the body is good for the health. |
| D．People should take advantage of summer to improve their health. |
| A．It was invented by Mary Nelson, an American. |
| B．It successfully cured many people of cancer. |
| C．It is popular with people with its excellent effects. |
| D．It can help people avoid sweating too much in hot summer. |
| A．The origin and development of the hot-stone therapy |
| B．The amazing functions of the hot-stone therapy |
| C．A healthy and comfortable lifestyle |
| D．How to live comfortably in summer |
【推荐2】Simple Health Habits Worth Adopting Into Your Life
We get it that it’s hard to break bad habits. But when it comes to building healthy habits, small decisions add up over time.
Use stairs. If you have stairs at your home or office, take them every chance you get.
Drink one extra glass of water a day. It’s nothing new that there are health benefits to drinking more water.
Correct your posture. When you were a kid, have your parents ever yelled at you for having bad posture? Well, the bad news is that they were right.
Remember that building new healthy habits can take some time and it’s OK to treat yourself to avoid feeling deprived (剥夺). Stay focused on your goal.
| A．Don’t stop there, though. |
| B．Change your bad sleep habits. |
| C．Go to bed half an hour earlier. |
| D．Having good posture can reduce stress. |
| E．If you slip along the way, just start again. |
| F．But we ignored their warning to correct bad posture. |
| G．It helps keep your temperature normal and gets rid of wastes. |
【推荐3】At first, I didn’t recognize the symptoms that we all had in common. Friends mentioned that they were having trouble concentrating. It wasn’t burnout — we still had energy. It wasn’t depression — we didn’t feel hopeless. We just felt somewhat joyless and aimless.
It turns out there’s a name for that: languishing.
Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. It feels as if you’re muddling (应付) through your days, looking at your life through a foggy windshield (挡风玻璃).
In psychology, we think about mental health on a spectrum (范围) from depression to flourishing (精力旺盛). Flourishing is the peak of well-being, with depression being the valley and languishing the neglected middle child of mental health. It’s the emptiness between depression and flourishing — the absence of well-being. You’re not functioning at full capacity. Languishing dulls your motivation, disrupts your ability to focus, and greatly increases the possibility that you’ll cut back on work.
Part of the danger is that when you’re languishing, you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive. You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. When you can’t see your own suffering, you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself.
So what can we do about it? People who became more focused on their work managed to avoid languishing. Interrupted attention is an enemy of engagement and excellence. To go beyond languishing, give yourself some uninterrupted time. It clears out constant distractions (分心) and gives us the freedom to focus. And try starting with small wins by focusing on a challenge that matters to you — an interesting project, a worthwhile goal, or a meaningful conversation.
Psychologists still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. It could help to defog our vision, giving us a clearer window into what had been an unclear experience. It could remind us that we weren’t alone: languishing is common and shared.
By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness.
1. If one suffers from languishing, he is likely to ________.| A．feel exhausted and without hope |
| B．become weaker or failing to improve |
| C．make someone want to achieve something |
| D．go beyond the usual limits of something |
| A．Ask doctors for some medicine. |
| B．Realize that you are not alone in despair. |
| C．Give yourself some uninterrupted time. |
| D．Be indifferent to your lack of enthusiasm. |
| A．Give people more freedom. |
| B．See it as depression. |
| C．Name it clearly. |
| D．Remove it from a spectrum. |
| A．We can let the silent despair speak up and find a way out. |
| B．We can continue to learn more about languishing. |
| C．We can see it as basically the same as depression. |
| D．We can study it as the complete opposite of flourishing. |
【推荐1】Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like, as preparations are made for the world’s first freefrom 3D-printed property (房产).
Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.
Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home — to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles. The house is the creation of the design company WATG, based in London and California. The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program.
The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms of minimalist (极简主义) materials, and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused on enhancing (增强) natural light. In a written statement, a spokesman for WATG said, “Employing many of the same modern design principles, Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step. It’s important that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously. The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”
WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists. Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics (美学), ergonomics, construction, building systems and structure.
Over the last year, WATG’s Chicago office has been developing their design with Branch Technology. This project is currently underway, working towards breaking ground later this year. Once completed, the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces.
1. From the passage we can know that Curve Apple______.| A．will be different from an ordinary house |
| B．is the first 3D-printed building |
| C．has apparent walls and a roof |
| D．was ever built in the world |
| A．Far away from the Tennessee River. |
| B．In the woods near the Tennessee River. |
| C．Between the Tennessee River and the woods. |
| D．Next to some modern architectures. |
| A．It motivates participants to design at random. |
| B．It emphasizes traditions rather than modernization. |
| C．It sponsors competitors when necessary. |
| D．It helps put creative ideas into practice. |
| A．What our homes will look like in the future. |
| B．The Freeform Home Design Challenge. |
| C．The world’s first freeform 3D-printed house. |
| D．The development of 3D in architecture. |
Retirement is a major life change. Even good changes usually involve some kinds of loss. When you retire, you find yourself lacking whatever working used to provide. That could include, for example, 1. knowing you’re working for society, 2. getting admiration from your skills, 3. having “aha” moments when you solve problems, 4. having people to socialize with, and 5. simply having a place to go and a reason to get out of bed every day. For most people, there’s a financial loss, too. Also, retirement age is a time when a lot of people have to deal with losing their parents or having serious health problems of their own.
Because of all these, retirees are more likely to get depressed.
Depression is very harmful. First, depression can make physical health problems worse. Second, it takes a toll on relationship because it can make people angry. Third, it’s hard to get much done when you’re depressed.
What can we do to overcome (克服) the feelings of depression? First, do all the things that help depression in general: drink enough water, exercise, talk to friends, have a hobby, laugh, and spend time in nature. If you feel depressed more often than not, it’s probably time to talk to a doctor about your feelings. Second, it’s important to keep busy and get out of the house when you can. Make specific plans with friends. Take a class Volunteer. Or just make sure you start each day with some kind of goal. Third, try to focus on what you’ve gained by retiring. Think about what you may have now that you wished you had before you were able to retire. For example, days that are less stressful, a chance to rest and take better care of your body, more time for your family and yourself. To write, to start a hobby and to learn something new are all new possibilities. Finally, tell your story. You’ve lived a long time and you become an oral historian each time you talk with someone about your experiences. You can also write in a journal or make a video recording of your memories. Telling your stories can help you look back on your life and career with a sense of wholeness and achievements.
1. People may find life very hard after they retire because of ___________.
| A．freedom | B．nervousness |
| C．discouragement (losing heart) | D．hard work |
| A．they will suffer from financial loss |
| B．they have to support their parents |
| C．they may lose the reason to get up early |
| D．they may have fewer people to socialize with |
| A．it makes people’s relationships unusual |
| B．it makes people’s relationships in peace |
| C．it makes people’s relationships in danger |
| D．it makes people stay in touch with each other. |
| A．Depression and Retirement |
| B．Depression During Retirement Is Harmful |
| C．Reasons for Depression During Retirement |
| D．How to Overcome Depression During Retirement |
【推荐3】Part of the importance of the practice of capacity building is that too many of us think our intellectual capabilities and focus are fixed. However, Benjamin Hardy, a psychologist and author, recently presented groundbreaking research that suggests that we can often change by changing our environment.
“Because people's lives become routine, you begin to see very predictable behaviors and attitudes,” Hardy says. This is why personality is viewed as stable and predictable over time. Hardy's book, Personality isn't Permanent, digs into this concept.
We regard our childhood, teenage years and 20s as our foundational learning periods. It can be common to think we can't learn as effectively as we grow older. But Hardy argues that we really stop learning because we stop trying new things.
In our young lives, we experience a number of “firsts”, ranging from social experiences to leaning opportunities. Absorbing new experiences is crucial to ensuring we keep expanding our minds and changing our personalities.
Learning new things is a great starting point to changing your personality for the better. Also consider making substantial changes to your professional environment. This can manifest in several ways. If you're a successful leader maybe you'd like to share your knowledge with others by coaching, writing or speaking. Anything that pushes you outside the limits of your normal work life can ensure you keep growing and changing.
In Personality Isn't Permanent, Hardy discusses a study from Harvard psychologist Dr. Ellen Langer. In 1981, Langer and her graduate students selected a group of men in their 70s and placed them in an environment modeled to look like the 1950s. It featured a black-and-white television, mid-century furniture and magazines from the era. As Hardy explains, “The goal was to trigger their minds and bodies to exhibit the energy and biological responses of a much younger person.” It actually worked.
1. Why do people think personality is fixed?| A．Because life becomes regular and foreseeable. | B．Because people refuse to read new books |
| C．Because the brain becomes less effective. | D．Because people's intelligence turns stable. |
| A．Reread a fantastic book. | B．Devote fully to daily work. |
| C．Learn a new kind of sport. | D．Talk with an old friend. |
| A．Construct | B．Distinguish. | C．Predict. | D．Appear. |
| A．The facilities in Harvard need improving | B．Younger persons accept new things better |
| C．Langer's study consumed a lot of energy. | D．The participants' performance improved. |
