UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined .Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend .She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow .When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn't take any notice of
1. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragragh2 probably means that trees________.
| A．compete for survival |
| B．depend on each other |
| C．provide support for dying trees |
| D．protect their own wealth |
| A．look the largest in size in the forest |
| B．know more about the complex “tree societies” |
| C．pass on nutrition to young trees |
| D．seem more likely to be cut down by humans |
| A．how “tree societies” work |
| B．how trees grow old |
| C．how forestry industry develops |
| D．how young trees survive |
| A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans |
| B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection |
| C．Trees Contribute To Our Society |
| D．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think |
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【推荐1】A Guide to Freshman
Food Service
The URS Cafeteria opens from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm. It serves all kinds of snacks, drinks, ice cream and meals. You can pay with your cash or ID cards. You can put your cash into your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the Cafeteria, you can still use the tables to enjoy meals, to have your meetings with your friends and even to study.
Transportation
The URS Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Center. Operation hours are between 9:00 am and 3:00 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $2.
Academic Support
All students have access to the Writing Center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door, two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. The service is free of charge.
Health
The Fitness Center is on the top floor of Douglas Hall, it is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9:00am to 4:30 pm.
1. What can you do in the URS Cafeteria?| A．Add money to your ID card and play chess. | B．Have meals with your friends. |
| C．Buy drinks and enjoy concerts. | D．Do your homework and watch TV. |
| A．Volunteers. | B．The professors | C．Trainers. | D．Classmates. |
| A．The Fitness Center is on the bottom floor of Douglas Hall. |
| B．The medical help can be available on weekend. |
| C．URS Express can transport the students to and from the stores. |
| D．Single trip fare for the transport service is $2. |
【推荐2】SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND
Captain Goodfellow
Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Goodfellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00. Free.
Walking Tour of the Town
Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about the local history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes!
Films at the Museum
Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theater. See Broken Window at 1:30. The Workers will be at 3:45. For further information call 4987898.
International Picnic
Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious but not expensive. Noon to 5:00 p. m.
Take Me Out to the Ballgame
It’s October and tonight is your last chance to see the Redbirds this year. Get your tickets at the gate. It might be cold, don’t forget your sweaters and jackets.
Do You Want to Enjoy “The Zoo”?
“The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first U. S. concert tomorrow night at 8 at Rose Hall, City College.
1. You can probably eat Chinese, Italian, and Arab food at ________.| A．the front entrance of City Hall | B．the Ballgame |
| C．the City Theatre | D．the Central Park |
| A．City College | B．Museum Theater |
| C．City Theater | D．Central Park |
| A．tickets | B．stories |
| C．sweaters and jackets | D．comfortable shoes |
| A．a park with lots of animals |
| B．a U. S. concert |
| C．a music group |
| D．an American music group |
【推荐3】Xing Yifan and his parents were thrilled to learn that he had been admitted to Beihang University with a score of 645 out of a possible 750 points in this (2021) year’s national college entrance examination, or gaokao. It would take most high school graduates great effort to score that high.
But the challenge for 18-year-old Xing was greater, as he was born with congenital muscular dystrophy (营养不良), a group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and problems with the eyes and central nervous system.
After the Spring Festival in 2004, the Xing couple took Yifan to Beijing for treatment, and he was finally diagnosed with CMD (先天性肌营养不良亚型) at Peking University First Hospital.
When relatives and friends heard the news,they advised the couple to have another baby, but they were determined to pour all their love and care into their son.
“Yifan is an angel who came to our family,” the father said. “He might have broken wings, but we will never give him up.”
The young man’s health continued to deteriorate (恶化). As a result of his condition，he is unable to grow much muscle, so his skeleton (骨骼) suffers from a lack of support and protection.
“He has never walked independently and can only sit against a support,” said Xing Dacheng.
“And every 30minutes,he has to lie down to rest,even in the classroom.”
The condition has also deformed Xing Yifan’s spine and fingers, making it difficult for him to write. “His teachers and principals from primary school to senior high school never refused him. The opportunity of education gave us lots of help,” his father added.
Hou Suyun, head teacher at Xing Yifan’s primary school,carried him up and down stairs during the six years he spent at the school.
Yang Weihong, head teacher at Xing Yifan’s junior high school, gave him extra care but subjected him to the same strict academic requirements as his classmates. “I tried everything I could to stimulate his desire to study, hoping to give him more confidence,” Yang said. “I also hoped he would discover his own sense of worth.”
Yang’s methods worked. Xing Yifan got the highest score in his school for the senior high school entrance examination in 2018.
1. Which word can take the place of the underlined word “thrilled” in Paragraph 1?| A．Excited. | B．Relaxed. | C．Moved. | D．Astonished. |
| A．In 2001. | B．In 2002. | C．In 2003. | D．In 2004. |
| A．His parents never gave him up. |
| B．He’s suffered a lot from sickness since his birth. |
| C．His teachers helped him a lot. |
| D．He studied harder than his classmates. |
| A．Head teacher at Xing’s primary school. |
| B．Kind and careful, like Xing’s mother. |
| C．Responsible for Xing’s life at school. |
| D．A strict teacher with wisdom and strategies. |
