【推荐1】Poor Study Habits

Studying is an art. Many students do not know how to do it properly, though. It seems as if they are always behind schedule when it comes to handing in homework, or preparing for a test.    1    Besides, we also show students how to deal with these problems.

    2    They put off their tasks until it is almost impossible to do well on them. There are many ways you can use, for example, better time management. However, for no delay, personal inner motivation(动力) is   more important than outer motivation.

Following motivation, each person studies better in certain places. Libraries, cafes, studying rooms in schools, and more, are often referred to as good places to devote yourself to your tasks.    3    In this way, you can see what works best for your brain. You will never know for sure where you study best until you try out many different locations.

Along the same lines with atmosphere, you should know how to get rid of distractions(分心) when studying. There is nothing worse than something breaking your flow when you working on your tasks.    4    When you study, you need to get into a certain mind state and space helpful for studying.

Apart from the above, you should take neat notes.    5    Also, you can memorize data yourbrain needs to use for tests. Taking good notes during class keeps you focused on the learning process rather than on your friend' s jokes, for instance. Having good attention during class can change your grade.

【推荐2】Improving your family life can help make your family members closer and prevent conflicts from getting in the way of everyone's happiness. But at times it seems difficult.     1     Here are some concrete steps to make your life more enjoyable.

Do household chores (杂务) together.     2     However, sharing household responsibilities can help everyone in your family feel happy. Try to make it as fun as possible, such as by playing music or having contests. Besides, divide chores up into age-appropriate categories. After dinner, the youngest could wipe the table, the oldest could fill the dishwasher, and you could put away leftovers.

    3     When someone expresses an opinion, don't interrupt them before they can finish speaking. Maintaining respectful communication channels will strengthen your bond.

Express love and appreciation frequently. Little verbal (口头的) and nonverbal gestures of affection go a long way.     4     If your sibling is doing their homework and there's an empty glass on their desk, ask them, "Hey, can I get you more water?"

Respect your parents' need to protect you. While children need increasing degrees of freedom as they get older, remember that your parents are in charge. Their job is to keep you safe and give you the tools you'll need to take care of yourself when you' re an adult. If your parent doesn't allow you to go out without an adult or makes you go to bed early, remember that they have your best interests in mind.     5    

【推荐3】Finish It and Forget It

Do you have a hard time leaving work at work? Is your to-do list so long that it is never possible to finish everything you set out to do in a day?     1     You may start with leaving your work at work．When your work day ends, you should try to move from your professional life mode（模式）to your personal life mode．

Leave your to-dos to the next day．

Often, to-do lists are quite unrealistic．    2     Be honest with yourself about what you can actually complete in a day．If something doesn't get completed, move it to another day．

You needn't solve all the conflicts and problems in one day．

If you've had a tough day, don't feel pressured to always solve the issue the same day．It doesn't mean that you should avoid difficult conversations, but rather that it is important to find the right time to have them．    3    

Clear your mind to focus on the present．

When you find yourself focusing on all that you haven't finished during the day, take a deep breath, leave in behind．Never beat yourself up over moment than have passed earlier in your day that you will never get back．    4     For it, too, can never be regained．

End your day on purpose．

    5     Do you drop off to sleep while reading a book? Studies show that most people have a more restful night's sleep when they have a bed time routine（常规做法）consisting of no lights and low or no noise in the hour before going to sleep．End your day intentionally and you will find yourself energized when you begin the next day!

【推荐1】Each year there are at least five million people around the world who develop serious flu (流感), and almost half a million deaths. When someone we know gets the flu virus, we expect them to be very careful not to pass it on to others. Doctors and nurses working with flu patients also need to protect themselves from the virus. But what is the best way to do this? This is the question that flu expert Professor Jonathan Van-Tam at Nottingham University is trying to answer. He wants to find out how flu is transmitted, so that he can stop doctors and nurses getting sick.

Van-Tam explains their method, “There are 41 volunteers in my experiment. Some healthy volunteers are made to get flu first. When they show symptoms, other volunteers, usually called recipients (接受者), enter the house. Everyone lives together in the small space for four days. Some of the recipients wear face masks, and wash their hands every 15 minutes, but some have no protection. In this way we can study who catches the flu and which ways of transmitting flu are important. During the four days when they are in contact with the virus, and for the ten days after that, the flu recipients are checked regularly.”

The experiment is not simple and it is very expensive. It is difficult to design correctly, and it is also difficult to plan and carry out. Just one study like this takes about 18 months to organise and needs hundreds of people working on it. But Van-Tam believes it is worth because the results will help to decide what type of protection is needed for people working in hospitals with large numbers of flu patients around the world. And perhaps it could reduce the number of deaths from flu each year.

【推荐2】Artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible.

Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important to making decisions.”

David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that “machines are not going to take the place of doctors.” “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize these patterns by itself.”

Once a cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue (组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.

The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. The University of Southern California researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.

【推荐3】People with genetic syndromes(综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露秘密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.

Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt --- or overall impression --- of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.

They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time.

Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.

As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.

The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians(临床医生). Clinically, this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.