Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.
They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.
The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse(虐待). Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.
The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.
1. What do we know about the second study?| A．Children's IQs have much to do with physical punishment. |
| B．The study is about violence and cooperation of children. |
| C．The children tested were divided into groups of four. |
| D．Children's mental development only relies on their IQs. |
| A．punished | B．blamed |
| C．tested | D．praised |
| A．The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior |
| B．Punishment Is the Best Way of Education |
| C．Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior |
| D．Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior? |
| A．Punishment is the best way to influence bad behaviors. |
| B．The participants in the first study have the right to reward or punish others in the group. |
| C．the younger children have a higher IQ because of their parents’ educational level. |
| D．Adults are much more cooperative than children. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner.
Dieticians at Newcastle University said both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half.
It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women still have the strongest long-term influence over the couple’s diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households.
The report, by Newcastle University’s Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from the UK, North America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples.
The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partner.
Women also use food as a comfort when dealing with emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men.
Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.
Report author and registered dietician Dr. Amelia Lake said, “The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration.”
1. According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men _______.| A．have few changes of their dietary habits |
| B．have to eat more unhealthy foods |
| C．don’t like foods high in fat and sugar at all |
| D．try to eat foods that their girlfriends like |
| A．not very heavy | B．less in fat and sugar |
| C．gentle | D．not serious or important |
| A．women put on weight only because they want to suit their other half |
| B．when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habits |
| C．eating together in the evening is a good way to communicate for couples |
| D．it is wrong to change your dietary habits to suit your partner |
| A．women should pay more attention to their partner’s influence on them |
| B．more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most households |
| C．couples will not change their dietary habits and lifestyle to please their partner |
| D．long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner |
| A．Don’t be silly any more, women! |
| B．Which are better dietary habits? |
| C．Boyfriends make you fat |
| D．Dr. Amelia Lake and his study |
【推荐2】The idea of progress started to flower in the 17th century． At that time， many wise thinkers believed that man liberated（解放） by reason would rise to greater heights of achievement． The many expressions of human nature would be the engines of progress： language， business， science， and moral sensibility （道德感）． Unfortunately， most of those engines have failed to bring the desired human progress．
The modern age has belonged to material progress and its main source has been science． Science gives people huge power to change the world． But can people be trusted to use it always for good？ Think of biotechnology and information technology． And it is not just that scientific progress does not deliver the emotional good． People also fear that mankind is failing to manage science properly． The forests are disappearing； the ice is melting； privacy is leaking； life is becoming a depressing march in an ugly world．
The point is not that science is harmful， but that scientific progress needs to be mapped tidily onto human progress． That relies on moral sensibility in its widest sense． This liberal force offers hope for a better future． The very idea of moral sensibility probably sounds out﹣of﹣date． Bur researchers find that people desire a sense of moral purpose which would give life dignity （尊严）． People want to determine how the world works， not always to be determined by it． Moral sensibility is why people will suffer from their beliefs， and why acts of noble self﹣sacrifice are so powerful．
It is admitted that our moral ideals will never be realized completely． But sometimes， however imperfectly， we can make progress． Human dignity requires the love of ideals for their own sake， but nothing requires that the love be returned．
Human progress is neither guaranteed nor hopeless． Instead， it is up to us．
1. What do we know about human progress from Paragraph 1？| A．Human beings were greatly liberated by the idea of progress． |
| B．Language failed to serve as an expression of human progress． |
| C．People began to think about human progress in the 17th century． |
| D．Many thinkers in the 17th century were optimistic about human progress． |
| A．Scientific progress does not give people dignity． |
| B．Proper governing is not guaranteed in the use of science． |
| C．Science is misunderstood because of improper management． |
| D．The engine of progress is sensitive and unreliable． |
| A．Depressing life |
| B．Harmful science |
| C．Human progress |
| D．Moral sensibility |
| A．To stress the function of the idea of progress． |
| B．To express concern about the death of moral sensibility． |
| C．To show the importance of moral sensibility in human progress． |
| D．To blame the harm of material progress to human development． |
【推荐3】Starting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure under control, research suggests. Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood pressure-lowering drugs.
The research, from the University of Alberta in Canada, showed that when eggs come in contact with stomach enzymes (酶) they produce a protein that acts in the same way as Ace inhibitors, but more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body.
Earlier this month, British researchers declared that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is healthy to go to work on an egg. They concluded that the type of cholesterol (胆固醇) found in eggs has little effect on increasing heart disease risks.
Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin, from the University of Surrey, said, "The wrong beliefs linking egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected. The amount of fat in our diet has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amounts of cholesterol found in eggs. The UK public do not need to be limiting the number of eggs they eat. They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature's most nutritious foods."
The British Heart Foundation dropped its three-egg-a-week limit in 2005. However, almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies.
1. From the text we know that Ace inhibitors are _____.| A．a kind of protein |
| B．a kind of food |
| C．a kind of medicine |
| D．a kind of illness |
| A．are the most nutritious food |
| B．can be included in a healthy diet |
| C．have no effect on blood cholesterol |
| D．are forbidden to be eaten in the UK |
| A．stomach enzymes mixed with eggs can cure heart diseases |
| B．drugs to lower blood pressure will be replaced by eating eggs |
| C．most Britons agree the three-egg-a-week limit should be dropped |
| D．about 50% of Britons think eating an egg a day is bad for their health |
| A．to introduce a medicine made from eggs |
| B．to introduce scientific findings about eggs |
| C．to tell people how to lower their blood pressure |
| D．to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible |
【推荐1】Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria is one of the world’s finest botanic gardens, and a leading destination for nature, culture and science. Melbourne Gardens is an inner-city oasis with breathtaking landscapes and stunning plant collections. Enjoy views of this splendid 38-hectare garden in comfort with a ride on the Garden Explorer.
Tram: Route 3,5,6, 16, 64, 67 or 72 to stop 19
Open: Daily, 7. 30am until sunset
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens
Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne
Tel: 03 9252 2429
Website: rbg. vic. gov. au
St Kilda Esplanade Market
Come and find your treasure and shop handmade goods at Melbournebest outdoor market by the sea. Set against the backdrop of St Kilda Beach, our vibrant makers' market features more than 150 unique stalls of handcrafted artwork, jewellery, clothing, as well as a foodie zone. It's an inspiring weekly destination for Melburnians and tourists alike.
The market runs from Luna Park all the way to Fitzroy Street, and is a great place to start when exploring St Kilda.
Tram: Route 3a, 16 or 96 to stop 138
Open: Every Sunday from 10am
Upper Esplanade, St Kilda
Website: stkildaesplanademarket. com. Au
Melbourne Star Observation Wheel
Located in the city’s waterfront zone of Docklands, Melbourne Star is the perfect way to start your Melbourne visit. Hear stories of the city's origins and its place in the world while taking in Views stretching up to 40 kilometres.
Special Offer: Present this ad for 20 % off full-price general admission tickets
Open: Daily; May-Aug, 11am to 7pm; Sep-Apr, 11am to 10pm；
Christmas Day, 1pm to 10pm.
Last flight departs 30 minutes before closing time
Last ticket sales 45 minutes before closing time
Tram: Route 35, 70 or 86 to stop D11, free from CBD
101 Waterfront Way, Docklands
Tel: 03 8688 9688
Website: melbournestar. Com
Puffing Billy Railway
Loved by locals and visitors from around the world, Puffing Billy is Australia's favourite steam train. Experience the historic train as it travels through the Dandenong Ranges, located only one-hour east of Melbourne. An authentic open-carriage train journey with trains departing from Belgrave and Lakeside stations.
Tours are offered by all major day-tour operators.
Train: Belgrave Line to Belgrave Station
Open: Daily except Christmas Day
1 Old Monbulk Road, Belgrave
Tel: 03 9757 0700
Website: puffingbtlly. com. au
1. What is the feature of Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria?| A．It’s not open every day. | B．It’s specially designed. |
| C．It’s far from the city. | D．It’s quite large in size. |
| A．6. 15pm | B．6. 30pm |
| C．9. 15pm | D．9. 30pm |
| A．Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria | B．St Kilda Esplanade Market |
| C．Melbourne Star Observation Wheel | D．Puffing Billy Railway |
【推荐2】Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound.
The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to get rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation. Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
1. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?| A．Longer life expectancies. |
| B．A rapid technological advance. |
| C．Profound changes in the workforce. |
| D．A growing number of the well-educated. |
| A．Economic growth will slow down. |
| B．Government budgets will increase |
| C．More people will try to pursue higher education. |
| D．There will be more competition in the job market. |
| A．Unskilled workers m ay choose to retire early. |
| B．More people have to receive in-service training. |
| C．Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. |
| D．People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. |
| A．Computers will do more complicated work. |
| B．More will be taken by the educated young. |
| C．Most jobs to be done will be creative ones |
| D．Skills are highly valued regardless of age |
【推荐3】Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the last great modernist architects, has died aged 102.Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s.
Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed.But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over.His glass pyramid outside the Louvre, completed in 1989, is now one of Paris' most famous landmarks.
Pei was born in China in 1917 into a wealthy family.His father was a banker.His artistic mother—a calligrapher and musician—had the greater influence on him.Despite not speaking English, he moved to the US at the age of 18 to study at Pennsylvania, MIT and Harvard.He worked as a research scientist for the US government during World War Two, and went on to work as an architect, founding his own firm in 1955.He carried on working well into old age, creating one of his most famous masterpieces—the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar—in his 80s.
He has designed buildings, hotels, schools and other structures across North America, Asia and Europe.His other work includes Dallas City Hall and Japan's Miho Museum.His style was influenced by his love of Islamic architecture.His favoured building materials were glass and steel, with a combination of concrete.
He won a variety of awards and prizes for his buildings, including the AIA Gold Medal, the Praemium Imperiale for Architecture.In 1983 Pei was given the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize for giving the 20th century some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms.He used his $100,000 prize money to start a scholarship fund for Chinese students to study architecture in America.In person, Pei was always neatly dressed, good-tempered, charming and unusually modest.
1. What do we know about Pei and his work on the Louvre Museum?| A．The French approved of his designs at first. |
| B．Pei was the only foreign expert employed by the Louvre. |
| C．Pei made use of glass in his designs. |
| D．Pei retired after completing the work. |
①He received the Pritzker Architecture Prize.
②He founded his own firm.
③He created the Museum of Islamic Art.
④He worked as a research scientist.
| A．①③②④ | B．④①②③ |
| C．④②①③ | D．①④③② |
| A．Productive and humorous. | B．Generous and modest. |
| C．Determined and outgoing. | D．Attractive and responsible. |
| A．Louvre Pyramid Architect Dies Aged 102 | B．Prizes Awarded to Pei |
| C．Landmarks Created by Pei | D．A Famous Architect Passed Away |
【推荐1】I came to study in the United States a year ago .Yet I did not know the real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court.
After the accident .my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I’d have to have a good lawyer. And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer .Now that he had helped me find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.
But every day I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time .The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.
My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. He knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss him. And he made me pay him $770.
Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance company the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time…and I left without getting a cent.
1. The author’s roommate offered to help him because________.| A．he felt sorry for the author |
| B．he thought it was a chance to make some money |
| C．he knew the doctor was a very good one |
| D．he wanted the author to have a good lawyer |
| A．be properly treated |
| B．talk with the person responsible for the accident |
| C．recover before he leaves America |
| D．eventually get the responsible party（当事人） to pay for his injury |
| A．be responsible | B．accuse | C．ask as a price | D．demand |
| A．friendly | B．selfish | C．professional | D．busy |
【推荐2】Even if you don't know much about Russian author Maxim Gorky (1868-1936), you may be familiar with his famous poem The Song of the Stormy Petrel since its ending note “Let it break in all its fury!" has been encouraging generations of people for years now.
Gorky was a highly influential author. More than any other writer, he laid the foundations for the famous literary style known as socialist realism. In this kind of writing, the author uses literary techniques to create the impression of reality in his or her writings.
March 16 this year marked the 152th anniversary of Gorky's birth.
He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty. As he grew older, he would take a job and then quickly move on to another. He tried many jobs, but the one that he seemed to love the most was being a journalist.
It was in this job that he gained a particular impression of the world — that it was horriblyinequitablein its treatment of the poor. It was a world, therefore, that had to go. Gorky was naturally attracted to the political movement of Marxian social democracy.He knew many revolutionaries including the most important one of all, Vladimir Lenin(1870-1924). The two became friends in 1903 and The Song of the Stormy Petrel was one of Lenin's favorite works by Gorky.
Asa writer, Gorky naturally valued literature. But lie also valued life experience, of which he had plenty. The key to being a modern person, he thought, was to acquire a critical attitude: “Keep reading books, but remember that a book's only a book, and you should learn to think for yourself,” he once said.
1. What can we learn about Gorky's childhood?| A．He lived an extraordinary life. | B．He tried few jobs. |
| C．He led a hard life. | D．He grew up by himself |
| A．Unconditional. | B．Unfair. |
| C．Unreal. | D．Unfriendly. |
| A．He valued critical thinking. | B．He was of little influence. |
| C．He was easy to bow before difficulties. | D．He discounted life experience. |
| A．Gorky and his family. | B．The hardship Gorky experienced. |
| C．Gorky's famous works. | D．Gorky's influence in literature and his life. |
【推荐3】At heart, parents always wish the best for their children, and they work hard for that. Nowadays, we see parents deciding the schools for their little ones before the baby is even born. Once kids start going to school, some parents want to have a time-to-time update of their kid's activities. They want to come to the classroom every day, keep an eye on whom they talk to, know the friends they keep, start telling them how to do their job, and keep talking or giving a feedback(反馈) to them about everything under the sun. Besides, they send their kids for extra hobby classes, as they want their children to do best in every field.
When it comes to the education, super mom and dad have all the plans made for their children, and I am sure that they have come up with the best. So, try to fight for the dreams that your parents have set for you. However, in some cases, it may happen that the kids have some different dreams. Parents sometimes don't even consider the choice of their kids and may force them to do what they wanted to do in life. It's good to plan the future for the children, but leave at least some decisions to them.
So what should the children do? First, hear out all the plans that your parents have made for you. If you have some different ideas, then sit down and talk to your family about it. Be patient and respect their decisions, but put your plan forth, and make them understand what you want to do and why. Many times, you are not aware of the difficulties that you may have to face while pursuing your dreams. Ask your parents for suggestions, which will make them feel good and involved. That way, they may support you if you are going on the right path.
1. The parents described in Paragraph 1 tend to .| A．have a good understanding of their children |
| B．worry a lot about their children |
| C．take good care of their children |
| D．expect too much from their children |
| A．children to do as they are told |
| B．children to turn a deaf ear to their parents |
| C．parents to respect their children’s choices |
| D．parents to do everything for their children |
| A．going after | B．planning for |
| C．adapting to | D．preparing for |
| A．Opposed | B．Doubtful |
| C．Uncaring | D．Supportive |
【推荐1】I have a rule for travel:Never carry a map.I prefer to ask for directions.
Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don’t have names.In Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example,the Japanese will say to travellers,“Go straight down to the corner.Turn left at the big hotel and go pass a fruit market.The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest,usually there are not many landmarks.There are no mountains,so the land is very flat(平坦的).In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles.Instead of landmarks,people will tell you directions and distance.In Kansas or Iowa,for example,people will say,“Go north two miles.Turn east,and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles,California,have no idea of distance on the map:They measure distance by means of time,not miles.“How far away is the post office?” you ask.“Oh,” they answer,“It’s about five minutes from here.” you say,“Yes,but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.
People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because visitors seldom understand the Greek language.Instead of giving you the direction,a Greek will often say,“Follow me.” Then he’ll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office.
Sometimes a person doesn’t know the answer to your question.What happens in this situation?A New Yorker might say,“Sorry,I have no idea.” But in Yucatan,Mexico,no one answers,“I don’t know.” People in Yucatan think that “I don’t know” is impolite.They usually give an answer,often a wrong one.A visitor can get very,very lost in Yucatan!
One thing will help you everywhere—in Japan,in the United States,in Greece,in Mexico,or in any other place.You might not understand a person’s words,but maybe you can understand his body language.He or she will usually turn and then point in the correct direction.Go in that direction,and you may find the post office!
1. The passage mainly tells us that .| A．never carry a map for travel |
| B．there are not many landmarks in the American Midwest |
| C．there are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world |
| D．New Yorkers often say,“I have no idea,” but people in Yucatan,Mexico,never say “I don’t know.” |
| A．building names |
| B．street names |
| C．hotels,markets and bus stops |
| D．buildings or places which are easily recognised |
| A．Japan. | B．American Midwest. |
| C．Los Angeles,California. | D．Greece. |
| A．People in different places always give directions in the same way:They use street names. |
| B．A person’s body language can help you understand directions. |
| C．People in some places give directions in miles,but people in other places give directions by means of time. |
| D．Travellers can learn about people’s customs by asking questions about directions. |
【推荐2】Your best friends may just be your worst enemies, especially when it comes to young women checking out images of their friends on social media sites.
This is according to a recent study carried out by researchers at the Center for Emotional Health at Macquarie University, Australia. The study found that young women are much more likely to be affected by images of their friends on social media than those of celebrities (名人)in traditional media.
A hundred and fifty female undergraduate students were questioned in five daily surveys over a five-day period. The students were asked questions such as whether they had compared their appearance with someone were asked questions such as whether they had compared their appearance with someone else’s, and whether they made that comparison after looking at social media, traditional media or in person.
Results showed that young women are more likely to compare their appearance with that of their peers’ (同龄人的) images on social media than those of models’ or movie stars’ in traditional media. Most students thought others looked better than them on social media. This led some to diet and exercise, although the majority of those who did were not overweight and didn’t need to do so.
The negative effect images of skinny models in mass media has on young women is a well-known source of concern throughout the world, but social media appear t make things worse.
Jasmine Fardouly, lead researcher in the study, explained why social media might be more damaging than traditional media.
“Celebrities may seem more distant and their appearance may have less influence than people you work with or see regularly,” she told The Guardian.
In Fardouly’s opinion, people could unfollow or avoid those who post highly improved images of themselves. This may reduce how often people think others look more attractive than them on social media.
But more critical (批判的) thinking may also do the trick. “When surfing social media, it may be helpful for people to stop and think about the motivation behind each post and question how realistic each image is,” Fardouly wrote on news site The Conversation.
1. “Your best friends may just be your worst enemies”, because_____.| A．your friends might hurt you badly when you become their enemy |
| B．you feel unhappy because your friends look more attractive than you in person |
| C．your friends beat you in appearance when you compare their images on social media |
| D．you disappoint your friends because you don’t look better on social media than on traditional media |
| A．the skinny models on TV have some influence on them |
| B．celebrities in traditional media have a far greater influence on them |
| C．they concern more about their images online with the widespread use of social media |
| D．they tend to compare and compete after they see their friends’ images on social media |
| A．meet the desired result | B．make people feel worse |
| C．remind people of something | D．develop people’s interest |
【推荐3】It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.
What is the best time to visit Bali on a budget?
If you’re on a budget, consider visiting Bali during the lower, wetter season, which runs from October through March. The crowds will be fewer, and both hotel rates and flights from abroad are often cheaper, except during the holiday period between mid-December and early January, when crowds swell. The only trade-off for the lower prices is the wet season. This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy season, it doesn’t usually rain all day long. Expect bursts of sunshine between the storms.
What is the cheapest way to get around Bali?
The absolute cheapest way to get around Bali is by local bus, but it can take a long time. There are also tourist buses, including hop-on, hop-off options, that travel between different hubs across the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, both of the car and motorbike variety, and the prices tend to be affordable by international standards. Most drivers will offer you a fixed rate for full-day hires or to get from point A to point B, rather than using a meter.
Remember to bargain; doing so is particularly easy when a driver is on his own rather than at a taxi stand.
How much does food cost in Bali?
If you’re into fine dining, you can end up spending a large chunk of your budget on food. Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget. A good meal should cost you around 100,000 rupiah (around $7), but if you’re willing to subsist mostly off of local specialties such as nasi goreng (fried rice) and eat at local restaurants, you can expect to pay around 30,000 rupiah ($2) to get fed. Best of all, most hotels and guesthouses in Bali come with free breakfast, and many offer heavier options of noodles and meat that may keep you full until lunch.
1. Which of the following situation can be best described by the underlined word trade-off in paragraph 2?| A．Jack got a reward after he returned the lost bag to its owner. |
| B．Lily spent much money buying some handicrafts at the local fair. |
| C．Wendy cancelled her trip in order to prevent the spread of the virus. |
| D．Sam was scolded by his parents for what he did in school last night. |
| A．It’s better for outdoor enthusiasts to visit Bali during the off season. |
| B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers before the taxi pulls out from the station. |
| C．If on a tight budget, one is advised to visit Bali at the end of December every year. |
| D．It’s relatively economical to eat merely at average restaurants tailored to visitors. |
| A．City and Transport. | B．Travel and Recreation. |
| C．Nature and Environment. | D．Food and Health. |
