【推荐2】Although many over-processed foods can satisfy the desire for sweet, fatty, salty foods, research suggests these items are particularly bad for the heart and brain, with mood and cognition taking a hit.

The most recent research looking at the _______ of over-processed food found the most far-reaching results. Researchers _______ direct links between higher consumption of over-processed foods and a greater risk of many health issues.

These results are _______ earlier studies. Diets high in these foods were linked to greater risk of depression and anxiety, according to an analysis published in the journal Nutrients. In one of these studies, risk rose from _______ just 33 percent of calories from over-processed food. A separate study found that taking in just 20 percent of calories from these foods was linked to a 28 percent faster rate of cognitive _______ compared with people who ate less processed food.

Also _______ is a study tracking about half a million people living in England, Scotland, and Wales that found the risk of dementia (痴呆) went up by 25 percent for every 10 percent increase in over-processed food. While the exact cause-and-effect relationship is still unknown, the strongest evidence from prospective studies _______ the idea that eating high amounts of over-processed foods increases the risk of depression in the future.

It is common knowledge that eating too much salt or sugar is linked to high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes. What the public may not appreciate, _______, is that all these conditions affect the brain by raising the risk for dementia. _______ such as certain artificial sweeteners may also disturb the production and release of brain chemicals, such as dopamine, which can negatively affect mental and emotional ________.

Another problem with over-processed foods is that they might be addictive. Over-processed foods have more in common with a(n) ________ than foods by Mother Nature. Humans have evolved to respond to foods that are sweet, fatty, and high in calories. For most of human existence this helped us ________. But in nature, foods are ________ modestly high in sugar — like berries — or high in fat, like nuts. You don’t find foods high in both sugar and fat. That’s a distinctive ________ of over-processed foods. Add in salt, artificial flavorings and bright colors, and our brain simply ________ these foods.

【推荐3】Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. On a cold winter’s day, few cooking pleasures can ____it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this ____ should be expressed in yet another guilty pleasure ____ to damage our health.

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has ____ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures. This means that people should ____ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only ____ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? ____ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no ____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.

Scientists say the compound is “likely to be carcinogenic” but have no hard scientific proof. ____ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is ____ to follow the FSA advice. After all, it was ____ that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a connection.

Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be served up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? ____, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods ____, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their ____ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just ____ with no one listening.

【推荐1】It’s cool to be a fool in school, obviously. Research from Florida Atlantic University shows that aggressive, troublesome adolescents often end up becoming quite ________ among their peers (同龄人).

Importantly, researchers explain that being popular and having friends aren’t one in the same. Popularity ________ that everyone knows you, but they may not necessarily ________ you as a good friend. Study authors theorize that certain children ________ popularity to lots of friends. Why?

Being popular is thought a major status symbol for an ________. While it is certainly ________ that many popular children are fun and ________ , others are troublemakers.

The team at FAU performed a study to test their ________ that disruptive (破坏性的) children often start conflicts with their fellow classmates to ________ their social standing and become more popular. The results showed that higher initial levels of peer-reported ________ and disruptiveness were indeed associated with an ________ in peer-reported popularity during the semester. This was especially true for kids reporting frequent ________ with peers.

Aggression, ________ , occurs in the heat of the moment during a conflict of some kind. Researchers theorize that many kids just want to avoid quarrels, or perhaps even ________ harm. In such cases they usually ________ when challenged by an aggressive peer. These ________ “ provide visible evidence of dominance (支配地位) and ___ short-term gains in popularity” for the aggressor, the authors ________.

While researchers don’t think ________ is enough by itself to boost up (提高) one’s overall social status, they do ________ it can be used as an effective way of improving certain aspects of popularity.