【推荐1】Scientists have found that floating solar panels (太阳能板) could provide a huge amount of electricity if they were placed on lakes and other bodies of water around the world. Floating solar panels could also help save water and protect land.

Solar panels—also known as “photovoltaic” panels—are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”.

The researchers behind the new study looked at 114,555 reservoirs (水库) worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large - more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year. And 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world. The researchers described the results as “remarkable”.

The scientists found that floatovoltaics would be especially conducive when reservoirs were near smaller cities(50,000 people or less). The researchers say there are about 6,256 small cities around the world where floating solar panels could provide all the electricity the cities need.

Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year. There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea. Photovoltaic panels work better when they’re not extremely hot. The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy. Putting solar panels on water also means that there’s no need to clear land for a solar farm. That’s more and more important as countries work to fight climate change and protect natural spaces for wild animals.

1. What did the researchers think of the study results?

A．Amazing.	B．Amusing.
C．Skeptical.	D．Instructive.

2. What does the underlined word “conducive” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Troublesome.	B．Affordable.
C．Demanding.	D．Useful.

3. What’s not an advantage of floatovoltaics over solar panels on land?

A．They can help save water.	B．They can be less expensive.
C．They can help protect wild land.	D．They can be more productive sometimes.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．The Methods of Floatovoltaics

B．The Prospects of Solar Panels

C．Solar Farms—Turning Sunlight into Electricity

D．Floating Solar Panels—Making Energy, Saving water

【推荐2】What if “looking your age” refers not to your face, but to your chest? Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. More importantly, when it is different from the chronological age (实足年龄), it can signal a link with chronic (慢性的) diseases. These findings mark a breakthrough in medical imaging, paving the way for improved early disease detection and intervention.

The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. They then applied the model to radiographs of patients with known diseases to analyze the relationship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained on a single dataset tends to over fit, the researchers collected data from multiple institutions.

For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities.

To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases.

“Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.”

1. What is the AI model used to do?

A．Tell a patient’s chronological age.

B．Estimate an individual’s biological age.

C．Develop advanced chest radiographs.

D．Analyze individuals’ workout habits.

2. What did the research team do for their research?

A．They followed patients for over two decades.

B．They obtained data from the same institution.

C．They collected a large number of chest radiographs.

D．They had face-to-face talks with healthy individuals.

3. How did the research team know if individuals might be sick?

A．By making comparisons. “

B．By interviewing their doctors.

C．By observing them in their lab.

D．By analyzing causes and effects.

4. What do the researchers aim to do with their research findings in the future?

A．Develop a new AI model for facial recognition.

B．Apply the research to estimate the severity of acute diseases.

C．Predict the weather using AI technology.

D．Apply the research to estimate the severity of chronic diseases and predict life expectancy.

5. Which of the following statement does Mr. Mitsuyama agree with?

A．The research is too complex to be carried out widely.

B．The AI model is expected to have a promising future.

C．Chronological age matters more than Al-estimated age.

D．The research findings have been well received in medicine.

【推荐3】These devices, along with many others, made the list of tech-related items available this holiday season.

Theragun Mini

The Theragun Mini is essentially a massage (按摩) gun that provides up to 2,400 beats per minute to relax muscles after a workout to prevent soreness. The device is designed for quietness and can last around two hours on a full charge; $199.99 at theragun.com.

Lenovo Smart Clock Essential

The Lenovo Smart Clock basically is a digital alarm clock attached to a Google smart speaker, which allows you to adjust settings with only your voice or play music. The simple LED display shows the lime, weather and day of the week, and it has a built-in nightlight. Its battery has a charge life of about half a month with continuous use. Starts at $29.99 at lenovo.com.

Fitbit Versa 3

Fitbit’s newest smartwatch offers built-in GPS tracking for those who prefer to log their exercise outings without the need to carry a phone. If your focus is fitness, the Versa, which has a larges, color touchscreen display, could be considered a less expensive option to Apple’s smartwatch. The Versa’s battery can last up to six days; $229. 95 at fitbit.com.

Amazon Echo Dot and Echo Dot Kids

The fourth generation of Amazon’s smart speaker now has a round shape and comes in two editions: regular and one for kids. It operates the same way as other smart speakers in the Echo line, allowing users to ask the device to play music or give the latest news headlines. The kids version comes with a free subscription to Amazon Kids+, which has access to child-friendly digital books and games. Its battery can last around seven hours on a full charge, starting at $49.99 at amazon.com.

1. Whose battery can work the longest lime on a full charge?

A．Fitbit Versa 3.

B．Theragun Mini.

C．Lenovo Smart Clock Essential.

D．Amazon Echo Dot and Echo Dot Kids.

2. What do Theragun Mini and Fitbit Versa 3 have in common?

A．They both offer built-in GPS.

B．They both have color touchscreen.

C．They are both suitable for workout lovers.

D．They both can be bought at the same website.

3. What can we do with Amazon Echo Dot and Echo Dot Kids?

A．Purchase any digital books.

B．Keep informed of our homework.

C．Download videos from the Internet.

D．Subscribe to Amazon Kids+ for free.

【推荐1】The daughter of a friend of mine recently left university and entered into the world of work, taking on a temporary office job. At the end of her first week at work, she phoned home in tears and complained to her mother, "There's no time to do anything else. I'm so tired when I get home in the evenings that all I can do is watching TV. Then I have to rise early the next morning and do it again! If this is what work is like, I don't want to spend my whole life doing it!"

We take it for granted that work must be a major part of our lives—in fact, for many people, it's the primary aspect of our lives. We define ourselves and measure our happiness in terms of how successful we are in these roles. Normally, 40 hours a week, 48 weeks a year, for up to 50 years—not including traveling time and the time we spend resting.

Is this really what we were born for? Is this really what life should be about?

Of course, if you're lucky, you might have a satisfying job which suits your inborn interests and skills, and which is challenging and inspiring. In that case, your job may provide you with what psychologists call "flow"—a state of intense absorption, which makes you feel engaged and alive. Perhaps the majority of people aren't that lucky and do jobs which are repetitive and boring. But I would argue that, even if your job does provide you with "flow", work should just be an aspect of our lives, rather than its defining feature. Working 40 hours a week makes our lives become narrow and restricted, so we lose sight of other possibilities. There's so much to learn in life, so many different ways to develop, so many experiences to absorb, so many activities and adventures to enjoy, but while we spend so much time working, it's difficult to find time and energy for these.

1. What did the daughter mainly complain about?

A．Her boss's watchful eyes.	B．Her boring life after work.
C．Her endless work in office.	D．Her getting up early in the morning.

2. How does one feel if his job provides him with "flow"?

A．Content and focused.	B．Occupied and tired.
C．Dynamic and relaxed.	D．Challenged and worried.

3. Which of the following is true according to the author?

A．People with satisfying jobs tend to work all the time.

B．Many people have no idea what they really like.

C．Work is the most important thing in one's life.

D．Most people are not satisfied with their jobs.

4. Which word best describes the author's attitude to working 40 hours a week?

A．Ambiguous.

B．Favorable.

C．Concerned.

D．Uncaring.

【推荐2】Pei Ju was a government official who served during both the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties (朝代), but he had very different reputations (名声) in these two periods.

According to historical records, Pei often flattered (奉承) Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty. He never disagreed with the emperor’s ideas even though he knew they might be wrong. Knowing that Emperor Yangdi was very warlike, Pei suggested fighting many wars. This, however, led to Sui’s downfall, as the wars cost too many human and material resources.

When the Tang Dynasty was set up, Pei started to work for the new government. He seemed to become a totally different person. Instead of flattering Emperor Taizong, Pei always spoke out against his wrongs and tried his best to help Taizong make the right decisions.

Why did Pei change? According to Chinese historian Sima Guang (1019-1086), Pei was affected by who he worked for. Emperor Yangdi hated to be criticized (批评), while Emperor Taizong loved to hear honest and direct advice. That made the difference.

In this story, Pei Ju may not be a perfect role model for us. He seemed to be a person who “trims his sail to the wind (见风使舵)”. What we can learn from this, however, is that our conditions make a difference. A good environment encourages you to do good acts, while a bad one may lead you to do bad things. That’s why people say “a fine bird rests only on a fine tree, and a virtuous minister only serves a virtuous master(良禽择木而栖，贤臣择主而事)”. We should also try to put ourselves in a good environment where we can meet good teachers and friends.

On the other hand, the story also shows that only those who are willing to hear criticism can benefit from it.

In 2012, President Xi Jinping told this story at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee. He said that government officials should be open-minded and welcome honest and direct advice.

This also applies to us. Do you want fake friends who only please you but don’t care about you, or true friends who can sincerely point out your mistakes? It’s up to you.

1. What was Pei like when he was an official during the Sui Dynasty?

A．He always agreed with the emperor.

B．He knew very little about the emperor.

C．He fought many wars for the emperor.

D．He never spoke in front of the emperor.

2. Why was Pei so honest with Emperor Taizong?

A．Because Taizong treated him well.

B．Because he enjoyed challenging others.

C．Because Taizong could accept honest and direct advice.

D．Because he didn’t like the new government.

3. What does the author think about Pei?

A．He was a perfect role model.

B．He did many undesirable things.

C．He was influenced by his environment.

D．He should have chosen a better master to serve.

4. What can we learn from the story?

A．We shouldn’t make friends with people like Pei.

B．Being honest and direct with others can stop from making new friends.

C．Criticizing others can help us improve.

D．We should be open-minded and welcome honest and direct advice.

【推荐1】We’ve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.

A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary (久坐的) behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe, a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.

The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair, the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.

What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.

It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to improve cognition; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli, like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 32-millisecond margin.

The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.

I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” sitting with chin on hand.

They were wrong. You can now all stand up.

1. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?

A．Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.

B．Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.

C．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.

D．Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.

2. What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Blank.

B．Edge.

C．Increase.

D．Difference.

3. What is the received idea about deep thought?

A．Sitting more is good for our mental health.	B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．Thinking more can improve our cognition.	D．We should stand while thinking.

4. What does the text mainly tells us?

A．People tend to sit while thinking.

B．Standing more can make our brain healthier.

C．Physical exercise can improve our brain health.

D．Sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems.

【推荐2】A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives---especially those that are open about any bias(偏向). “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately(密切地) and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting(抵制) this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills---and in their choices on when to share on social media.

1. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on ________.

A．the justification of the news-filtering practice

B．peoples preference for social media platforms

C．the administration’s ability to handle information

D．the reliability of social media as a source of news

2. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people ________.

A．prefer biased perspectives on news

B．tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace

C．check out news by referring to diverse resources

D．like to exchange views through “distributed trust”

3. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ________.

A．readers’ lack of knowledge	B．journalists’ mistaken reporting
C．readers’ misinterpretation	D．journalists’ made-up stories

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

B．A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

C．The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media

D．The Platforms for Projection of Personal Values and Interests

【推荐3】We can stay young forever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.

His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging.

Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has taken a hint from the ancient Chinese medicine system called "shen".

According to Shen, it is the kidney (肾脏)which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through. Studies conducted by Dr. Shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process, says a report in The Telegraph newspaper.

We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce T-cells. These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.

So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young?

This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell.

1. How did Dr. Shen find the solution to the problem of aging?

A．By studying Western medicine.

B．By learning traditional Chinese medicine.

C．By doing research on both Western and Chinese people.

D．By combining both Western and Chinese medicine.

2. What plays the most important role in keeping people young according to Shen?

A．Medical treatment.	B．People's good kidney.
C．Level of people's activity.	D．Positive life attitude.

3. The reason why people become old is that _____.

A．they become weaker and weaker

B．their bodies are unable to fight diseases

C．they have reduced strength, loss of hair

D．their bodies produce T-cells

4. We can probably learn from the passage that _____.

A．eating more low calorie food can allow people to keep young

B．the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink, the better for health

C．people should try to quicken the production of T-cells in the body

D．Dr. Shen's herbal medicine is very effective

【推荐1】All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine（涡轮机）, which supplies 5% of the store’s electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant.
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1, 500 trees,” says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott．“If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference.”
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions（排放）over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Mart’s fleet of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Wal-Mart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it’s working with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart’s controversial labor and health-insurance practices. But it’s not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “___________________________ We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保护）Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we’re doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything,” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the action they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit.
1. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．Lee Scott is Wal-Mart’s CEO

B．there are 5, 200 stores in the world

C．Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market

D．Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world

2. What does the underlined sentence “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy.” mean in the fourth paragraph?

A．Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity.

B．Wal-Mart’s green activity is just window dressing.

C．Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices.

D．Wal-Mart doesn’t have any social responsibility at all.

3. What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future?

A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores.

B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers.

C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.

D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Provide the background of the green plan.

B．Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart’s green plan.

C．Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays.

D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.

【推荐2】Is it to their body temperature? Save energy? Find food? Tiger sharks at Ninglaoo Reef are thought to search the seafloor for prey(猎物) as they dive down and scan for direction as they swim up to the surface. But could there be other reasons why the sharks continuously move up and down?

That’s what Sammy is hoping to find out for her Ph.D. research. Sammy attached tracking devices to 24 tiger sharks. Best described as Fitbits for sharks, the devices recorded activity rates and other data 20 times a second. Fitbits also contained video cameras, so Sammy could see the habitats the sharks moved through and the animals they met. She watched how the sharks reached to prey and how the prey reached to them.

Tiger sharks can be pretty lazy --- something as simple as a turtle noticing a shark and turning away could cause the shark not to bother hunting it. Stomach content analysis has found their normal prey items, such as turtles, rays and fish. But it has also found some really interesting things, such as licenses, cans and nails.

Sammy says that studying tiger sharks can help her better understand the ecosystem as a whole. How they move through water and feed can help her figure out how they might be influencing animals beneath them in the food chain.

“My time watching tiger sharks hunt was the best month of my Ph.D., if not any life.” Sammy says. “At first, I was a bit apprehensive about it...getting that close to some very big animals. But they were very chilled(温驯) once you had them controlled alongside the boat. They’d just sit there, you’d attached the tracking devices, you’d take the line off and they’d just swim off really calmly, it was pretty amazing to see. They’re just absolutely beautiful animals.”

1. Why does Sammy do her research?

A．To find some scientific data.

B．To develop others’ interest in tiger sharks.

C．To find out how tiger sharks move.

D．To further understand tiger sharks’ moving.

2. What does Sammy think of studying?

A．It’s of great benefit.

B．It’s a tiresome job.

C．It’s filled with challenges.

D．It’s simple and calls for little efforts.

3. What does the underlined word "apprehensive" in the last paragraph mean?

A．Curious.	B．Doubtful.
C．Fearful	D．Enthusiastic.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．How do tiger sharks find food?

B．Why do tiger sharks dive?

C．What can we do to protect tiger sharks?

D．What roles do tiger sharks play in the food chain?

【推荐3】Seasonal pumped hydropower storage（SPHS），an already established yet infrequently used technology ,could be an affordable and sustainable solution（解决方法）to store energy and water annually, according to new IIASA research published in the journal Nature Communications. Compared with other mature storage solutions, such as natural gas, the study shows that there is considerable potential for SPHS to provide highly competitive energy storage costs.

Seasonal pumped hydropower storage means pumping water into a deep storage reservoir（水库）, built parallel to a major river, during times of high water flow or low energy demand. When water is not enough or energy demand increases，stored water is then released from the reservoir to generate electricity.

The new study is the first to provide a global, high-resolution analysis of the potential and costs for SPHS technology. In their analysis, researchers assessed the theoretical global potential for storing energy and water seasonally with SPHS, focusing on the locations with the highest potential and lowest cost. They found that the technology would be particularly effective in the Himalayas, the Andes, Alps，and the Rocky Mountains, as well as mountainous regions in the Middle East, Brazil, Asia, and Russia, and many other locations around the world.

The study also addresses some of the potential environmental concerns related to hydropower. Because SPHS reservoirs are deep and constructed parallel to, rather than within the course of a river, the environmental and land use impacts can also be up to 10 to 50 times smaller than conventional hydropower plants.

Hunt, lead author of the study, says, “With the need for a change to a more sustainable world with lower CO2 emissions（排放），renewable energies and energy storage will play a major role in the near future. Given the vast untapped（未开发的）and cheap potential of SPHS, it will soon play an important role in storing energy and water on a yearly basis.”

1. What is the strength of SPHS based on the new IIASA research?

A．It’s costly.	B．It’s out-dated.
C．It’s rarely used.	D．It’s inexpensive.

2. What do researchers concentrate on when assessing the use of SPHS?

A．Environmental protection.	B．High profits.
C．Suitable places.	D．Water flow.

3. What do we know about the SPHS reservoirs in Paragraph 4?

A．They damage the river.

B．They are environmentally friendly.

C．They are similar to traditional hydropower plants.

D．They can be effective in many places globally.

4. What’s the future for SPHS according to Hunt?

A．Promising.	B．Panicking.
C．Discouraging.	D．Demanding.