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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:804 题号:6031939

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the ground—and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).


Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has. For example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
1. According to some developmental psychologists, ________.
A.a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.
B.scientific research into babies; games is possible
C.the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D.a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B.scientists and babies often interact with each other
C.babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
3. Children may learn the rules of language by ________.
A.exploring the physical world
B.investigating human psychology
C.repeating their own experiments
D.observing their parents’ behaviors
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B.Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
5. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A.Convincing.B.Confused.
C.Confidence.D.Cautious.

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阅读理解-七选五(约230词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了四种表明你变得成熟的迹象。

【推荐1】Signs That You Are Growing

Growing is a lifelong process. Here are the signs that show that you are actually growing and not getting stuck in the process.

    1    

Often, we see how badly people look when they get overly upset due to unimportant things. So the first sign of maturity (成熟) is letting the small things go and not getting angry over a tiny detail that didn’t go as you planned.

You start forgiving and understanding other people

When we are young, we are often unforgiving. As we mature, we are better able to understand the world beyond black and white.     2    . It enables us to look beyond the obvious and let go of simple judgments. We begin to understand better that others have complex (复杂的) lives and personalities, and so we become more willing to forgive their mistakes.

You always complete things that matter

Immature people don’t know when to commit (承诺) themselves and their energy or resources are always not well employed.     3    . In this way, they can often keep their promises and honor their commitments.

You accept the possibility of being wrong

    4    . They are always able to accept the possibility that they are wrong, that they don’t know something, because there is always more to learn.

Being mature is knowing that you are always growing up. You are never done learning and developing. This means that you don’t set yourself up as the highest authority.     5    .

A.You follow the crowd
B.You let the small things go
C.Instead, mature people focus on completing things that matter
D.Immature and mature people can both have plans for their lives
E.Rather, you open your mind to other ideas and new possibilities
F.Becoming more understanding is a sign of strength, not weakness
G.Mature people appear more confident, however, they are not overconfident
2023-10-05更新 | 273次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约440词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究,研究人员发现快速地喝一杯酒,你会发现自己说第二种语言更自然,文章中详细介绍这一研究的开展过程和发现,同时,研究人员提出,不要对此研究做过度的推断,且强调这项研究的参与者饮酒量较低。

【推荐2】Alcohol and Language Speaking

Take a quick tipple and you could find yourself speaking a second tongue more naturally, according to new research. The foreign language skills of participants in the study were found to be improved after a drink of alcohol, which suggests the way booze can put us at ease outweighs the negative effects on our brain—at least for the first drink, anyway. The international team of researchers is warning against reading too much into their experiment, but it could reveal some interesting insights into the anxiety associated with speaking another language, and how alcohol can help us overcome it.

“Our study shows that acute alcohol consumption may have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language in people who recently learned that language,” says one of the team, Inge Kersbergen from the University of Liverpool in the UK. The study involved 50 native German speakers studying Dutch at a Dutch university, who had recently learned to speak, read, and write in the new language. Based on random selections, participants were either given alcohol or water as a control beverage. The amount of alcohol varied based on body size, but was the equivalent of just under a pint(460 milliliters) of 5 percent beer for a 70kg male. They then chatted to a researcher for five minutes, before an audio recording was assessed by two native Dutch speakers who weren’t told whether alcohol had been consumed or not. The participants were also asked to rate their own Dutch language skills over the course of the chat. While the alcohol didn’t affect how the students rated themselves, those people who had been given the alcoholic drink were given better ratings by the observers, especially for their pronunciation.

With only 50 people involved in the research, we should be wary of making too many generalizations on this study alone, but it’s an interesting pointer towards how a little bit of drink could grease the wheels as far as talking in a foreign language is concerned.

“It is important to point out that participants in this study consumed a low dose of alcohol,” adds one of the team, “Higher levels of alcohol consumption might not have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language.” In other words, this effect probably doesn’t get better if you just keep on drinking—eventually no one will be able to understand you at all.

1. What does “outweigh” mean in the first paragraph?
A.The former is heavier than the latter.
B.The former is of greater importance, benefit, or significance than the latter.
C.The former is lighter than the latter.
D.The former is of less importance, benefit, or significance than the latter.
2. Which statement is true of the international team of researchers?
A.Researchers of the team agree to all public interpretations of their experiments.
B.The team finds that alcohol may have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language in people who recently learned that language.
C.Their study involved 50 native Dutch speakers studying German at a German university.
D.Every participant is given the same amount of alcohol.
3. We should be wary of making too many generalizations on this study alone because________
A.The study is not accountable and authoritative.
B.The study hasn’t been carried out yet.
C.The size of participants is too small.
D.The process of the study is flawed.
4. Where might the research be published?
A.The research may be published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology.
B.The research may be published in the Journal of History.
C.The research may be published in the Journal of Archaeology.
D.The research may be published in the Journal of Arts and Culture.
5. Which of the following statements is right?
A.If you want to improve your pronunciation, you should drink as much as possible.
B.Higher levels of alcohol consumption will have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language.
C.Man needs a great larger dose of alcohol than woman does so as to improve their oral speaking.
D.A low dose of alcohol will be helpful for language speaking.
2022-04-21更新 | 40次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐3】When you’re walking your dog in the park, he comes across another dog. The dogs look at each other, sniff each other, and walk circles around each other. And then the fight begins. But is it really a fight, or is it just play-fighting? It’s very important for you to know whether he’s in any true danger.

Dog owners everywhere like to take their dogs to the park to play. But is their behavior best described as “play”? Scientists have used the word “play” to describe any behavior that does not have any obvious purpose.

The natural world is filled with examples of such “purposeless activities”. Bernd Heinrich and Rachel Smolker describe a common activity among ravens(乌鸦): snowboarding. Ravens in Alaska and Northern Canada are known to slide down steep, snow-covered roofs. When they reach the bottom, they walk or fly back to the top, and repeat the process over and over again. In Maine, ravens were observed sliding down small hills of snow. “We see no obvious practical function for sliding behavior,” they write. Anyone who has spent time in a school playground will recognize that ravens and children both like this type of sliding activity.

It is easy to see that play may sometimes have a purpose. Given that young animals borrow actions from fighting, hunting, or other behaviors, play may serve as a for m of practice. Play might help animals become more flexible and prepare better for their future life.

So next time you walk by a playground or a schoolyard, take a look around. The kinds of games that young children play may look like simpler forms of play seen in animals. Some children may remind you of the snowboarding raven, just trying to have a good time. Other games, though, might have a deeper purpose, helping children learn their place in the social world within which they live.

1. What does “play” refer to according to scientists?
A.Children’s activities.B.Walking dogs in the park.
C.The fighting between animals.D.Activities without obvious purpose.
2. How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A.Giving an example.B.Providing a way.
C.Offering a reason.D.Asking for advice.
3. What does the underlined word “snowboarding” mean in the third paragraph?
A.Flying to the top of snow-covered roofs.
B.Hiding in the snow hole.
C.Sliding down roofs covered with deep snow.
D.Walking on the snow-covered ground.
4. What is the advantage of young animals’ playing?
A.Learn some living skills.B.Get along well with others.
C.Be the ruler of the animal world.D.Practice sliding and running.
2022-07-13更新 | 39次组卷
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