There are two kinds of secrets: secrets of nature and secrets about people. Natural secrets exist all around us; to find them, one must study some undiscovered aspect of the physical world. Secrets about people are different: they are things that people don't know about themselves or things they hide because they don't want others to know. So when thinking about what kind of company to build, there are two distinct questions to ask: What secrets is nature not telling you? What secrets are people not telling you?
It's easy to assume that natural secrets are the most important: the people who look for them can sound authoritative (权威的).This is why physics PhDs are difficult to work with—because they know the most basic truths, they think they know all truths. But does understanding electronic theory automatically make you a great marriage counselor? Does a gravity theorist know more about your business than you do? At PayPal, I once interviewed a physics PhD for an engineering job. Halfway through my first question, he shouted, "Stop! I already know what you're going to ask!" But he was wrong. It was the easiest no-hire decision I've ever made. Secrets about people are relatively overlooked. Maybe that's because you don,t need a dozen years of higher education to ask the questions that uncover them: What are people not allowed to talk about? What is forbidden or taboo?
The best place to look for secrets is where no one else is looking. Most people think only in terms of what they've been taught; schooling itself aims to spread basic wisdom. So you might ask: are there any fields that matter but haven't been standardized? Physics, for example, is a real major at all major universities, and it's set in its ways. The opposite of physics might be astrology, but astrology doesn't matter. What about something like nutrition? Nutrition matters for everybody, but you can't major in it at Harvard. Most top scientists go into other fields. Most of the big studies were done 30 or 40 years ago, and most are seriously flawed (有缺陷的).The food pyramid that told us to eat low fat and large amounts of grains was probably produced by Big Food(美国著名食品公司)than real science; its chief impact has been to worsen our obesity(肥胖)problem. There’s plenty more to learn: we know more about the physics of far away stars than we know about human nutrition. It won't be easy, but it's not obviously impossible: exactly the kind of field that could produce secrets.
1. What can we learn about secrets in Paragraph 1?| A．To establish a company, one should explore secrets of both nature and people. |
| B．Trying to discover people themselves will help them to find the natural secrets. |
| C．Secrets of nature are more important than secrets about people. |
| D．We have to find the secrets that nature and people have told us. |
| A．the physics PhD was not hired because he sounded authoritative |
| B．higher education will ensure a better understanding of secrets |
| C．it is necessary and important to appreciate secrets about people |
| D．it is not easy for physics PhDs to find an engineering job |
| A．The best place to find secrets is where many great scientists are studying. |
| B．Eating low fat and large amounts of grains is certainly good for our health. |
| C．There may be some hidden secrets for us to find in the field of human nutrition. |
| D．Without physics, secrets in astrology and human nutrition would not have been found. |
| A．Secrets of nature | B．Secrets about people |
| C．How to build a secret company | D．How to find secrets |
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【推荐1】You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that push your cognitive(认知的) capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who develop the skill, and then make it the core of their working life, will thrive(蓬勃发展).
The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive—no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction.
The key to developing a deep work habit is to move beyond good intentions and add routines and habits to your working life designed to minimize a state of unbroken concentration. To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. Adopt a tool only if its positive impacts on these factors substantially outweigh its negative impacts. It’s crucial that you figure out in advance what you’re going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin.
In the end of Deep Work, we can know that the ability to concentrate is a skill that gets valuable things done. If you’re struggling to use your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matter, then you’ll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning.
1. What is presented in the first paragraph?| A．Accurate analyses. | B．Practical examples. |
| C．Theoretical introduction. | D．Daring anticipation. |
| A．Those easy to get along well with. | B．Those willing to give others a hand. |
| C．Those who’re very skilled or talented. | D．Those who’re the best at what they do. |
| A．Quitting social media. | B．Making a flexible schedule. |
| C．Forming a simple habit. | D．Using on-demand distraction. |
| A．A news report. | B．An exam paper. |
| C．A book review. | D．An economic article. |
【推荐2】Sudoku (数独) puzzles give your brain a hard time: Every number from 1 to 9 must appear in each of the nine horizontal (横向的) rows, in each of the nine vertical columns and in each of the nine boxes.
For many of us, this can be a reason for a headache, but in the very rare case of a German man, a Sudoku puzzle even caused seizures (痉挛).
In a new case study from the University of Munich, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Berend Feddersen introduces a student who was 25 years old when he was buried by a snow slide during a ski tour. For 15 minutes, he didn’t get enough oxygen, which severely damaged certain parts of his brain. “He had to receive treatment on the scene. Luckily he survived,” says Feddersen, the author of the study.
Weeks after the accident, when the young man was ready for recovery treatment, something bizarre happened: When the patient solved Sudoku puzzles, he suddenly had seizures of his left arm — something the medical world hadn’t seen before.
Feddersen explains: “In order to solve a Sudoku, the patient used parts of his brain which are responsible for vision-space tasks. But exactly those brain parts had been damaged in the accident and then caused the seizures once they were used.”
This particular case is an example of what doctors call reflex epilepsy (反射性癫痫), according to Dr. Jacqueline French, professor from NYU Langone School of Medicine.
“You have to have an injury of your brain first, and then seizures like that can happen,” she says.
In the meantime, the patient from the case study stopped solving Sudoku puzzles forever and has been seizure-free for more than five years. “Fortunately, he can do crossword puzzles. He never had problems with those,” Feddersen says.
1. In the accident, the student ______.| A．began to experience seizures in his left arm |
| B．got the vision-space part of his brain damaged |
| C．had to be sent to hospital as soon as possible |
| D．found his Sudoku ability seriously weakened |
| A．the man cannot complete crossword puzzles now |
| B．it is Sudoku playing that brings about his seizures |
| C．the man’s symptoms are common and widely observed |
| D．the seizures cause much trouble to the man’s daily life |
| A．a medical test | B．a warning to skiers |
| C．a news report | D．a research paper |
【推荐3】The colours of beautiful feathers are often borrowed. Flamingos, for example, owe their pinkness to chemicals called carotenoids that are made by bacteria known (confusingly) as blue-green algae. The birds, when feeding, both ingest these bacteria directly and consume small crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) that themselves live on such bacteria､Blue-footed boobies obtain their eponymous colour similarly, via the fish they eat.
Carotenoids, though, are dual-use molecules. Besides giving these birds colours, they also help to stimulate the immune system. If a bird has some health issues, its immune system will thus use up some of its carotenoid stock defending against these interlopers, and its colour will suffer. If it is in good shape, by contrast, most of the carotenoids it consumes will be used to create colour. This is a difference that potential mates notice and act on, as dozens of experiments have proved. But a study just published in Naturwissenschaften has gone beyond these observations and shown that bright feather is also an indicator of a healthy digestive system.
Wild animals live in a world of constant food scarcity. Squeezing every last calorie and nutrient molecule from what they eat is crucial to their survival. Since carotenoids are obtained as part of this digestive process. Tuul Sepp of Arizona State University and her colleagues wondered if feather brilliance might therefore be a reliable signal of the efficiency with which a bird draws goodness from its food.
To assess that she turned to a test called the “acid steatocrit”. This involves collecting an animal’s faeces(排泄物) mixing them with perchloric acid to liberate the fat molecules within, centrifuging(使离心) the mixture and then measuring the thickness of the fatty layer which has accumulated at the top. The thinner this layer, the more efficiently the animal in question has been digesting any fats it has eaten. Since most carotenoids are bound to fatty molecules called lipoproteins, Dr Sepp reasoned that those birds which the test suggests are collecting fats efficiently from their food will also be brightly coloured.
To investigate this idea, she and her colleagues collected 36 male house finches—birds known for having brilliant red breasts. They photographed their captives and held them in cages for a short time, in order to collect some faeces from each. They then ran the images of the birds ‘breasts through a computer to analyse how red they were, and studied a sample of each bird’s faeces using the acid stratocrat test.
The result was that there is indeed a correlation between the brilliance of a bird’s breast and the efficiency of its fat digestion. If Dr Sepp’s computer can see this, it seems likely female house finches can, too—and will thus have yet another reason to pick the mates with the prettiest feathers.
1. By “The colours of beautiful feathers are often borrowed” the writer means that ________.| A．the colour of birds’ feathers fades with age |
| B．birds prefer to eat food that look colourful |
| C．birds’ feathers get colour after they are born |
| D．the colours of birds’ feathers are a sign of disease |
| A．more carotenoid is consumed to create colour |
| B．their immune system produces more carotenoid |
| C．they are more likely to defend against certain disease |
| D．their potential mates are more likely to see bright colours |
| A．have a less strong digestive system |
| B．appeal less to female house finches |
| C．are more able to separate fatty molecules |
| D．digest fat collected from food more efficiently |
| A．Female birds choose mates based on their act. |
| B．Birds with poor digestion are literally off colour. |
| C．Faeces are a useful indicator of birds’ immune system. |
| D．How efficiently birds process food remains to be studied. |
【推荐1】Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc.but what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn't destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
1. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ________.| A．to see whether people's personality affects their life span |
| B．to explain one's lifestyle influences their health |
| C．to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life |
| D．to examine all the factors contributing to longevity |
| A．Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life |
| B．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times |
| C．Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity |
| D．Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity |
| A．Children's personality characteristics are always determined by their mothers. |
| B．People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner |
| C．Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers |
| D．Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life spans |
【推荐2】Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource - limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”
1. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?| A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. | B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon. |
| C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks. | D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees. |
| A．By fighting against diseases. | B．By bettering forest soil conditions. |
| C．By acting as the center of family units. | D．By maintaining the balance of resources. |
| A．Tree rings. | B．Fungal networks. | C．Douglas firs. | D．Cores from Douglas firs. |
| A．Geography. | B．Agriculture. | C．Reforestation. | D．Microbiology. |
【推荐3】It’s a structure that isn’t finished, yet two million people visit it every year. Antoni Gaud í began building his church, La Sagrada Família, in 1883 — and work continues to this day and it is expected to be finished in 2026, a hundred years after Gaud í’s death.
The architect grew up fascinated by the natural wonders of the countryside. Early in his career, Gaud í experimented with many styles but eventually developed his own ideas about architecture. The natural world was the main inspiration for Gaud í’s designs. “Nothing is art if it does not come from nature,” he believed. Gaud í understood that the natural world is full of curved forms, not straight lines. With this idea in mind, he based his structures on nature.
The architect’s love of nature guided the design of La Sagrada Família. Gaud í designed the inside of La Sagrada Família to feel like a forest. Inside the church, pillars rise up like trees. This theme continues outside. The outside of the church is decorated with sculptures of wildlife. For example, a turtle (a symbol of the sea) and a tortoise (a symbol of the land) are carved into the base of two columns.
Gaud í died in 1926. Before his death, he made three-dimensional models of his plans for the building, hoping that others could complete his masterpiece. Many of these models were lost during the Spanish Civil War, but some survived. These models have helped Gaud í’s successors. For example, Mark Burry, an architect from New Zealand, uses computer technology and the surviving models to bring Gaud í’s plans to life.
Gaud í’s work illustrates a timeless truth. As the architectural historian Joan Bassegoda wrote: “The lesson of Gaud í is … to look at nature for inspiration … Nature does not go out of fashion.” In fact, you might say Gaud í’s architectural style was ahead of its time. The architect’s nature-inspired designs can be seen as an early example of the modern science of biomimetics — a science that uses designs in nature to solve modern problems.
1. What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
| A．Gaud í’s ideas about architecture. | B．The inspiration of La Sagrada Família. |
| C．Biographical information about Gaud í. | D．The link between architecture and nature. |
| A．A virtual forest. | B．Straight lined window frames. |
| C．Trunk-like columns. | D．Pillar bases carved with characters. |
| A．Architecture ahead of time is fashionable. |
| B．Nature is the constant source of inspiration. |
| C．Nature-inspired designs can solve global issues. |
| D．Gaudí’s work is the best example of biomimetics. |
| A．A Genius Architect | B．Wonders of Nature |
| C．The Origin of Biomimetics | D．Unfinished Masterpiece |
【推荐1】The noble tree house—all natural materials, strong construction, aloof from the troubles of the world. In a more dangerous time in human history, their position above the ground would protect the inhabitant against environmental difficulties and possible predators. As modern construction has improved, these arboreal places have become less of a practical housing and more of a children’s fun—a secret place erected in many a back garden. But now, these fun shelters are appealing to adults too and many are booking themselves in for a few nights among the treetops.
These tree house hotels can be found From Europe to Australia. Best of all, they come in a variety of interesting designs! From the traditional four walls and a roof habitation, such as at TreeHouse Point, in Washington, North America, to the more artistic Nothofagus Hotel in Chilean Patagonia, whose twelve-sided walls make it look like a beehive. If that doesn’t appeal, how about a tree container? The Free Spirit Spheres resort on Vancouver Island in Canada allows guests to stay in one of three yellow spheres (圆球), which are suspended from trees. The company was founded in 1998 by Tom Chudleigh, who hand built the container from cedar wood and fibre glass, and then added fixtures and fittings. Not only are they as safe as houses, they’re popular! Visitor numbers have probably doubled in the past five years, Mr. Chudleigh tells the BBC.
And how about an office? Microsoft, hoping to give its employees thinking space, has commissioned (委托) a three-building structure from Pete Nelson, designer and builder of tree houses. “Studies show people can work better in nature. They are more productive,” says Mr. Nelson. If you’ve no head for heights, then maybe a tree house getaway isn’t going to be your home away from home. But the sense of adventure, the freshness of the setting and the opportunity to return to nature has given an increasing number of tree house-staying adults something to write home about.
1. The underlined word “arboreal” in paragraph one means “ ”.| A．relating to history | B．of or relating to trees |
| C．of danger | D．of secret |
| A．the company has profited a lot from tree houses |
| B．tree houses come from interesting places |
| C．Tom Chudleigh has an eye for safety |
| D．tree houses are becoming fashionable |
| A．Because people are more productive working in nature. |
| B．Because the sense of adventure make people work harder. |
| C．Because the freshness of the setting make people cooperate well. |
| D．Because people need the opportunity to return to nature. |
| A．how a tree house is built | B．the trend for tree houses |
| C．peoples’ opinions about tree houses | D．the history of tree houses |
【推荐2】A NASA-funded study used satellite to search for penguin poops (粪便) in Antarctica: funny at first sight though, it resulted in unique insights on the Adelie penguin’s diet and its future as the climate changes. The findings published recently unlocked the secrets about the species that can provide an early-warning of threats to Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem.
Researchers from Stony Brook University used satellite images to see if the Adelie penguin’s diet has been changing in response to Antarctica’s changing climate. Adelie penguin population has dropped greatly in some areas even as the global population increases. The satellite images cannot show the penguins individually, but their presence can be detected by the stain (污渍) left on the ice by their waste, called guano.
Male and female penguins take turns incubating (孵化) in the nest. The guano builds up in the same areas occupied by the nests. Heather Lynch, associate professor at Stony Brook, along with his team, used the area of the colony as defined by the guano stain to work back to the number of pairs. A global survey for Adelie penguins turned up 3.8 million breeding pairs. Also, the satellite data can detect the color of the penguin guano, ranging from white to pink to dark red. White guano is from eating mostly fish; pink and red would be from eating mostly krill (磷虾). The team found that while the Adelie penguin’s diet did show changes from year to year, no consistent pattern was obvious.
“This was a big surprise, since the abundance and distribution of Adelie penguins has changed dramatically over the last 40 years and scientists had assumed that a change in diet might have played a role,” said Casey Young flesh, a graduate student from the university. However, continued changes in the physical environment and a growing krill fishery in the region are likely to have an influence on penguin prey (猎物) and penguin population itself. “Tools like this will be important for the management of the Antarctic ecosystem, which is often considered among the most primitive areas in the world,” said Young flesh.
1. What concerned scientists most according to paragraph 1?| A．The climate change. | B．The Adelie penguin’s diet. |
| C．The Antarctica’s ecosystem. | D．The secret of penguin poops. |
| A．By doing experiments. | B．By conducting surveys. |
| C．By making observations. | D．By collecting documents. |
| A．The Adelie penguin population was 3.8 million worldwide. |
| B．Guano colors reflected the health condition of the penguin. |
| C．The Adelie penguin’s diet stayed the same most of the time. |
| D．Adelie penguin waste helped estimate the penguin population. |
| A．More Adelie penguins have appeared over the last 40 years. |
| B．There was not an obvious changing pattern of penguin’s diet. |
| C．Diet changes didn’t actually affect penguin population as assumed. |
| D．Fishery was important for the management of the Antarctic ecosystem. |
【推荐3】Like producers of wine from France's Champagne area, Brazil's chocolate industry is using geographical indication, or GI labels with good results. These labels show where the cocoa comes from and its quality. The special labels can lead to higher prices on the market.
Henrique Almeida is the 63-year-old owner of a farm in Coaraci, in the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia. He is pleased with the "South Bahia" geographical indication for his cocoa. "The production of fine cocoa and the creation of the geographical indication label make it possible to have a profitable business and pull our region upwards," Almeida said.
For many years, farmers in Bahia had produced common cocoa, used widely in the chocolate industry. But in 1989, an outbreak of "witches' broom" disease sharply reduced the productivity of Bahia's cocoa trees. These trees make up to 86 percent of Brazil's national crop. At the time, Almeida, like other producers in southern Bahia, chose to improve the quality of his crop in order to be able to continue growing.
"When I bought the farm, standard cocoa prices were low, and cocoa farmers were unmotivated（无动机的）, while the chocolate market was doing well," he told the French news agency AFP. "I started growing fine cocoa to make my own chocolate and add value to my product."
The label is the result of 10 years of work by Almeida and other cocoa producers, as well as cooperatives and researchers. Together, they created the South Bahia Cocoa Association to define（定义）production rules. The National Institute of Industrial Property registered the GI 6 years after the first registered GI.
The “South Bahia” label is the second GI given to Brazilian cocoa. The Linhares region in the state of Espirito Santo was the first GI to be registered in 2012. Tome-Acu in the northeastern state of Para became the third in 2019.
1. What might be a result of witches' broom in 1989?| A．Many cocoa trees in Brazil died. | B．Cocoa became quite expensive. |
| C．Farmers started to grow fine cocoa. | D．Chocolate industry had to use common cocoa. |
| A．In 2012. | B．In 2014. |
| C．In 2016. | D．In 2018. |
| A．A national cocoa association may appear quickly. |
| B．Common cocoa may disappear soon. |
| C．Cocoa fanners may apply for more GI labels. |
| D．Cocoa prices will be higher and higher. |
| A．Brazil's cocoa industry benefits from GI labels. |
| B．Brazil's cocoa farmers are learning to make French wine. |
| C．GI labels are making higher profits for Brazil's cocoa farmers. |
| D．Better Brazil's cocoa trees will bring finer Brazil's cocoa. |
【推荐1】Like most people, you have probably lost count of the number of perfect-looking shoes you have thrown away simply because the rubber soles (橡胶鞋底) are broken. In addition to the expense, it is also harmful to our environment. Now, thanks to a revolutionary self-healing 3-D printed rubber material, broken shoe soles may be a thing of the past.
The magical polymer (聚合物) is developed by the researchers at the University of Southern California’s (USC) and the University of Connecticut (UConn) . The team, led by USC Assistant Professor Qiming Wang, created it through a process called photopolymerization, which uses light to solidify the liquid used to create 3-D printed plastic. The researchers found that adding the right amount of oxidant (氧化剂) to the liquid allowed the 3-D polymer to heal (愈合) without slowing down the hardening process.
“When we gradually increase the oxidant, the self - healing behavior becomes stronger, but the photopolymerization behavior becomes weaker,” explained Wang. “There is competition between these two behaviors.”
The team, who published the findings in the journal NPG Asia Materials on February 1st,2019, state that the repair time can be reduced by increasing the room temperature. “If you just put a broken shoe on a bench at room temperature, the rubber will heal itself in six to eight hours,” Wang said. “If you apply heat at maybe 60℃, that expedites the healing process to about two hours.”
Given the material s huge potential, it is not surprising to hear that Wang and his team have been approached by several shoe-making companies eager to be the first to use the technology, which is still in the early stages. Once perfected, the scientists also hope to apply the technique to hard plastics that can be used to create self-healing toys, electronics, vehicle parts, and, if Wang has his way, even tires.
1. How do the researchers make 3-D printed plastic self- heal?| A．By changing the amount of light used. |
| B．By raising the temperature at which it is used. |
| C．By increasing the hardening speed of the liquid. |
| D．By adding the proper amount of oxidant to the liquid. |
| A．The creation of 3-D printed plastic doesn’t need light. |
| B．The surrounding temperature determines the speed of healing. |
| C．Many shoe making companies got the right to use the technology. |
| D．Throwing away broken shoe soles has been a thing of the past. |
| A．Strengthens. | B．Delays. | C．Accelerates. | D．Worsens. |
| A．Self - healing shoes may be in our future. |
| B．3-D printing technology makes a difference. |
| C．Self - healing technology will serve many fields. |
| D．A revolution of rubber soles has changed our life. |
【推荐2】During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.
Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列)the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.
Due to this openness, pharmaceutical (制药的) companies across the globe are now able to work simultaneously (同时地)to develop a vaccine. “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient (有适应力的) we’ll be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.
This openness in science is going to be even more critical in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.
He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a coordinated (合作的) approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and therapeutics (疗法) very rapidly.”
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.
1. What does the article mainly talk about?| A．Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic. |
| B．Something positive we’ve learned from the epidemic. |
| C．The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge. |
| D．What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics. |
| A．They alerted the world to the danger of the virus. |
| B．They helped remove people’s fear of the virus. |
| C．They showed the world how to produce a vaccine. |
| D．They invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine. |
| A．To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic. |
| B．To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus. |
| C．To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries. |
| D．To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained. |
| A．expressing disapproval. |
| B．extremely important. |
| C．serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous. |
| D．making fair, careful judgments. |
| A．Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to scientific development. |
| B．The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics. |
| C．No single group can fight against the epidemics independently. |
| D．The increase in globalization may worsen future epidemics. |
【推荐3】Look on almost any street comer in America and you will see a fast food shop, the McDonald’s. Did you ever wonder why the McDonald's is so successful everywhere you go?
It certainly doesn't lie in the price of the food or the customer service there. If you stop for lunch at an airport McDonald's，half the continent away, the meal will be almost the same as the lunch you could order at the McDonald's that's closest to your home. What's more, anytime you eat at a McDonald's, you may feel nostalgia (怀旧之情)because the tastes are so similar to your first Happy Meal when you were a child.
The success of the McDonald's, which truly set the stage for other franchise (特许经销权) businesses all over the world, is owed to Ray Kroc. Ray，in 1954, partnered with Dick and Maurice McDonald, the founding brothers behind the first McDonald’s restaurant，to make this small restaurant a nationwide sensation (轰动). Ray's pushing the McDonald's farther than the founders proves an important concept in leadership: the Law of the Lid (盖子法则). The higher the person's ability to lead, the higher the lid on his or her potential.
The McDonald brothers understood how to run a business. They were excellent managers, but when they tried marketing the McDonald's concept, they failed. Their thinking patterns in leadership limited the lid of their potential on the level of what they can do or become. In contrast, the lid of potential in Ray's life was sky high due to his leadership. Between 1955 and 1959, he succeeded in opening 100 McDonald's restaurants. Today the company has more than 35,000 locations in over 120 countries around the world!
If you can get a handle on this law, you will see the unbelievable effect of leadership on every aspect of your life or your company. Wherever you look, you can find smart people who are only able to go so far because of the limitations of their leadership. That's why in times of trouble, organizations naturally look for new leadership. To lift the lid on your potential, continue your study of leadership.
1. What is most probably the key to the McDonald's success?| A．Its fair price. | B．Its consistency in food. |
| C．Its Happy Meal for children. | D．Its warm and friendly service. |
| A．He opened the first McDonald's. |
| B．He made the most popular food in the McDonald's. |
| C．He set up various stages for guests in the McDonald's. |
| D．He expanded the McDonald's into a worldwide business. |
| A．Ray Kroc lacked a strong sense of effectiveness and leadership. |
| B．A person's leadership determines the potential of his business. |
| C．The lid on the McDonald brothers' potential is fairly high. |
| D．An excellent manager is also good at marketing. |
| A．Leadership counts | B．Ways to realize our potential |
| C．Popularity of the McDonald's | D．Secrets of running a business |
